二尖瓣狭窄的球囊扩张术

二尖瓣狭窄的球囊扩张术山东省立医院（２５００２１）朱兴雷经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术（ＰＢＭＶ）因其创伤小，深受欢迎。本技术１９８４年由日本Ｉｎｏｕｅ用于临床，１９８５年Ｌｏｃｋ应用聚乙烯球囊导管成功地扩张了狭窄的二尖瓣。我国于１９８５年引进日本Ｉｎｏｕｅ技...     

经皮球囊扩张术后即刻电复律治疗二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动的临床疗效

1 资料与方法 :32例接受经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV术 )的二尖瓣狭窄 (MS)伴心房颤动 (Af)患者 ,女 19例 ,男 13例 ,年龄 ( 32 5± 6 1)岁 ,风湿性心脏病史 2～ 10年 ,Af平均 2 2年 ,一般≤ 3 5年 ;心功能 (NYHA)Ⅰ级 2 2例 ,Ⅱ级 10例 ;单纯二尖瓣狭窄 2 6例 ,合并轻度二尖瓣关闭不全和 (或 )轻度主动脉瓣关闭不全 6例 ;胸前超声心动图对二尖瓣病变Wilkin′s法评分在 7～ 11分 ,食管超声心动图排除左房血栓 ;对照组 2 6例MS伴Af的Wilkin′s评分与复律组一样。两组PBMV术均采用改良Inove单球囊扩张法。术前、后 4 8～ 72h分别测…     

经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术治疗二尖瓣狭窄伴中度返流

目的　探讨经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术 (PBMV)治疗二尖瓣狭窄 (MS)伴中度二尖瓣返流(MR)的近、远期疗效。方法　采用自制二尖瓣球囊导管治疗MS伴中度MR患者 6 2例 ,其中二尖瓣膜明显增厚、钙化者 7例 ,对左室最大前后径、二尖瓣口面积、左房平均压、二尖瓣跨瓣压差及心功能(NYHA分级 )等主要指标随访观察 12～ 36个月。结果　术后二尖瓣口面积明显增大 [(0 83± 0 18)cm2 比 (1 86± 0 2 4 )cm2 ,P <0 0 1],左房平均压 [(32± 8)mmHg比 (13± 8)mmHg ,P <0 0 1,1mmHg=0 133kPa]及二尖瓣跨瓣压差 [(18± 9)mmHg比 (5± 3)mmHg ,P <0 0 1]明显降低 ,心功能明显改善 [(2 81± 0 2 4 )级比 (1 4 6± 0 37)级 ,P <0 0 1],左室最大前后径无显著改变 [(4 5± 4 )mm比 (4 6± 4 )mm ,P >0 0 5 ]。对左室最大前后径、二尖瓣口面积及心功能等指标随访观察 12～ 36个月均无明显改变。结论　选择合适病例 ,严格把握球囊扩张终点 ,风湿性二尖瓣狭窄并中度返流患者PBMV的近、远期疗效显著。     

改良二尖瓣球囊扩张术治疗重度二尖瓣狭窄6例临床分析

经皮球囊导管二尖瓣成形术（percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty，PBMV）是对风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄（mitral stenosis，MS）的一种较为成熟的介入诊疗技术，而实际操作中往往有部分患者因瓣口面积太小而致使球囊导管难以过瓣，     

重度二尖瓣狭窄合并左心耳血栓患者的球囊扩张术

目的　评价经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术 (PBMV)治疗重度二尖瓣狭窄合并左心耳血栓的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法　选择经华法令抗凝治疗 12周以上的重度二尖瓣狭窄合并左心耳部位血栓患者 11例 ,男性 2例 ,女性 9例 ,年龄 2 5～ 6 2岁 ,平均 (40 6± 5 7)岁。采用Inoue单球囊技术行PBMV。术后随访 1年以上 ,观察术中及随访期间有无体循环血栓栓塞并发症。结果　手术成功率10 0 % ,术中及随访期间无 1例发生血栓栓塞并发症。术后即刻及随访期间血流动力学及心功能明显改善。结论　对于经适当的华法令抗凝治疗后的重度二尖瓣狭窄合并左心耳血栓的患者 ,PBMV不仅安全可行而且可取得满意的疗效。     

经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术的疗效评价

经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术的疗效评价杜修海１张明旭１张卫泽１胡静泠１王艳春１马茂儒２李志玫２（１兰州军区总医院心内科兰州７３００５０２乌鲁木齐总医院心肾科）关键词二尖瓣狭窄二尖瓣球囊扩张术经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术（ＰＢＭＶ）是治疗风湿性心脏病（以下简称风心病）...     

