第二肝门部肝癌切除合并主肝静脉结扎对门静脉压力的影响

探讨第二肝门部肝癌切除合并主肝静脉结扎对自由门静脉压力（ＦＰＰ）的影响。方法在肝切除术前将埋植式给药装置（ＩＤＤＳ）置入门静脉主干,并通过ＩＤＤＳ对１０例病人之肝切除前后及术后１、３、５、７、１４、２１、２８天的ＦＰＰ进行直接动态测量。结果全组病人肝切除后均发生ＦＰＰ升高,以术后３～７天最为显著,之后逐渐下降;ＦＰＰ升高的幅度与肝硬化程度、肝切除范围、主肝静脉结扎情况之间存在密切联系;３例术后ＦＰＰ≥３５ｃｍＨ２Ｏ病人中,２例并发上消化道出血。结论第二肝门部肝癌切除合并主肝静脉结扎将导致ＦＰＰ的一过性升高,ＦＰＰ的升高是术后消化道出血的重要因素。     

肝癌不同治疗方法对门静脉压力的影响

目的：观察肝癌不同治疗方法对门静脉压力（ＦＰＰ）的影响,并探讨FPP变化与肝癌术后早期上消化道出血之间的联系。方法:108例肝癌患者,分别行肝切除（n=74)肝动脉栓塞化疗（n=11) ,肝动脉结扎（n=3),肝动脉门静脉插管（n=14）,肿瘤内无水酒精注射（n=6)及术后肝动脉门静脉化疗（n=22),术中经胃网膜右静脉插管至门静脉主干,并将埋植式给药装置（IDDS）植于腹壁皮下,经IDDS分别测量治疗前、治疗后及术后1、3、5、7、14、21、28天之FPP。结果：除肝动脉门静脉手势管及肿瘤内无水酒精注射外,其余各种治疗方法术后FPP均出现一过性升高,以术后1－7天升高最为显著,之后逐渐缓慢下降;24例FPP≥35cmH2O者,16例并发术后早期上消化道出血之间存在密切联系,动态监测FPP变化有助于上消化道出血的防治。     

三联手术治疗小儿肝外门静脉高压

目的评价脾肺固定术 断流术 脾动脉结扎术治疗小儿门脉高压的疗效. 方法 1993年3月～1998年11月对7例确诊为门脉高压的患儿行三联手术治疗.测定手术前后白细胞、血小板计数和肝功能,脾动脉结扎前后游离门静脉压.术后随访2～8年,平均5.6年.记录上消化道出血的发生情况,并采用钡餐评定食管胃底静脉曲张的程度.B超测定脾脏和门静脉直径,以彩色多普勒血流显像测定门肺分流及门静脉血流,粘度计行血液流变学检测.结果本组无手术死亡.术后食管及胃底曲张静脉的出血被完全控制.白细胞及血小板计数恢复至正常水平,脾脏直径进行性缩小.静脉曲张趋于缓解,游离门静脉压由术前(42.62±6.72) cm H2O降至术后(34.48±5.71) cm H2O,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).门静脉血流量亦降低,其血流方向至肝;脾静脉血流方向至脾.术前全血粘滞度降低,术后恢复至正常水平. 结论三联手术可有效地控制肝外门脉高压由于静脉曲张导致的出血.     

肝静脉阻断技术在肝切除术中的应用

目的 探讨肝静脉阻断技术在复杂肝脏肿瘤切除术中防止肝静脉破裂大出血及空气栓塞的作用。方法 对71例肝脏肿瘤手术切除病例施行了1根以上主肝静脉阻断。所有肿瘤均位于第二肝门并侵犯或压迫1根以上主肝静脉。肝静脉阻断方法采用绕线结扎、血管带阻断或血管夹及心耳钳夹闭法。结果 71例中无1例肝静脉分离破裂，行肝静脉结扎28例，血管带阻断26例，血管夹阻断17例；阻断右肝静脉34例，右肝静脉＋中肝静脉2例，左、中肝静脉共干24例，左、中肝静脉分干2例，左、中、右三干9例。施行半肝全血流阻断35例（右侧24例，左侧11例）。交替半肝全肝血流阻断4例，第一肝门阻断加部分肝静脉阻断23例。第一肝门阻断加全部肝静脉阻断（不阻断下腔静脉的全肝血流阻断）9例。71例肝肿瘤均顺利切除。结论 肝静脉阻断技术是一种安全、有效的血流阻断技术。不阻断下腔静脉的全肝血流阻断术既能控制术中出血，又能保证全身血流动力学稳定。     

