MRI对子宫畸形的诊断及分型价值

目的 评价MRI对先天性子宫畸形的诊断及分型价值,并尝试对检查序列及检查方位进行比较,优化检查方法.方法 回顾性分析9例临床确诊为子宫畸形患者的MRI检查资料,年龄22～ 29岁,平均25.2岁.结果 (1)9例患者MRI均诊断为子宫畸形,双子宫l例(1/9),伴双阴道;双角子宫5例(5/9);完全纵隔子宫2例(2/9);完全纵隔子宫伴双角子宫1例(1/9),MRI分型诊断与临床最终诊断结果完全符合者9例(9/9).(2) MRI轴位、冠状位的T2WI或T2WI脂肪抑制序列可清楚显示畸形子宫,斜矢状位T2 WI及各检查方位T1WI可作为补充序列.结论 MRI能够评价子宫畸形的形态学改变并准确分型,并能发现并发的其他病变,可作为子宫畸形诊断及分型的可靠检查方法.对临床怀疑子宫畸形患者,MRI检查应将轴位和冠状位的T2WI或T2WI脂肪抑制序列作为常规扫描方位及序列.     

MRI及超声对先天性阴道畸形及处女膜闭锁的诊断分析

目的:探讨先天性阴道畸形及处女膜闭锁的MRI及超声影像表现,分析其特点,提高对该病的认识。方法:12例经临床证实的先天性阴道畸形和处女膜闭锁病例,对其MRI、超声影像资料进行回顾性分析,分别计算准确率,应用卡方检验统计两者准确率差异性。结果:先天性阴道畸形(7例),为副中肾管发育畸形,先天性无阴道畸形伴痕迹子宫或无子宫2例,为Mayer-Rokitansky-Kstner-Hauser(MRKH)综合征;阴道斜隔综和征2例,超声误诊1例;阴道闭锁2例,其中1例为宫颈发育不良伴阴道闭锁;阴道横隔1例;处女膜闭锁5例。MRI诊断准确率为100%(12/12),超声诊断准确率为83.3%(10/12),两者统计学无明显差异(P0.05),但MRI检查较超声准确率高。结论:先天性阴道畸形和处女膜闭锁的MRI及超声影像表现有一定特征,超声可作为首选的筛查检查方法,进一步MRI检查可以提高诊断准确率。     

3D MRI在先天性子宫畸形诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨3D MRI扫描技术在先天性子宫畸形诊断中的价值.方法:采用Siemens Avanto 1.5T超导磁共振扫描仪,对206例临床怀疑先天性子宫畸形的患者进行MR常规及3D序列扫描,并对扫描图像进行三维重建.结果:单角及残角子宫17例,双子宫7例,双角子宫5例,纵隔子宫135例,弓形子宫23例,宫腔粘连4例,子宫正常15例.3D MRI均清晰显示子宫外形、宫底、宫腔、内膜及宫颈形态.结论:3D MRI能清晰显示先天性子宫畸形的解剖结构,对先天性子宫畸形准确诊断具有重要价值.     

阴道斜隔综合征的MRI诊断

【摘要】目的：探讨MRI对阴道斜隔综合征中的诊断价值。方法：对39例阴道斜隔综合征患者的MRI图像进行回顾性分析,以手术术中所见为确诊标准。结果：39例阴道斜隔综合征中,Ⅰ型9例,Ⅱ型24例,Ⅲ型6例。斜隔发生于右侧者26例,发生于左侧者13例。同时伴有的子宫畸形为：双子宫畸形26例,双角子宫6例,完全纵隔子宫7例。36例伴斜隔同侧肾脏缺如。盆腔内其他病变：盆腔积液34例;内膜样囊肿4例;一侧输卵管积血或积液7例。本组MRI诊断Ⅰ型 或Ⅱ型共33例,其中发现斜隔上小孔从而确诊为II型的为2例,Ⅲ型6例,全部诊断准确。结论：MRI可以准确诊断阴道斜隔综合征,对该病诊断有重要的应用价值。     