经皮二尖瓣狭窄球囊扩张术后心功能的超声评价

目的探讨经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术（PBMV）治疗非单纯性二尖瓣狭窄（MS）的效果。方法使用超声心动图检测65例单纯性MS，MS合并轻、中度二尖瓣关闭不全（MR）和MS合并轻、中度主动脉瓣关闭不全（AR），3组患者PBMV术前及术后复查时，左室射血分数（LVEF）值和心脏房、室内径大小变化。结果3组PBMV后复查LVEF值较术前明显增大（P〈0．01）；左室内径与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；单纯性MS组和MS合并轻、中度AR组PBMV术后复查时左房内径比术前明显减小（P〈0．05）；MS合并轻、中度MR组PBMV术后左房内径与术前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论非单纯性MS患者PBMV术后心功能有明显好转。     

风心病二尖瓣狭窄球囊扩张术后房颤转复临床分析

心房纤颤是风心病二尖瓣病变最常见的并发症,二尖瓣球囊扩张术后,房颤转为窦性心律,可改善心功能,减少血栓形成及栓塞并发症。我们现将1992年～1998年间二尖瓣球囊扩张术后房颤转复56例患者做一综合分析。报告如下: 临床资料 一、一般资料:56例均为风心病二尖瓣狭窄球囊扩张术患者,男性22例,女性34例;年龄23岁～49岁(平均39.1岁)。风心病史1年～25年(平均     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动二尖瓣球囊扩张术疗效评价

对26例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤额（房颤二狭）与同期31例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄无房颤（窦律二狭）患者PBMV术后及随访结果进行比较，结果显示：虽然房颤二狭具有血栓发生率高、左房前后径大、瓣膜超声评分高等特殊性，但只要术前抗凝准备充分，操作仔细，房颤二狭接受PBMV治疗与窦律二狭一样具有良好的安全性和临床效果。     

二尖瓣球囊扩张术治疗二尖瓣狭窄合并顽固性大咯血一例

患者男 ,2 4岁 ,因反复胸闷、气短 10个月 ,咯血 5d入院。入院查体 :休克体征 ,贫血外观 ,心尖部可闻及重度舒张期隆隆样杂音及III/ 6级收缩期吹风样杂音 ,余无阳性体征。经心脏彩超等检查后诊断为风湿性二尖瓣重度狭窄 (MS)合并轻度关闭不全。入院后经用镇静剂、利尿剂、止血剂及抗休克等处理 ,仍咯鲜血不止 ,且生命体征极不稳定。遂于 2d后行急诊二尖瓣球囊扩张术 (PBMV)。术中未给肝素以防咯血加重造成窒息。手术操作时间仅 16min。术后舒张期杂音明显减弱 ,左房压由 2 8mmHg(1mmHg =0 133kPa)降至 7mmHg。术后咯血停止 ,第 3天出…     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣狭窄合并房颤的疗效

目的　对二尖瓣狭窄 (MS)合并房颤 (Af)患者经皮球囊二尖瓣成形成术 (PBMV)后 3～ 11年的随防资料作回顾性分析 ,以探讨该方法在MS合并房颤 (Af)患者中的中远期疗效及其影响因素。方法　对 1992年 10月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月在我院行PBMV治疗的 60 0例MS患者的资料作回顾性研究 ,合并Af者 2 75例 (Ⅰ组 ) ,其余 3 2 5例为窦性心律者 (Ⅱ组 ) ,随防时间 3年～ 11年 ,平均 ( 5 .3± 3 .9)年。结果　Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较 ,中远期再狭窄率分别为 3 2 .3 %和 10 % ,需要药物治疗的心功能不全分别为 2 7%和 3 .6% ,死亡率分别为 1.8%和 0 .9% ,改行开胸换瓣或再次PBMV分别为 8.8%和 1.3 5 % ,脑栓塞分别为 2 .6%和 0 .45 %。结论　PBMV对MS合并Af患者的治疗中远期疗较窦性心律者差 ;总的并发症不高 ,疗效较好 ,预防并发症的发生及取得远期良好疗效的关键是病例选择     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣狭窄合并房颤的近期与远期疗效