肝静脉阻断技术在肝切除术中的应用(附105例报道)

目的探讨肝静脉阻断技术在复杂肝脏肿瘤切除术中防止肝静脉破裂大出血及空气栓塞的作用。方法对105例肝脏肿瘤手术切除患者施行了1根以上主肝静脉阻断。所有肿瘤均位于第二肝门并侵犯或压迫1根以上主肝静脉。肝静脉阻断方法采用绕线结扎、血管带阻断或血管夹及心耳钳夹闭法。结果105例中无一例肝静脉分离破裂。施行半肝全血流阻断41例（右侧27例，左侧14例），交替半肝全血流阻断4例，第一肝门阻断加部分肝静脉阻断45例，第一肝门阻断加全部肝静脉阻断（不阻断下腔静脉的全肝血流阻断）15例。其中46例同时行第三肝门分离。105例肿瘤顺利切除。结论肝静脉阻断技术是一种安全、有效的血流阻断技术。不阻断下腔静脉的全肝血流阻断术既能控制术中出血，又能保证全身血流动力学稳定。     

单侧入肝血流选择性阻断肝切除术

自1993年9月以来，我院共采用入肝血流选择性阻断行肝切除治疗原发性肝癌76例，其中用Pringle’s法56例(肝门组)，单侧入肝血流选择性阻断20例(单侧组)。比较两组的肿瘤大小、手术时间，术中出血量、术中输血量，术后并发症及术前、术后肝功能和总胆红素变化。结果表明；单侧入肝血流阻断具有第一肝门阻断的优点，虽然阻断血流时间单侧组长于肝门组，但肝功能损害却没有肝门组重，可视手术需要决定阻断血流时间，操作从容，而且利于防止术中扩散和取出属支的门静脉癌栓。因此，我们认为单侧入肝血流阻断能很好保存健侧肝的动脉和门静脉血供，术后肝功能损害轻，恢复快，故比第一肝门阻断更适于有肝硬变的原发性肝癌病人手术。     

患侧肝血管阻断在肝切除术中的作用和意义

目的 探讨肝肿瘤需要进行半叶肝切除术中预先进行患侧肝动脉、门静脉主干和主肝静脉的阻断或结扎后的半肝切除方法.方法 (1)阻断或结扎患侧肝动脉、门静脉和主肝静脉;(2)分离肝后下腔静脉前壁与肝实质后,二者之间建立隧道并放置阻断带进行阻断.结果 全组10例患者手术过程顺利,术后恢复良好.结论 预先进行患侧肝动脉、门静脉主干和主肝静脉结扎方法以及利用肝后隧道放置阻断带阻断进行肝切除术可以减少出血、残肝再灌注损伤和防止重要血管损伤出血、医源性肿瘤扩散等发生.     

主肝静脉急性阻断后引流肝段保留价值的研究

目的观察主肝静脉阻断后保留肝段的病理形态学变化。方法７８只大鼠随机分为对照组、肝段静脉结扎组、左主肝静脉缩窄组与结扎组,动态观测受累肝叶的病理学,肝脏微循环与血流动力学变化。结果主肝静脉结扎后２４小时即发生肝细胞坏死,门静脉血内毒素与ＴＸＢ２／６－Ｋｅ－ｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α明显升高,主肝静脉缩窄组受累肝叶边缘大量肝静脉与门静脉侧支形成,门静脉血内毒素与ＴＸＢ２／６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α也发生不同程度升高,两组均明显高于肝段静脉结扎组与对照组。结论正常肝组织不能耐受主肝静脉急性阻断,无肝静脉引流的肝组织不但完全丧失功能,而且引起内毒素血症与肝脏微循环障碍,主肝静脉结扎应同时将引流肝段切除。     