经阴道三维超声成像诊断纵隔子宫畸形的价值

目的探讨经阴道三维超声成像诊断纵隔子宫畸形的价值.材料和方法对30例可疑纵隔子宫畸形患者行经阴道二维、三维超声成像,并与宫腔镜或子宫输卵管碘油造影(HSG)结果相对照.结果经阴道二维超声成像诊断完全纵隔子宫3例,不完全纵隔子宫23例,误诊4例.经阴道三维超声成像诊断完全纵隔子宫3例.不完全纵隔子宫23例,弓状子宫2例,特殊类型X形内膜纵隔子宫1例.正常子宫1例.经阴道三维超声诊断与官腔镜及HSG结果符合率100%,经阴道二维超声诊断符合率86.7%.结论经阴道三维超声多平面成像,可以清晰显示宫底形态及官腔内部结构,对纵隔子宫诊断的准确性明显优于二维超声.     

阴道斜隔综合征的影像学诊断价值

目的分析阴道斜隔综合征的影像学表现,探讨影像学检查在阴道斜隔综合征诊断中的价值。资料与方法8例阴道斜隔综合征患者,于术前作了多种影像学检查,包括子宫输卵管造影、隔后腔造影、静脉肾盂造影、盆腔超声成像、泌尿生殖系CT及MRI。将影像学表现与手术结果进行对比分析。结果5例行子宫输卵管造影,其中1例显示双子宫,4例显示单角子宫;4例作了隔后腔造影,显示腔隙为梭形3例,不规则形1例;7例作了盆腔超声成像,3例报告双子宫,3例报告子宫旁肿块,1例疑盆腔异位肾;2例作了盆腔CT,均显示双子宫畸形并一侧宫颈扩张;4例作了盆腔MRI,均显示双子宫畸形并一侧子宫腔及隔后腔积液或积血;8例经静脉肾盂造影、肾脏超声成像、MRI或CT检查提示一侧肾缺如;8例经手术或阴道镜证实阴道斜隔及隔后腔的存在。结论阴道斜隔综合征的诊断关键在于提高对本病的认识。MRI在显示本病畸形解剖方面优于其他影像学方法,对本病的诊断有重要的价值。     

胎儿子宫阴道积液的产前MRI诊断

回顾性分析2014年1月至2021年8月湖北省妇幼保健院12例子宫阴道积液胎儿的临床及MRI资料。5例产前诊断为泄殖腔畸形胎儿均在引产后得到证实, 其中3例为双子宫双阴道, 5例均表现为子宫阴道扩张积液, T2WI上积液信号与膀胱信号相似, T1WI上直肠高信号未见, 结肠扩张, 腹腔积液, 肾积水。7例产前诊断为单纯梗阻性子宫阴道积液的胎儿表现为子宫阴道扩张积液, T1WI上直肠高信号存在, 2例引产及1例生后随访证实为阴道斜隔, 2例生后手术证实为单纯处女膜闭锁, 2例引产证实为阴道闭锁。产前MRI可以排除泄殖腔畸形引起的胎儿子宫阴道积液, 但对单纯梗阻性胎儿子宫阴道积液鉴别诊断困难。     

先天性阴道发育异常的MRI影像表现

目的探讨先天性阴道发育异常的MRI影像表现,分析其影像特征,提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析经宫腹腔镜及手术证实的40例先天性阴道发育异常患者的MRI资料,依据AFS女性生殖道畸形分类系统中阴道发育异常分类,对各种发育异常进行影像学诊断及分型。结果根据先天性阴道发育异常分类以结合临床术前MRI检查及术后诊断,先天性无阴道15例,阴道斜隔综合征7例,阴道闭锁7例,阴道横隔2例,阴道纵隔6例,处女膜闭锁3例。结论先天性阴道发育异常的MRI影像表现有一定特征,MRI能更准确地评估阴道发育不良的类型及相关并发症以及做出客观的评价和诊断,可作为术前影像评估的最佳有效的检查方法。     

