包皮横行岛状皮瓣尿道成形术治疗先天性尿道下裂

目的探讨改良包皮横行岛状皮瓣术(transverse preputial tubularized island flap,TPIF)治疗先天性尿道下裂的方法和效果。方法对77例不同类型的先天性尿道下裂采用改良TPIF进行治疗。结果77例中一次手术成功73例,3例术后发生尿瘘,1例术后再次出现阴茎下屈。随访1至6年,阴茎外观和排尿功能均满意。结论改良包皮横行岛状皮瓣术是先天性尿道下裂较为理想的手术方式,术后外观和功能均令人满意。     

Results of single-stage repair of distal hypospadias using the King modification

From 1975 to 1986 34 patients undergoing repair of distal hypospadias between the age of 2 and 11 were explored. Standard method of the one-stage correction of distal hypospadias without or with moderate chordee was the operative technique according to the modification of King. After rolling the urethral groove into a tube the neourethra is covered with an asymmetrical part of dorsal hood. Thus the operative aims such as nonproblematic micturition, normal cohabitation and ejaculation and a good cosmetic result, avoiding psychological problems, can be obtained. The total complication rate was 23.4%; the correction of urethral fistulas in two layers as ambulatory operations was nonproblematic. By using Silastic foam the incidence of postoperative edema could be reduced significantly.     

带蒂帽状包皮瓣尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂

总结近８年来应用带蒂帽状包皮纵形皮瓣成形尿道治疗尿道下裂５８例的体会并评价其疗效。本组阴茎体型３０例，阴茎阴囊型２０例，会阴型８例。年龄２个月～１０岁，平均３．４岁。所有病例术后１～２个月复查一次，其中２５例得到１～７年的随访。结果：８例术后有尿瘘，１例尿道口瘢痕狭窄，１例尿道憩室。一次手术成功率８２７％。认为该术式与Ｄｕｐｌａｙ术式联合应用可治疗重症尿道下裂，不必作膀胱造瘘转流尿液，仅需成形尿道内置多孔短支架管，既不影响伤口愈合，又有利于尿道的自我冲洗，避免了感染，疗效满意     

Transverse preputial onlay island flap urethroplasty for single-stage correction of proximal hypospadias

Aims and objectives

Transverse preputial onlay island flap urethroplasty (TPOIF) was described initially for distal hypospadias, but has seen extended application for proximal hypospadias. We describe a set of modifications in the technique and results in a large series of proximal hypospadias.

Materials and methods

All children who underwent TPOIF repair for proximal hypospadias (proximal penile, penoscrotal and scrotal) from June 2006 to June 2013 by a single surgeon were prospectively followed till June, 2014. A standard technique and postoperative protocol were followed. Salient points to be emphasized in the technique: (1) dissection of the dartos pedicle till penopubic junction to prevent penile torsion, (2) incorporation of the spongiosum in the urethroplasty, (3) midline urethral plate incision in glans (hinging the plate), (4) Dartos blanket cover on whole urethroplasty.

Results

Out of 136 children with proximal hypospadias, 92 children who underwent TPOIF formed the study group. Out of 92 children, 48 (52 %) children required a tunica albuginea plication for chordee correction. In total, 16 (17 %) patients developed 24 complications and 11 children (12 %) required second surgeries: fistula closure in 7 (with meatoplasty in 5), glansplasty for glans dehiscence in 2 and excision of diverticulum in 2. Two children required a third surgery. Only 5 children had a noticeable penile torsion (less than 30 degree), and 7 had a patulous meatus.

Conclusions

Transverse preputial onlay island flap urethroplasty can deliver reliable cosmetic and functional outcomes in proximal hypospadias.

     

Microsurgical one-stage repair of hypospadias with a rectangular transverse dorsal preputial vascularized skin flap

A microsurgical technique for one-stage repair of hypospadias using a rectangular transverse dorsal preputial island skin flap is presented. The use of optical magnification, atraumatic technique, and microsurgical instruments allows a vascularized preputial skin flap to be raised and isolated on the dorsum of the penis and then rotated ventrally and tubulized into a neourethral channel. The meatus of the new urethral channel lies at the tip of the glans. Cover for the penis is simply obtained and does not require a longitudinal row of sutures. The need to remove the distal stenotic portion of the urethra and to correct any degree of chordee is outlined and emphasized. Good cosmetic and functional results demonstrate the efficacy of such a technique.     