第二肝门区域肿瘤切除中两种肝血流阻断方法的比较

目的比较入肝血流加肝静脉血流阻断术与单纯第一肝门阻断术在第二肝门区域肿瘤切除中的作用。方法从2000年1月至2005年10月,共施行2100例肝脏肿瘤切除术,其中235例肿瘤紧贴或压迫1根以上主肝静脉,根据肝血流阻断方法的不同,将235例患者分为两组：选择性肝血流阻断组（SHVE组,125例）和第一肝门阻断组（Pringle组,110例）。分析两组患者的术中及术后情况。在SHVE组,完全SHVE（阻断第一肝门和所有主肝静脉）25例,部分SHVE（阻断第一肝门和部分主肝静脉）100例。肝静脉阻断方法有3种：丝线结扎肝静脉,止血带阻断和辛氏钳阻断。结果两组间年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肝硬化发生率、HBsAg阳性率、术中热缺血时间和手术时间的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。SHVE组的术中失血量及输血量明显少于Pringle组（P〈0．05）。Pringle组有17例发生主肝静脉破裂,其中大出血14例,空气栓塞3例。而SHVE组无1例肝静脉破裂、大出血或空气栓塞发生。Pringle组术后再出血、再次手术和肝功能衰竭等并发症发生率高于SHVE组,ICU时间和住院时间长于SHVE组（P〈0．05）。结论SHVE较Pringle法能更有效地控制术中大出血,防止肝静脉破裂导致的大出血和空气栓塞,降低术后并发症和手术病死率。用辛氏钳阻断肝静脉较结扎法和止血带阻断法更安全和简便。     

肝移植术中受者左肾静脉与供肝门静脉吻合一例及文献复习

目的探讨受者左肾静脉与供肝门静脉吻合技术在肝移植术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析1例肝移植术中应用受者左肾静脉与供肝门静脉吻合重建门静脉血流的病例资料，并复习相关文献资料进行总结和探讨。结果肝移植术后随访13个月，患者无呕血、黑便，肝功能正常，门静脉血流通畅，生活质量较好。总结相关文献中的13例（包括此例患者）受者左肾静脉与供肝门静脉吻合资料，术前合并弥漫性门静脉血栓8例，存在自然脾肾分流3例，外科远端脾肾分流7例，无自然或外科分流3例。肝移植术后出现门静脉高压相关性并发症3例，其中2例为一过性的腹水，另1例发生严重的消化道出血。死亡3例，死亡原因均与受者肾静脉一供肝门静脉吻合无关。结论终末期肝病患者在合并有弥漫性门静脉血栓或术前有脾肾分流的情况下，肝移植术中采用受者左肾静脉与供肝门静脉吻合是一种安全和可靠的门静脉血流重建方式。     

Hemodynamic interaction between portal vein and hepatic artery flow in small-for-size split liver transplantation

In split-liver transplantation, the entire portal flow is redirected through relatively small-for-size grafts. It has been postulated that excessive portal blood flow leads to graft injury. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of this injury, we studied the hemodynamic interactions between portal vein- and hepatic artery flow in an experimental model in pigs. Six whole pig liver grafts were implanted in Group 1 ( n=6) and six whole liver grafts were split into right and left grafts and transplanted to Groups 2 ( n=6) and 3 ( n=6), respectively. The graft-to-recipient liver volume ratio was 1:1, 2:3 and 1:3 in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Portal vein- and hepatic artery flows were measured with an ultrasonic flow meter at 60,120 and 180 min after graft reperfusion. Portal vein pressure was also recorded at the same time intervals. Graft function was assessed at 3,6h and 12h, and morphological changes at 12h after reperfusion. Following reperfusion, portal vein flow showed an inverse relationship to graft size, while hepatic artery flow was reduced proportionately to graft size. The difference was significant among the three groups ( P<0.05). Portal vein pressure was significantly higher in group 3, compared to groups 1 and 2 ( P<0.05). Hepatic artery buffer response was significantly higher in Group 3, compared to Groups 1 and 2 in relation to pre-occlusion values ( P<0.05). Split-liver transplantation, when resulting in small-for-size grafts, is associated with portal hypertension, diminished arterial flow, and graft dysfunction. Arterial flow impairment appears to be related to increased portal vein flow.     

