静脉曲张套扎联合部分脾栓塞治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血的META分析

目的评价内镜下静脉曲张套扎（EVL）联合部分脾栓塞（PSE）治疗食管静脉曲张出血的临床疗效。方法检索PubMed、 EMBASE、 Web of Science、 The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、 Elesiver、全文数据库、中国科技期刊数据库（维普）、万方数字化期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库等关于内镜下静脉曲张套扎联合部分脾栓塞治疗食管静脉曲张的疗效及安全性的随机对照试验（RCT）,使用Rev—Man5．2版软件对纳入的研究进行Meta分析。结果共7项RCT包含428例患者符合入选标准。Meta分析结果显示：（1）EVL联合PSE患者根治率高于EVL组（RR=1．55,95％CI：1．27～1．06,P〈0．0001）;EVL联合PSE患者再出血率较EVL组明显降低（RR=0．43,95％CI：0．26～0．72,P=0．001）;EVL联合PSE患者病死率与EVL组相比差异无统计学意义（RR=0．39,95％CI：0．12～1．26,P=0．12）。（2）EVL联合PSE患者血小板计数与EvL组相比明显增高（WMD=53．85,95％CI：45．72～61．98,P〈0．00001）。结论EvL联合PSE在临床疗效及改善血小板计数明显优于EVL,但由于相关的高质量研究文献数量有限及纳入的样本量较小,尚待高质量随机对照试验证实。     

奥曲肽治疗非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的疗效观察

目的观察奥曲肽治疗非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的疗效。方法将112例非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者,随机分为A组（60例）和B组（52例）,A组为奥曲肽联合泮托拉唑组,B组为单用泮托拉唑组,观察两组的止血效果。结果A组24h止血显效率为82．87％,明显高于B组（62．54％,P〈0．01）;A组止血时间为（21．53±5．54）h,短于B组（29．86±5．98）h,A组输血量为（1．32±0．54）U,少于B组（2．72±0．51）u,P〈0．05。结论奥曲肽治疗非静脉曲张性上消化道出血有显著疗效,有止血速度快、输血量减少的特点,值得推广应用。     

国产组织胶内镜下注射联合套扎治疗食管胃底静脉曲张的临床应用

目的探讨国产组织胶内镜下注射联合套扎治疗食管胃底静脉曲张的临床效果。方法24例食管胃底静脉曲张患者。分三种方法治疗：（1）套扎＋组织胶注射1次完成10例;（2）套扎与组织胶注射分次完成10例;（3）采用组织胶直接注射治疗4例。结果4例活动性出血经治疗均即刻止血,成功率100％,10例套扎＋组织胶注射1次完成者,食管和胃底静脉曲张治疗总有效率100％;10例套扎＋组织胶分次完成者,食管静脉曲张治疗总有效率90％,胃底静脉总有效率80％,两组疗效比较无统计学意义;并发症：总发生率12．5％（3／24）,2例注射完拔针后少许出血,1例术后2周排胶出血,经适当处理均止血。结论国产组织胶注射联合套扎治疗食管胃底静脉曲张和／或出血,近期疗效可靠、操作安全,并发症少而轻。     

影响经皮经肝食管胃曲张静脉组织胶栓塞术远期疗效因素分析

目的：探讨提高经皮经肝曲张静脉栓塞术（PTVE）治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血远期疗效的相关因素。方法：192例肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张出血的患者,经皮经肝穿刺向食管下段胃底部曲张静脉、食管下段周围静脉丛、胃底贲门周围静脉丛内注入永久性栓塞剂TH胶（a-氰基丙烯酸酯）。结果：192例患者中188例成功施行了PTVE,成功率达97．8％。168例患者随访期6～64月,根据注入的TH胶分布的范围,168例患者分为3种栓塞类型：食管-胃底型82例,胃底型67例,主干型19例,135例患者PTVE后同时施行部分脾动脉栓塞,42例随访中施行了内镜下套扎或硬化治疗。静脉曲张复发率15．5％（26／168）。胃食管栓塞组静脉曲张复发率明显低于胃底贲门型及冠状静脉主干型（P〈0．0001,log-rank test）。随访期间21例患者再出血,总出血率12．5％（21／168）。其中食管胃底型再出血率3．7％（3／82）;胃底型再出血率10．4％（7／67）;主干型再出血率58．1％（11／19）。联合内镜治疗者再出血为2．4％（1／42）,联合脾动脉栓塞组再出血8．9％（12／135）明显低于单纯PTVE治疗的27．3％（9／33）。结论：TH胶栓塞范围与远期疗效密切相关,联合部分脾动脉栓塞和内镜下套扎治疗能明显降低食管胃静脉曲张复发和再出血。     