阴道斜隔综合征的MR影像特征

目的探讨阴道斜隔综合征(Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich综合征)的MR影像特征及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析经宫腔镜、腹腔镜及手术证实的14例先天性阴道斜隔病人的MRI影像和临床资料,依据美国生育学会(AFS)阴道发育异常分类对阴道斜隔综合征进行影像学诊断及分型。结果本研究确诊阴道斜隔综合征14例,其中2例为阴道斜隔Ⅱ型,其他均为阴道斜隔Ⅰ型。MRI均表现为双子宫、双宫颈畸形,且同时合并有患侧肾脏缺如,患侧宫颈与其相通的阴道积血、扩张,T_1WI呈高信号,T_2WI呈低或混杂信号。结论阴道斜隔综合征的MRI影像表现有一定特征,MRI能更准确地评估其类型及相关并发症并做出客观诊断,可作为术前影像评估的最佳有效的检查方法。     

纵隔子宫的磁共振诊断

目的 探讨磁共振对纵隔子宫的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析30例磁共振诊断为纵隔子宫的MRI、超声及临床资料,结果与宫腔镜检查结果对照.结果 MRI诊断结果与宫腔镜检查结果相符29例,其中完全纵隔子宫14例,不完全纵隔子宫15例.MRI诊断纵隔子宫的准确率为96.67%.结论 MRI可以直观显示宫腔结构和宫底外观形态,且能获得精确的量化分析结果,是纵隔子宫定性和定量诊断的最佳无创性检查方法之一.     

阴道斜隔综合征的M RI影像表现

目的：通过MR成像对罕见阴道斜隔综合征进行全面的认识。方法回顾性分析7例阴道斜隔综合征患者（6例为青少年,1例为流产孕妇）,均行常规MRI（横断面T1WI、T2WI ,冠状面T2WI）及增强扫描。结果7例阴道斜隔综合征,MR主要表现如下：双子宫、双宫颈畸形7例;右侧斜隔5例、均合并右肾缺如,其中2例伴右侧盲端输尿管异位开口、1例子宫内膜异位膀胱后壁;左侧斜隔2例,1例左肾缺如、1例右侧盆腔异位肾;斜隔侧隔后腔积血5例,隔后腔内混杂性血性肿块1例（流产孕妇）,斜隔侧阴道扩张积液1例（误诊术后病例）;对侧阴道积液2例,阴道少许积血3例,阴道正常2例（1例误诊术后病例,1例流产孕妇）。结论阴道斜隔综合征是一种泌尿生殖系统发育畸形,M RI检查不仅较直观地显示双子宫畸形、斜隔侧隔后腔积血以及同侧肾缺如等常见情况,而且在发现异位肾、盲端输尿管异位开口以及子宫内膜异位膀胱后壁等罕见情况也具有明显的优势。     

MRI在女性生殖道先天发育异常诊断中的应用

目的：探讨 MRI 在女性生殖道先天发育异常(FGTCA)诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析经宫腹腔镜及手术证实的36例 FGTCA 患者的 MRI 资料,参照 ESHRE/ESGE 分类共识对各种发育异常进行影像学诊断及分型。结果依据子宫发育异常的主分类及其亚分类发现：U0类正常子宫3例,U1类异形子宫2例,U2类纵隔子宫16例,U3类双体子宫7例,U4类半子宫3例,U5类发育不全子宫5例；宫颈发育异常中：C0亚类正常宫颈13例,C1亚类纵隔宫颈9例,C2亚类双宫颈4例,C3亚类单侧宫颈发育不全4例,C4亚类宫颈发育不全6例；阴道发育异常：V0亚类正常阴道15例,V1亚类非梗阻性阴道纵隔6例,V2亚类梗阻性阴道纵隔4例,V3亚类阴道横隔和(或)处女膜闭锁7例,V4亚类阴道发育不全4例。结论MRI 可对 FGTCA 进行客观评价与准确诊断,可以作为 FGTCA 的有效检查手段。     