目的　探讨经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术 (PBMV)在二尖瓣狭窄 (MS)合并心房颤动 (Af)患者中的疗效与安全性。方法　观察 12 5例MS合并Af患者 (Ⅰ组 )与 2 2 5例MS伴窦性心律患者 (Ⅱ组 )的PBMV成功率、PBMV后血流动力学与超声心动图指标改变、远期随访结果及并发症情况。结果　(1)两组成功率分别为 96 %(12 0 12 5 )和 99 6 %(2 2 4 2 2 5 ) (P <0 0 5 )。 (2 )PBMV后即刻两组左心房压力与肺动脉压力均明显下降 (P均 <0 0 0 1) ,Ⅰ组前者降值 <Ⅱ组 (P <0 0 5 )。 (3)PBMV后近期两组二尖瓣口面积 (MVA)明显增大 (P均 <0 0 0 1) ,组间无差异 ;两组左心房内径 (LAD)明显下降 (P均 <0 0 0 1) ,Ⅰ组下降值 <Ⅱ组。 (4)远期随访两组再狭窄率分别为 17 0 %(8 4 7)和 6 9%(4 5 8) (P <0 0 5 ) ;两组死亡率分别为 4 1%(2 4 9)和 1 7%(1 5 9) (P <0 0 5 ) ;两组MVA与LAD均仍较术前明显改善 ,但Ⅰ组较Ⅱ组差 ,且Ⅰ组MVA较术后近期结果缩小 (P <0 0 5 )。 (5 )两组并发症发生率分别为16 8%及 10 7%,组间差异无显著性 ,但 5例体循环栓塞者均发生于Ⅰ组。结论　PBMV在MS合并Af者中成功率高 ,再狭窄率低 ,疗效确切 ,但较窦性心律组差 ,需注意防止体循环栓塞 ,故对合并Af者更应严格病例选     

Impaired fibrinolytic capacity in rheumatic mitral stenosis with or without atrial fibrillation and nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation

Chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) has often been associated with systemic embolization, and patients with mitral stenosis (MS) have the highest thromboembolic risk. Increased risk of thromboembolism could be in part due to impaired fibrinolytic function. Global fibrinolytic capacity (GFC) is an innovative technique for evaluating the entire fibrinolytic system.The aim of our study was to evaluate fibrinolytic activity in patients with rheumatic and nonrheumatic chronic AE To investigate fibrinolytic activity, we assessed GFC in peripheral blood samples of 32 patients with nonrheumatic AF (14 women; mean age, 56 +/- 1 years), 30 patients with rheumatic MS and AF (23 women; mean age, 35 +/- 9 years), and 32 patients with rheumatic MS and sinus rhythm (24 women; mean age, 36 +/- 8 years). The control group comprised 30 healthy adult subjects in normal sinus rhythm. Patients with chronic AF (rheumatic and nonrheumatic) had lower GFC than did the controls (P = .0001). The rheumatic AF group also showed decreased levels of GFC compared with the nonrheumatic AF group, with the rheumatic MS and sinus rhythm group, and with controls (P = .03, P = .02, P = .0001, respectively). GFC was lower in patients with rheumatic MS and sinus rhythm than in controls (P = .003). Although there were correlations between GFC and mitral valve area, transmitral mean gradient, left atrial diameter, and mitral calcification in patients with rheumatic MS, multivariate analysis showed only transmitral gradient as an independent factor affecting GFC. Patients with AF have decreased GFC, a finding that suggests the presence of a hypofibrinolytic state. Fibrinolytic dysfunction was more pronounced in rheumatic MS patients with AF than in those with nonrheumatic AF. Moreover, patients with rheumatic MS and sinus rhythm had decreased global fibrinolytic activity. Hypofibrinolysis documented by decreased GFC can be one of the important causes of increased risk of embolism in patients with AF and rheumatic MS.     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动患者血栓前状态的研究