能谱CT在预测肝硬化门脉高压食管静脉曲张出血风险的应用

＿目的：通过能谱CT探讨肝硬化门脉高压血流动力学改变来预测食管静脉曲张出血风险。方法：41名肝硬化患者行能谱CT扫描,分别记录肝左叶、肝右叶、肝尾状叶、脾脏、门静脉、胃左静脉碘基值,门静脉主干及脾静脉主干内径,比较门脉高压组（门静脉内径≥15 mm或脾静脉内径≥10 mm）与非门脉高压组（门静脉内径＜15 mm或脾静脉内径＜10 mm）、CT下食管静脉曲张组与未曲张组、出血组与未出血组之间能谱参数差异。将出血组与未出血组的能谱参数绘制ROC曲线,选取截点,确定能谱参数对出血风险的诊断价值。结果：胃左静脉指数 GLI （胃左静脉碘基值／门静脉碘基值）与脾静脉主干内径呈正相关（r＝0．358,P＝0．035）。CT下食管静脉曲张组GLI（0．99±0．26）较未曲张组高（0．78±0．22）,P＝0．02。出血组GLI （1．01±0．21）较未出血组高（0．83±0．28）,P＝0．037。GLI临界值为0．87时曲线下面积为0．71,诊断出血风险的敏感性82．4％,特异性65％。结论：胃左静脉指数可以作为预测食管静脉曲张出血风险指标。     

第二产程时间与母儿结局关系的临床分析

目的探讨第二产程时间与新生儿Apgar评分和分娩方式的关系。方法对我院2006年03月～2008年10月住院分娩的1255例产妇的临床资料进行回顾性分析，根据第二产程时间〈1h，1—2h、〉2h将其分为A、B、C三组，统计新生儿Apgar评分，分娩方式和产后出血发生率，Ridit分析用于Apgar评分等级比较，Pearson相关分析用于Apgar评分与第二产程时间的相关性，X^2检验用于分娩方式和产后出血发生率比较。结果（1）新生儿Apgar评分分级由好到坏依次是A组、B组和C组（分别为RA=0．5284，RB=0．4924，Rc=0．2267）；差异有显著统计意义（P〈0．01）；（2）A、B、C三组剖宫产发生率分别是23．70％、34．74％和80．95％，分娩方式存在显著差异（X^2=136．302，P=0．000）；Apgar评分与第二产程时间显著负相关（r=-0．258，P=0．035）；（3）A、B、C三组产后出血发生率分别是0．56％（5／886）、2．46％（7／285）和7．13％（6／84）（x^2=26．212，P=0．000）。结论新生儿Apgar评分与第二产程持续时间负相关，第二产程时间在一定程度上决定分娩方式的选择和产后出血的发生。     

妈富隆治疗绝经过渡期功能失调性子宫出血的疗效观察

目的观察妈富隆治疗绝经过渡期功能失调性子宫出血的临床疗效。方法选择2012年7月～2013年7月收治的绝经过渡期功能失调性子宫出血患者50例为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各25例,观察组口服妈富隆,对照组口服妇康片。比较两种患者治疗3疗程后的临床疗效。结果临床总有效率（96．0％）明显高于对照组（68．0％）,差异有统计学意义（X^2=6．640,P〈0．01）;控制出血时间（23．22±12．25）、完全止血时间（50．12±17．55）均明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;不良反应率（12．0％）均明显低于对照组（52．0％）差异有统计学意义（X^2=9．191,P〈0．01）。结论妈富隆治疗绝经过渡期功能失调性子宫出血临床疗效显著,能及时控制患者出血并快速止血,且临床不良反应较少值得推广。     

超声检查对甲状腺良恶性结节的鉴别诊断价值研究

目的：探讨超声检查对甲状腺良恶性结节的鉴别诊断价值。方法：选择手术切除的甲状腺结节568例,按照术后病理检查结果分为良性组506例和恶性组62例,分析两组临床及超声声像图特征。结果：（1）良恶性组组间性别构成比比较差异不显著（P〉0．05）,均以女性居多;（2）恶性组平均年龄显著低于良性组（P〈0．05）;（3）良性组纵横径比为0．75±0．12,显著低于恶性组的1．18±0．28（P〈0．05）;（4）良性组界限及形状不规则占57．9％,显著低于恶性组的85．5％（P〈0．05）;（5）良性组实性低回声占21．9％,非常显著低于恶性组的82．2％（P〈0．01）;（6）良性组微钙化占25．5％,显著低于恶性组的54．8％（P〈0．05）;（7）良性组后衰减占1．0％,非常显著低于恶性组的29．0％（P〈0．01）;（8）良性组血流丰富占59．7％,显著高于恶性组的21．0％（P〈0．05）。结论：超声检查对于甲状腺良恶性结节具有较高的鉴别诊断价值。     