阴道斜隔综合征的影像学特征及诊断价值

目的 探讨阴道斜隔综合征的影像学表现及其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析13例阴道斜隔综合征患者的临床及影像学资料并复习相关文献.13例术前均行超声检查,其中8例行MRI检查,并行CT检查3例.分析斜隔的位置,隔后腔的大小,隔后腔与宫颈的位置关系,双侧附件及泌尿系的伴发改变.结果 超声、MRI检查均表现为双子宫、双宫颈、双阴道且一侧阴道闭锁,斜隔起于两侧宫颈之间,斜行附着于一侧阴道壁,遮蔽该侧宫颈;斜隔位于右侧4例,左侧9例;6例 Ⅰ 型隔后腔容积平均为255 mL,6例Ⅱ型隔后腔容积平均为74 mL,1例Ⅲ型隔后腔容积为56 mL;合并斜隔侧输卵积血2例,合并斜隔侧卵巢巧克力囊肿1例;伴斜隔侧肾缺如12例,伴斜隔侧肾发育不全1例.3例CT检查均表现为双子宫、双宫颈,一侧宫颈下方囊状低密度影及同侧肾缺如.结论 阴道斜隔综合征的影像学表现颇具特征性.超声、CT和MRI对准确诊断有一定价值.     

MR evaluation of uterine anomalies

The MR features of uterine anomalies were analyzed in eight women. Scans were done on a 1.5-T magnet with T1-weighted (TR 600 msec, TE 25 msec) and T2-weighted (TR 2000-2500 msec, TE 35-80 msec) spin-echo images obtained in several planes. The anomalies consisted of bicornuate uterus (three cases), septate uterus (one case), bicornuate uterus with septation (two cases), unicornuate uterus (one case), and uterus didelphys with vaginal septum (one case). These diagnoses were confirmed by hysterosalpingography with laparoscopy (five cases), dilation and curettage with laparoscopy (one case), or cesarean section (two cases). In six of the eight cases, MR correctly identified and accurately classified the type of anomaly. In the other two cases, the MR diagnosis was a bicornuate uterus with septation. One case proved to be a uterus didelphys with vaginal septum, and the other a bicornuate uterus without septation. The study shows that MR is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of uterine anomalies.     

Imaging diagnosis of congenital uterine malformation.

Congenital anomaly of the female reproductive system is associated with higher rate of infertility, spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, premature birth and postpartum bleed. Because of the variable clinical pictures of obstruction of menstrual flow in adolescence to hypomenorrhea, vaginal discharge, dyspareunia, and fertility problems in adult life, early and accurate diagnosis is difficult. Complete uterine and vaginal septum can be easily confused with uterus didelphys. Management of these two müllerian duct anomalies is different. With improved treatment methods for complete relief of symptoms and prevention of further sequelae, comprehensive evaluation is important to identify the underlying problem and formulate appropriate therapeutic plan. The embryology, classification, and clinical presentation of uterine malformation, advantages and limitations of diagnostic methods including hysterosalpingogram, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, laparoscopy, and hysteroscopy are discussed. The imaging features of different types of uterine anomalies are illustrated.     