门静脉和肝动脉结扎序贯二步法肝切除术治疗巨大肝癌

巨大肝癌切除术后剩余肝脏体积不足是发生肝衰竭的主要原因.通过阻断一侧的门静脉和肝动脉,使肿瘤降低分期,增加对侧术后剩余肝脏体积,成为目前切除巨大肝癌的方法之一.2013年3-4月厦门大学附属第一医院收治的1例原发性右半肝巨大肝癌患者,因肝脏剩余体积不足,术者一期行选择性门静脉及肝动脉结扎术后,序贯二期行肝切除术.患者2次手术均顺利完成,一期行门静脉右支及肝右动脉结扎术,术后肝肿瘤体积缩小,剩余左半肝代偿性增生良好,肝脏体积由术前488 mL增加到术后1个月689 mL.一期手术后33 d顺利实施二期巨大肝癌肝切除术,2次术后均无严重并发症发生.术后随访2个月,患者剩余肝脏未见肿瘤复发,AFP由术前425 mg/L降至26×10^-3mg/L.因此,选择性门静脉及肝动脉结扎后序贯二步法肝切除术可能是传统手术无法切除的巨大肝癌患者有效的治疗方法.     

Selective ligation of portal vein and hepatic artery for ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma in a 13-year-old boy

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in children is rare, and the prognosis has been poor because of its advanced stage at diagnosis and unresponsiveness to chemotherapy. We report a 13-year-old boy with ruptured HCC in the left trisegment. When hemostasis of the ruptured surface was achieved in the emergency operation, the left branch of the portal vein and the left hepatic artery were ligated at the same time. The volume of the future liver remnant (FLR), that is, his right posterior sector, increased from 56% on admission to 70% of his standard liver volume on day 2. Blood level of serum protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist ?? started to decrease immediately. Left trisegmentectomy was successfully performed 10 days later, followed by chemotherapy. He has been well with a 2-year survival without recurrence. When the FLR is considered relatively small for a major hepatic resection, the selective ligation of the portal vein and the hepatic artery, which feed HCC, seems to be beneficial. This is because it may induce enlargement of the FLR, increasing the safety of the hepatectomy as preoperative portal vein embolization does before a major hepatectomy in adult patients with HCC, and the latter suppresses the tumor while waiting for the planned hepatectomy.     

Reconstruction of hepatic or portal veins by use of newly customized great saphenous vein grafts

Background and aims Segmental resection of major hepatic veins or the portal vein is sometimes required if one is to secure adequate surgical margins from hepatic or pancreatic malignancies. An external iliac vein is widely sacrificed as a vein graft to replace the defect, but this is associated with postoperative edema of the lower leg. We developed a new method for constructing the great saphenous vein to interpose the hepatic or portal veins.Patients and methods The great saphenous vein was divided transversely into three sections, which were aligned side-to-side. The three pieces were anastomosed to make a sheet 3 × 2 cm, which was rolled up into a cylindrical form of approximately 1 cm in diameter and 2 cm in length. We applied the finished vein grafts to interpose the major hepatic veins in three patients with metastatic liver tumors and the portal vein in two patients with pancreatic malignancies in cylindrical form and to reconstruct the portal vein in one patient with a pancreas cancer, using a three-row sheet as a patch graft.Results No patient developed venous thrombosis of the graft or edema of the lower leg.Conclusions The newly customized vein graft was safe and useful for the reconstruction of the major hepatic or portal veins.     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗门静脉海绵样变并发门静脉高压

目的探讨经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉分流术治疗合并门静脉海绵样变的门静脉高压症的疗效。方法 8例反复上消化道出血患者(均有肝硬化、门静脉高压)术前均经B超及CT等影像学证实伴有门静脉海绵样变,门静脉主干及左右支有完全或部分闭塞,对其行TIPS治疗,并评价疗效。结果对7例患者均成功施行TIPS术,1例失败,6例为先经皮穿刺右肝门静脉分支,建立经门静脉右支至主干通道,并行球囊扩张成形治疗。其中4例经常规TIPS途径由肝右静脉穿刺门静脉右支建立门腔静脉分流道,2例由门静脉右支穿刺右肝静脉建立门腔静脉分流道。1例穿刺门静脉右支失败,改由常规TIPS途径穿刺门静脉左支建立门腔静脉分流道。门静脉压力由术前的(33.72±8.35)mmHg降低至术后的(21.43±7.64)mmHg;1例在术后6个月发现分流道狭窄,再次植入支架后恢复通畅。1例术后5个月再发黑便,复查提示分流道堵塞,并门静脉广泛血栓形成,放弃进一步治疗。另5例在12个月随访中分流道通畅,未再发消化道出血。结论 TIPS是治疗伴门静脉海绵样变的门静脉高压症的安全、有效的方法。     