三腔二囊管治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效观察

目的评价目前三腔二囊管在肝硬化食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血时的应用价值。方法收集有呕血症状并经胃镜确诊为食管-胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的肝硬化患者153例,200人次。分成A、B两组。A组治疗措施包括垂体后叶素加H2受体阻断剂联合或不联合三腔二囊管,B组包括SS（生长抑素）加PPI（质子泵抑制剂）联合或不联合三腔二囊管。统计两组患者的出血情况、止血时间、治疗结果以及三腔二囊管的使用情况。结果止血时间两组间无统计学意义;B组三腔二囊管使用例次及第1次出血时的使用率已明显降低,三腔二囊管的压迫时间明显缩短;三腔二囊管止血成功率在A、B两组无统计学意义;联合三腔二囊管治疗组死亡率高于仅用药物治疗组。结论 SS和PPI的联合使用能提高食管-胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的止血率,三腔二囊管不能降低患者的死亡率,故药物治疗可作为的首选方法。     

肝硬化套扎联合硬化序贯治疗的疗效评价

  目的 探讨套扎联合硬化序贯治疗对肝硬化食管静脉曲张的疗效。方法 选取医院2014-04至2017-04诊断为肝硬化并食管静脉曲张出血经过2次食管静脉曲张套扎治疗,食管静脉曲张内镜分级仍在中(G₂)、重(G₃)度的57例患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将受试者随机分为对照组(28例)和研究组(29例),研究组行套扎联合硬化序贯治疗,对照组继续行套扎序贯治疗。两组均在治疗后随访1年并复查胃镜,比较两组的序贯治疗次数、食管静脉曲张消除率、再出血发生率、并发症发生率。结果 研究组食管静脉硬化术序贯治疗次数(2.24±0.95)少于对照组食管静脉套扎术序贯治疗次数(3.29±1.27),两组比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05)。研究组静脉曲张消除率(89.66%)显著高于对照组(46.43%),再出血率(2.45%)低于对照组(14.29%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 套扎联合硬化序贯治疗可减少内镜下治疗次数,显著减少套扎术后残留的食管曲张静脉、延缓静脉曲张的复发,并发症风险无增加。     

内镜下套扎治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血（附43例）

目的：探讨内镜下套扎治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的临床疗效。方法：对我院86例食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者分别给予内镜下套扎治疗与内科药物治疗,比较两组治疗疗效。结果：治疗组：止血成功率达90.7%,死亡率达4.7%,再出血率达11.6%。对照组则依次为69.8%、23.3%、32.6%。两组止血成功率、死亡率、再出血率的比较,均（P〈0.05）。结论：内镜套扎治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血具有创伤小、止血迅速、临床疗效好,值得推广使用。     

影响内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术疗效的危险因素分析

目的 研究影响内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术内镜下套扎术(EVL)疗效的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析140例行EVL患者的临床资料,寻找影响EVL疗效的危险因素.结果 早期再出血组与未出血组的出血次数、Grade分级、Child-Pugh分级、门静脉宽度、曲张静脉根数、结扎静脉根数、丙氨酸转移酶、天门冬氨酸转移酶、总胆红素、凝血酶原活动度等观察指标具有统计学差异(P＜0.05),以上各项指标均为EVL术后早期再出血的危险因素.结论 对于食管静脉曲张出血的患者,在行EVL前,应该仔细评价患者的各项临床指标,对患者进行危险分层,做好充分的术前准备,筛除高危患者,尽可能地减少术后早期再出血的发生率,延长患者寿命.     

内镜下组织黏合剂栓塞术治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的临床研究

目的比较内镜下套扎法及组织黏合剂注射法治疗肝硬化胃底静脉曲张的临床疗效。方法将154例肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张患者随机分为内镜下套扎组(对照组)及组织黏合剂注射组(观察组),观察两组患者的再次出血发生率、曲张静脉改善有效率及并发症的发生率。结果两组患者手术均成功,均无严重的并发症发生。随访9个月,观察组3、6、9个月内再出血发生率明显低于对照组,而曲张静脉改善的有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论内镜下注射组织黏合剂能更加有效的预防再出血的发生,其临床疗效更为确切,可作为治疗食管胃底静脉曲张的首选方法。     

An emergency hybrid procedure that combines endoscopic treatment with partial splenic embolization for bleeding esophagogastric varices