One-stage repair of moderately severe hypospadias using a transverse preputial tubularized island flap

BACKGROUND: Transverse preputial tubularized island flap (TPTIF) urethroplasty has been used for the repair of moderately severe hypospadias since Duckett described the procedure in 1980. In spite of the excellent results reported by Duckett, subsequent studies showed high complication rates. A TPTIF procedure modified to reduce the complication rate is presented. METHODS: Between 1996 and 1997, 13 boys with moderately severe hypospadias were repaired with the TPTIF procedure. Patient age ranged from 10 months to 3 years with an average age of 23 months. To prevent urethrocutaneous fistula, the neourethra was constructed with a two-layer closure and the portion of anastomosis was wrapped between the native urethra and the neourethra with the tissue of the corpus spongiosum. RESULTS: The moderately severe hypospadias was repaired without complication in 12 of 13 patients. A urethrocutaneous fistula developed at the midshaft of the penis in one patient. No meatal stenosis, urethral stricture or diverticulum developed. CONCLUSION: Transverse preputial tubularized island flap urethroplasty provided excellent cosmetic and functional results for moderately severe hypospadias, and postoperative complications could be decreased by the two-layer closure of the neourethra and application of the wrapping technique of the proximal anastomosed portion with corpus spongiosum tissue.     

带蒂皮管正位尿道口一期尿道下裂修复术

自１９８４年４月利用包皮或阴囊正中带蒂皮管一期修复尿道下裂２９例，采用梭形切除阴茎腹侧增厚的白膜外层３～５处的方法纠正切除纤维索条后仍存在的阴茎下弯。用隧道法或阴茎头成形术使尿道口达正常位并纠正阴茎头下垂等畸形。阴茎下弯和阴茎头下垂矫正满意。仅４例合并小尿瘘，经修补治愈。随访２～５年，阴茎直立，排尿通畅，无尿道回缩。     

包皮内板游离移植耦合包皮岛状瓣治疗阴茎型尿道下裂

目的探索一种新的尿道下裂手术方法。方法应用包皮内板游离移植，耦合包皮岛状皮瓣再造尿道冶疗阴茎型尿道下裂。结果2002年10月至2004年3月共治疗10例阴茎型尿道下裂患者，术后随访1年，效果满意，再造尿道形态逼真，无一例发生尿瘘、尿道狭窄等并发症。结论本法综合运用了皮片、皮瓣移植的优点，手术方法简单，成功率高，是一种较理想的阴茎型尿道下裂修复方法。     

Operative techniques and long-term outcomes of hypospadias repair in the absence of preputial skin after neonatal circumcision

PurposeTo present the results of hypospadias repair in the absence of preputial skin following neonatal circumcision, and the analyses of surgical techniques and predictors of procedural success.MethodsRecords of all children who underwent hypospadias repair between 10/1999 and 12/2018 were retrospectively reviewed. All of those who underwent neonatal circumcision prior to surgery were included. Patients with any prior penile reconstruction surgery and those with the megameatus intact prepuce variant were excluded. The primary endpoint was the need for reoperation.ResultsA total of 69 patients with a history of neonatal circumcision underwent surgical reconstruction of hypospadias during the study period. Their mean age at surgery was 14 months (interquartile range [IQR] 9,22). Forty-five cases (65%) involved distal hypospadias, and ventral curvature was present in 24 (35%). Dartos flaps were harvested from the dorsal aspect in 37/58 (64%) patients and from the ventral aspect in 21/58 (36%). Twenty-two patients (22/69, 32%) required reoperation after a median follow-up of 9 years (IQR 6,13). Indications for revision surgery included urethral fistula (n = 16, 22%), meatal stenosis (n = 5, 7%), and skin redundancy (n = 1). Ventral curvature (odds ratio [OR] 3.5, p = 0.02) and higher grades of hypospadias. (OR 3.3, p = 0.03) had a higher probability of reoperation (univariate logistic regression).ConclusionHypospadias repair following neonatal circumcision in the absence of preputial skin is a challenging reconstruction. The reoperation rate in our cohort was 30%, similar to reoperative hypospadias surgery. Parents of newborns diagnosed with hypospadias should be encouraged to refrain from pre surgical neonatal circumcision.Level of evidenceTreatment study, level IV     