大鼠肝脏胆管及门静脉铸型扫描图像分析

目的 建立大鼠去胆管肝叶和去门静脉肝叶自身对照模型,观察两肝叶之间胆管及门静脉是否存在交通支及其大体形态变化.方法 SD大鼠40只,分为S、BL、PL和BPL共4组,分别应用氰基丙烯酸酯对肝右叶胆管进行栓塞结扎制备去胆管肝叶;对肝方叶行门静脉结扎制备去门静脉肝叶.通过测量肝重/体重和方叶重/右叶重及对各组大鼠胆管和门静脉分别灌注硫酸钡明胶混悬液制备铸型标本,并运用Micro-CT扫描来观察两叶肝脏胆道和门静脉形态变化.结果 (1)大鼠手术后在本观察期内存活率达到100%,无黄疸表现.肝叶大体形态观察和两叶肝重量比指标显示,S、BL、PL组肝重/体重为3.5%,与BPL组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).S、BL组方叶/右叶重量比为60%～70%,PL及BPL组则为20%左右,提示去胆管和去门脉肝叶之间的重量比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).(2)Micro-CT铸型扫描可以直观地显示胆管和门静脉形态变化,未发现两个肝叶之间存在交通支或侧枝循环.结论 去胆管肝叶无明显萎缩.胆管及门静脉灌注造影显示两叶胆管及门静脉无明显的侧枝循环.Micro-CT扫描可以直观地显示胆管及门静脉形态变化,硫酸钡明胶灌注铸型为小动物肝脏Glissons系统形态学研究提供了一种借鉴方法.

Abstract：

Objective To establish a rat self-control model with the bile duct deprived (BDD) and the portal vein deprived (PVD) hepatic lobe and to observe whether there were communicated branches between the two lobes.Methods Forty SD rats were divided into four groups: group S with sham operation as an undisposed blank control, group BL with the right lobe bile duct embolized and ligated, group PL with the quadrate lobe portal vein ligated, and group BPL with the right lobe bile duct embolized and ligated and meanwhile the quadrate lobe portal vein ligated. The right hepatic bile ducts were embolized with cyanoacrylate and then ligated to prepare the BDD lobe. The portal vein of quadrate hepatic lobes was ligated as the PVD lobes. The observation period was 1 month after the bile duct or portal vein ligated. The values of liver weight/body weight and the quadrate lobe weight/the right lobe weight were recorded. The bile duct and portal vein casting specimens of these four groups were prepared by a perfusion with barium and gelatin solution. Three-dimensional micro-computerized tomography (Micro-CT) data sets were acquired to observe the morphological changes of bile duct and portal vein of the livers and whether there were communicated branches between the right and quadrate lobes in order to estimate the feasibility of the model.Results (1) The survival rate of rats after operation was 100%. No jaundice was observed. The ratio of liver/body weight in groups S, BL and PL was about 3.5%, significantly lower than that in group BPL (P<0.01). The ratio of quadrate/right lobe weight in groups S and BL was about 60%-70%, while that was about 20% in groups PL and BPL (P<0.05, or P<0.01); (2) Micro-CT images exhibited directly the morphological changes of the hepatic bile duct and portal vein, and no communicated branches or side circulation situation were observed between the two lobes.Conclusion No collateral branches were found between the two lobes and the model was successfully established. The barium casting liver specimen scanned by micro-CT provided a useful method for the morphological observation of rat liver Glissons system.     