Communicating bicornuate uterus with double cervix and septate vagina: an uncommon malformation diagnosed with MR imaging

We report a case of communicating uterus diagnosed with MRI. These uterine malformations are characterized by a communicating tract between two separate uterocervical cavities, which is usually detected with hysterosalpingography performed for a suspected uterine malformation. In our patient MRI was performed after the clinical finding of a double cervix and a vaginal septum and demonstrated two separate uterine cavities, each of them with its own junctional area, and an isthmian transverse communicating tract with endometrial tissue inside, which helped make the diagnosis of a type-4 a communicating uterus according to Toaff. Received 20 July 1995; Revision received 26 April 1996; Accepted 30 April 1996     

Association of renal agenesis and mullerian duct anomalies

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to determine the association of renal agenesis with the different types of mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs). METHOD: A 5 year retrospective review of MR records identified 57 patients with MDAs. Associated renal anomalies were correlated with the various types of MDAs. RESULTS: Renal agenesis was found in 17 (29.8%) of 57 patients. No other renal anomalies were identified. Renal agenesis was more frequent in patients with uterus didelphys (13/16 cases). Renal agenesis was also seen in patients with uterine agenesis (2/5 cases) and unicornuate uterus (2/7 cases). All 11 cases of obstructed uterus didelphys were associated with renal agenesis ipsilateral to the side of the obstructing transverse hemivaginal septum. CONCLUSION: Renal agenesis is more commonly seen in uterus didelphys than in other types of MDAs. Renal agenesis in patients with uterus didelphys is often ipsilateral to an obstructing, transverse, hemivaginal septum.     

OHVIRA syndrome presenting with acute abdomen: a case report and review of the literature

Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA) or Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome is a rare congenital urogenital anomaly. A 13-year-old female presented with acute abdominal pain and dysmenorrhea. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging showed uterus didelphys, hematometrocolpos, obstructed hemivagina, and right renal agenesis. Hemivaginal septal resection and anastomosis between the obstructed hemivagina and the normal vagina was tried, but it was not possible. Unilateral hysterectomy was performed. HWW syndrome may present with acute abdomen and is usually treated with vaginal septum resection and drainage of the hematometrocolpos.     

Congenital bladder exstrophy with uterine didelphys and prolapse of both uterine horns: a case report

Congenital pelvic anomalies include disorders of both the urinary and reproductive tracts. These disorders often coexist due to the overlapping embryological development of both systems. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool for characterization of the reproductive tract and can play an important role in the preoperative evaluation of patients with known bladder exstrophy. Accurate delineation of reproductive tract anomalies is critical as it can influence the surgical approach and can have implications for fertility. Here, we present a case of a 50-year-old female with uterine didelphys and congenital bladder exstrophy, which is an uncommon association. Our case is unique as the MR appearance of bladder exstrophy with concurrent uterine didelphys has not been reported. Additionally, this represents the first reported example of congenital herniation of both horns of the didelphys uterus through the mons pubis in the setting of bladder exstrophy.     

The Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome – A case report with radiological review

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly of female urogenital tract involving combined mullerian duct anomalies and mesonephric duct malformation characterized by uterus didelphys, obstructed hemi-vagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis which is also known as OHVIRA syndrome. It can be classified based on a completely or incompletely obstructed hemivagina. It presents soon after menarche or shows delayed presentation depending on the type. The most common presentation is lower abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, and abdominal mass in the lower abdomen secondary to hematometra or hematocolpos. We present a 15-year-old unmarried patient with an unusual case of OHVIRA syndrome suffering from dysmenorrhea and painful mass in suprapubic region. We described the role of imaging modalities in diagnosis of the Herlyn-Werner Wunderlich syndrome with a review of literature. On USG and MRI, she had right renal agenesis with compensatory hypertrophy of the left kidney, didelphic uterus with an obstructed hemi-vagina on right side which led to marked distention of ipsilateral cervix and proximal vagina in the form of hematometrocolpos. OHVIRA syndrome can present early or late, depending on the type. In patients with uterine and vaginal abnormalities, a work-up for associated renal anomalies should be performed. The choice imaging modalities for the diagnosis of OHVIRA syndrome are ultrasound and MRI. Knowing the imaging findings of this rare condition is crucial for early diagnosis in order to prevent complications which may lead to endometriosis and infertility.