带蒂联合包皮瓣Ⅰ期修复尿道下裂

目的 探讨带蒂联合包皮瓣Ⅰ期修复尿道下裂的优点.方法 回顾分析采用带蒂联合包皮内外板皮瓣法Ⅰ期尿道下裂成形术54例的临床疗效.结果 术后一次成功43例,8例发生尿瘘,5例自愈,3例再次手术而愈,另有3例尿道狭窄,扩张后痊愈.结论 采用带蒂联合包皮内外板皮瓣法治疗尿道下裂,取材方便、易成活、并发症少、疗效确切,便于临床应用和推广.     

One-stage repair of hypospadias using split preputial flaps (Harris). The first 100 patients treated

An analysis is presented of the outcome in the first 100 patients treated by a new technique for the repair of hypospadias and congenital short urethra associated with chordee. Further reconstructive surgery was required in 24 patients. The effect of the position of the meatus, the length of the reconstructed urethra and the method of urinary drainage are analysed. Minor complications are described. A significantly higher complication rate was associated with a perurethral than with a suprapubic catheter; 5 of the 38 patients in whom a suprapubic catheter was used developed complications requiring reconstructive surgery. Possible causes of the complications are discussed and the results compared with those of other methods. It was concluded that this is a satisfactory method of repair for hypospadias associated with chordee.     

改良Mathieu手术在尿道下裂再次修复中的应用

目的:总结改良Mathieu手术在尿道下裂再次修复中的治疗经验。方法:应用改良Mathieu手术治疗尿道下裂失败病例24例。患儿年龄3¹2岁,平均4.5岁。20例为第2次手术,4例为第3次手术。其中大型的冠状沟尿瘘13例,尿道外口退缩5例,前段尿道崩裂6例。手术改良包括尿道后壁正中纵切、阴茎背侧血管神经束下方紧缩海绵体白膜、双层带血管蒂肉膜组织覆盖等技术。结果:24例中19例手术一次成功,阴茎伸直良好,外形美观,排尿正常,成功率79.2%(19/24)。尿瘘4例,1例自愈,3例行尿瘘修补痊愈。尿道外口狭窄1例,行尿道外口扩大整形治愈。无尿道狭窄及尿道憩室病例。术后行尿道镜检2例,未发现尿道后壁正中纵切处瘢痕增生。结论:改良Mathieu手术适用3种情况的尿道下裂失败病例,即大型的冠状沟尿瘘、尿道外口退缩和前段尿道崩裂。手术改良包括尿道后壁正中纵切、阴茎背侧血管神经束下方紧缩海绵体白膜、双层带血管蒂肉膜组织覆盖等技术。     

纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣治疗尿道下裂44例报告

目的:总结近4年来应用纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂的临床经验,并评价其疗效.方法:本组44例患者中,阴茎型尿道下裂34例,阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂10例.均采用纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期尿道成形术,平均重建尿道长度2.8 cm.结果:一期手术成功率90.9%(40/44例),尿瘘9.1%(4/44例).所有患者术后1个月复查1次,随访3个月以上,阴茎外观及排尿均良好.结论:纵行带蒂岛状包皮瓣一期尿道成形术对伴有阴茎下曲、尿道板发育不好的阴茎型及阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂患者治疗效果良好,并发症少.     

自制尿道引流管在尿道下裂手术中的应用

目的观察自制尿道引流管在尿道下裂手术中的应用效果,探讨尿道下裂术后合适的引流方法。方法2001年1月至2006年1月,应用自制尿道引流管联合Foley导尿管引流修复74例尿道下裂,其中远端型尿道下裂(阴茎头、冠状沟、阴茎前1/3)22例,中段尿道下裂(阴茎中1/3)28例,近端型尿道下裂(阴茎阴囊交界、阴囊、会阴)10例,行一期尿道重建;尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄5例,尿道下裂术后尿瘘9例,行再次手术。结果74例患者术后获随访4个月~4年,3例拔导尿管后出现尿瘘,3例术后出现尿道狭窄,其中5例均已获二期手术治愈。其余67例一期治愈,无尿瘘和尿道狭窄发生。结论尿道引流管和Foley导尿管联合经尿道引流是一种尿道下裂术后有效、可行的引流方法。