Delayed portal vein thrombosis after experimental radiofrequency ablation near the main portal vein

BACKGROUND: Portal venous blood flow may protect adjacent tumour cells from thermal destruction with radiofrequency ablation (RFA). This study aimed to investigate the local effect of RFA on the main portal vein branch, and the completeness of cellular ablation in its vicinity, with or without a Pringle manoeuvre using a porcine model. METHODS: This was an in vivo study on 23 domestic pigs. RFA using a cooled-tip electrode was performed 5 mm from the left main portal vein branch under ultrasonographic guidance for 12 min with (n = 10) or without (n = 10) a Pringle manoeuvre. Ten pigs were killed 4 h after the procedure to study the early effects of RFA and ten others were killed 1 week later to determine any delayed effect. As a control, sham operations with a Pringle manoeuvre for 12 min were performed on three pigs. The flow velocity changes of portal vein and hepatic artery were measured using Doppler ultrasonography, and the completeness of cellular ablation around the portal vein was assessed qualitatively by histochemical staining and quantitatively by measuring intracellular levels of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). RESULTS: In the absence of the Pringle manoeuvre, there was no significant change in mean(s.d.) portal vein flow velocity before RFA (20.0(3.5) cm/s) and at 4 h (18.5(2.5) cm/s) (P = 0.210) and 1 week (19.5(2.2) cm/s) (P = 0.500) after the procedure. Gross and histological examination of the portal vein branches showed no damage without the Pringle manoeuvre. In all pigs that underwent RFA with a Pringle manoeuvre, the portal vein was occluded 1 week after the operation; histological examination of the affected portal vein showed severe thermal injury and associated venous thrombosis. The local effect of RFA on the hepatic artery was similar. With intact portal blood flow during RFA, complete ablation of liver tissue around the pedicle was demonstrated by histochemical staining and measurement of the intracellular ATP concentration. CONCLUSION: RFA was safe when applied close to the main portal vein branch without a Pringle manoeuvre, with complete cellular destruction. Use of the Pringle manoeuvre resulted in delayed portal vein and hepatic artery thrombosis and injury to the hepatic artery and bile duct.     

经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术治疗肝静脉广泛闭塞型布加综合征

目的探讨经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)治疗肝静脉广泛闭塞型布加综合征的临床疗效。方法采用TIPS治疗11例广泛肝静脉闭塞型布加综合征患者,其中3例为急性,8例为亚急性或慢性。患者表现为食管静脉曲张破裂出血和顽固性腹水,采用超声多普勒、CT或MRI、上消化道钡餐、血管造影和肝活检明确诊断。TIPS将肝内分流道建于肝后下腔静脉与门静脉分支,支架直径为10 mm,随访时间(63±43)个月。结果所有患者均成功完成TIPS,肝门部门静脉分叉处出血1例,1周后出血控制再植内支撑;肝内分流道建立后门体压力梯度由(41．2±10．5)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0．098 kPa)下降至(12．4±4．7)cm H2O,门静脉血流速度由(11．2±2．8)cm／s增加至(52．2±13．7)cm／s。患者出血控制,腹水渐消退,肝功能指标明显好转。住院期间因肝功能衰竭死亡1例。术后随访,2例分流道狭窄分别行分流道再扩张或再植内支撑,其余8例无相关并发症。结论TIPS是治疗肝静脉广泛闭塞型布加综合征的重要方法,具有良好的远期疗效。     

Right inferior phrenic vein indicating the right hepatic vein confluence into the inferior vena cava

BACKGROUND: Limiting backflow bleeding from the hepatic veins is a priority when performing hepatectomy. However, hepatic vein encirclement is difficult, especially in re-resection. We verified the presence and trajectory of the right inferior phrenic vein (RIPV), which could be a useful anatomic landmark to guide surgeons in targeting the extrahepatic right hepatic vein (RHV) before dissection. METHODS: Between May 2001 and January 2005, 100 consecutive patients with liver tumors were enrolled and underwent hepatectomy: 77 patients underwent surgery for tumors located in the right hemiliver. RESULTS: RIPV was detected in all but 1 patient (99%), and its trajectory was always guided toward the extrahepatic RHV. The only patient in whom RIPV was not detected had undergone prior liver resection and interstitial therapies for colorectal cancer liver metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Apart from exceptional conditions, detection of the RIPV is always feasible and allows safe surgical dissection while approaching the extrahepatic RHV before hepatic resection.