目的 :观察风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动 (房颤 )的血栓前状态。方法 :使用酶联免疫法和凝固法测量 2 4例风湿性心脏病 (风心病 )伴窦性心律患者 (窦律组 )、2 5例风心病伴房颤患者 (房颤组 )和 2 0例对照者 (对照组 )的外周血浆因子Ⅷ相关抗原 (VWFAg)、血小板α颗粒膜蛋白 14 0 (GMP 14 0 )、D 二聚体 (D dimer)和纤维蛋白原 (Fg)的水平变化 ,进行统计学分析。 结果 :与对照组比 ,窦律组血浆VWFAg、D dimer和Fg水平均显著升高(P <0 .0 5 ) ,而血浆GMP 14 0水平无显著性改变 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;房颤组血浆GMP 14 0、D dimer和Fg水平也明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。房颤组与窦律组相比血浆GMP 14 0、VWFAg、D dimer水平更高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而Fg水平在二者之间无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴房颤患者外周血存在血栓前状态。     

风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动左心房凝血功能异常的研究

目的 研究风湿性心脏病（风心病）伴心房颤动（房颤）患者左心房局部凝血活性的改变，探讨风心病患者左心房血栓形成的机制。方法 测定２２例风心病伴房颤患者，１５例风心病窦性心律患者，以及１２例同穿空间隔行射频消融的无明显心脏结构和功能异常患者的左心房、右心房、股静脉和股动脉的血浆抗凝血酶Ⅲ（ＡＴⅢ）含量和血粘度，进行不同部位的自身对比和同一部位的组间比较，并将风心病患者左心房ＡＴⅢ含量和左心房云雾影（Ｌ     

A randomized placebo-controlled trial with amiodarone for persistent atrial fibrillation in rheumatic mitral stenosis after successful balloon mitral valvuloplasty

ObjectiveAtrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). This study was conducted to determine the maintenance of sinus rhythm with amiodarone therapy following DC cardioversion (DCCV), early after successful balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV).MethodsPatients were randomized to amiodarone group and placebo group and their baseline characteristics were recorded. DCCV was done 48 h after BMV. After cardioversion, oral amiodarone was started initially 200 mg three times a day for 2 weeks, then 200 mg twice daily for two weeks followed by 200 mg once daily for 12 months. Patients in placebo group received DCCV alone without preloading amiodarone. After DCCV, they were given placebo for 12 months.ResultsThe 3 months follow-up period was completed by 77 patients (95%). Of them, 31 (77.5%) patients in amiodarone group and 14 (34.1%) in placebo group remained in sinus rhythm (SR). The 12 months follow-up period was completed by 73 patients (90.1%). Of them, 22 (55%) patients in amiodarone group and 7 (17.1%) in placebo group remained in SR.ConclusionWe conclude that amiodarone is more effective than placebo in maintenance of SR at the end of 3 months following successful cardioversion and more patients continued to remain in SR even at the end of 12 months without major serious adverse effects.     

Mechanics of percutaneous balloon valvotomy for mitral valvular stenosis

Summary The present study was performed to measure and calculate the mechanical force of percutaneous balloon valvotomy (PBV) for mitral valvular stenosis, using an equation pertaining to the mechanical force of the balloon needed to dilate the stenotic mitral valve. In case 1, the diameter of the mitral valve was enlarged by PBV from 1.43 cm to 2.40 cm and, in case 2, from 1.76 cm to 2.42 cm, with a mechanical force of 321 g and 436 g, respectively, following the equation.     

二尖瓣狭窄伴房颤球囊扩张术术前抗凝及术后复律探讨

对 2 6例二尖瓣狭窄 (MS)合并心房颤动 (Af)患者 ,在行经皮球囊二尖瓣扩张术 (PBMV)前给大剂量肝素短程抗凝 ,并对其中 1 9例在术后即给予同步直流电复律。结果　二尖瓣口面积 (MVA)由 0 92± 0 2cm2 扩大至 1 95± 0 3 7cm2 ,左房平均压 (LAP)由 3 1 2± 1 2 7kPa降至 1 4 2± 0 85kPa,而左房内径 (LAD)由 52 7± 8 1mm缩小至 4 2 5± 5 9mm。 2 6例均无血栓栓塞并发症及出血并发症 ;1 9例术后即刻行同步电复律者 1 5例 ( 78 9% )复律成功。     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤患者在经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后的心房纤颤电复律治疗(附538例报告)

探讨风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤颤（房颤）球囊二尖瓣成形术（PBMV）后房颤复律治疗的方法及复律后影响维持窦性心律的因素。方法：PBMV术后4～6周仍不能转复为窦性心律的房颤患者538例进行电复律治疗，转复后随诊3～6个月，动态观察房颤复发情况。结果：538例行体表电复律者，恢复窦性心律。