Management of splenomegaly is important in the treatment of portal hypertension. We report 2 cases who were treated by an emergency hybrid procedure combining endoscopic treatment and partial splenic embolization (PSE) based on a new concept "splanchnic caput Medusae". Case 1 with refractory esophageal variceal bleeding due to alcoholic liver cirrhosis was treated by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) with ligation and PSE at the same time. Case 2 with gastric variceal bleeding due to polycystic liver disease was treated by EIS using n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and PSE at the same time. Six days after the hybrid procedure, transjugular retrograde obliteration was added. In both cases, post-treatment 3D-CT reconstruction images revealed that the spleen-portal system reversed to almost normal form. We conclude that an emergency hybrid procedure combining endoscopic treatment and PSE is effective for patients with bleeding esophagogastric varices.KEYWORDS: Emergency hybrid procedure, Splanchnic caput Medusae, Esophagogastric varices, Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy, Partial splenic embolization, Polycystic liver disease     

Transcatheter vascular occlusion therapy with isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (bucrylate) for control of massive upper-gastrointestinal bleeding.

Transcatheter embolization with bucrylate, a tissue adhesive, was performed in 16 patients with massive upper-gastrointestinal bleeding. Control of arterial bleeding from the stomach was achieved in 6 of 8 patients, and from the duodenum in 3 of 4. Embolization of gastric veins resulted in temporary control of esophageal variceal bleeding in 3 of 4 patients. Histological study showed no evidence of bucrylate causing histotoxicity in 2 patients. Because bucrylate polymerizes rapidly, a localized vascular occlusion mimicking a surgical ligation is produced. Because collateral vessels are not occluded. localized tissue ischemia is unlikely. Tissue adhesives are, however, difficult to use.     

Risk and causes of gastroesophageal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND/AIM: Variceal bleeding is the most life-threating complication in liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the sources of gastroesophageal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis and to ascertain the risk factors of bleeding from esophageal varices. METHODS: This prospective study included 52 patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Severity of liver dysfunction according to Child's classification, coagulation parameters, and endoscopic findings were analyzed. In patients with varices we analyzed the size, color, location of varices, and the presence of red signs. The varices were classified as small, medium and large. RESULTS: Esophageal varices were found in 76.9% of the patients. Isolated varices were present in 36.6%, and associated with other findings in 40.3%. Small varices were present in 10%, medium in 25% and large in 65% patients. Of them 55% had variceal bleeding. Variceal bleeding was present in 50% of the patients with medium and in 65.38% of the patients with large varices. There was no bleeding in the patients with small varices. Endoscopy revealed red signs before bleeding in 85% of the patients with large varices. There was a higher incidence of variceal bleeding in the Child's group B. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the coagulation parameters in patients with and without variceal bleeding. Rebleeding was present in 86.36% of the patients. Most of them (52.63%) were rebleeding between 7 weeks and 12 months after the first episode of variceal bleeding. In the patients with the most severe hepatocellular dysfunction (Child's group C) the period between the first bleeding and rebleeding was the shortest (mean, 20.8 days). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that esophageal varices are the most frequent sources of bleeding in the patients with liver cirrhosis. There is the association between the first bleeding and large varices and the red signs. Coagulation disorders and hepatic dysfunction were not related to the initial episode of variceal bleeding. The risk of early rebleeding was higher in the patients with severe hepatic dysfunction (Child's class C).     

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation for recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding during pregnancy

Treatment of bleeding esophageal varices during pregnancy is a rare clinical dilemma. Primary therapy remains endoscopy and band ligation. Refractory variceal hemorrhage treated with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure potentially exposes the fetus to radiation. The present report describes a TIPS procedure performed at 22 weeks gestation with the use of radiation-sparing maneuvers in a patient with recurrent esophageal variceal hemorrhage. The TIPS procedure delivered an estimated fetal dose of 5.49 mSv (0.549 Rad), much less than the dose threshold thought to induce biologic effects and only slightly greater than annual background radiation. The interventional radiologist should not hesitate to perform a TIPS procedure for refractory variceal hemorrhage with use of strategies aimed at minimizing radiation.     

老年上消化道出血60例临床分析

目的 探讨老年上消化道出血的病因及治疗特点.方法 对2008年1月～ 2010年1月我院收治的老年上消化道出血病例进行分析.结果 胃溃疡出血26例(占43%),十二指肠球部溃疡出血8例(占13%),胃癌出血10例(占16%),食管静脉曲张破裂出血11例(占18%),Mallory-Weiss综合征2例(占3%),胆道出...