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1.
Masao Yoshida Shinichiro Take Mamoru Ishikawa Akatsuki Kokaze Kanae Karita Matsuko Harada Hideki Ohno 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2014,19(2):100-107
Objectives
To clarify whether smoking was associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and to evaluate the interrelationship among IOP, blood viscosity, and smoking.Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed health examination data obtained between 2001 and 2004 from 1113 individuals (829 men and 284 women), ranging in age from 28 to 79 years, who had not undergone any ocular surgery or medical treatment for hypertension, ocular hypertension, and glaucoma.Results
Multiple-regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), and number of cigarettes smoked per day had a significantly positive association with IOP in men (P < 0.05). In women also, SBP, DBP, and BMI were positively related to IOP (P < 0.05). On the contrary, age had a significant negative association with IOP in both sexes (P < 0.01). Analysis of covariance and multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the adjusted mean IOP and the multivariate odds ratios for IOP increased with increasing cigarette consumption in men (P for trend = 0.01 and 0.06, respectively). Analysis of covariance found that smoking was significantly associated with both high IOP and high hematocrit in men (P for trend <0.05); however, the adjusted mean IOP values were higher in smokers than in nonsmokers, regardless of the hematocrit level.Conclusions
The results of this study suggested that the IOP level may be substantially affected by smoking habit in middle-aged and older Japanese men. 相似文献2.
Objectives Blood pressure (BP) is poorly controlled in many countries. Poor compliance was suggested as the main cause for poor BP control.
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between compliance and the control of both casual blood pressure
(BP) and 24-hr ambulatory BP in a Japanese elderly population.
Methods The study was a cross-sectional survey. Casual BP and 24-hr ambulatory BP were measured at home. Hypertension was defined
as casual systolic BP (SBP)≧140 and/or diastolic BP (DBP)≧90 mmHg, or as treated hypertension. A compliance rate of greater
than 80% by the pill count method was defined as good compliance.
Results Of the 178 treated hypertensives, 82.6% showed good compliance. Between the treated hypertensives with good compliance and
those with poor compliance, no significant difference was found in either casual BP or ambulatory BP. Of the treated hypertensives
with good compliance, the prevalence of achieved target ambulatory BP, i.e., daytime BP<135/85 mmHg, nighttime BP<120/75 mmHg,
and 24-hr BP<125/80 mmHg, was, respectively, 35.4%, 43.5%, and 20.4%.
Conclusions Casual BP and 24-hr ambulatory BP were poorly controlled in the community-living elderly although many of the treated hypertensives
showed good compliance. It is unlikely that this inadequate control of hypertension is due to poor compliance on the part
of the subjects. 相似文献
3.
Background It is well known that environmental conditions are related to the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and events. However, the mechanisms behind these relations are␣not well understood. One mechanism could be elevation of blood pressure. In this study we assessed associations between blood pressure and environmental conditions among citizens in Oslo, Norway.Materials and methods We used the Oslo Health Study (HUBRO), a population based study of 18,770 Oslo citizens, to assess associations between blood pressure and environmental conditions including season, smoking, outdoor temperature and air pollution.Results Blood pressure was higher in the winter season, but the association disappeared when we adjusted for temperature. A 10 °C reduction in outdoor temperature, the day blood pressure was measured was related to an increase in blood pressure for both men [SBP: 1.5 mmHg (95% CI, 0.6–2.3); DBP: 1.3 mmHg (95% CI, 0.1–1.8)] and women [SBP: 2.4 mmHg (95% CI, 1.6–3.2); DBP: 1.8 mmHg (95% CI, 1.3–2.3)]. No convincing relation was found between indicators of air pollution exposure and blood pressure.Conclusion Several environmental conditions were related to blood pressure, and have similar associations with cardiovascular diseases or mortality. This could indicate that some of the effect these exposures have on the cardiovascular system is by increasing blood pressure. 相似文献
4.
A. Salvaggio M. Periti G. Quaglia D. Marzorati M. Tavanelli 《European journal of epidemiology》1992,8(6):777-782
The authors investigated the possible relation between habitual cigarette and coffee consumption and blood pressure (BP) levels in 7506 men and 2095 women. The study population were managers and employees examined in northern Italy between 1986–1988. In particular, the hypothesis of a substantial independence between smoking-BP and coffee-BP was tested. BP levels were corrected for age, body mass index, physical activity, and alcohol consumption by analysis of covariance. Significantly, smoking was inversely related to BP, both in men (SBP, P < 0.001, DBP, P < 0.001) and women (SBP, P = 0.001, DBP, P = 0.012). In particular, the BP of non-smoking men, SBP/DBP, was 131.0/83.5, whereas in male smokers up to and over 20 cigarette/day, BP was 128.1/82.0 and 128.1/82.1 respectively. Coffee consumption was related to BP levels in men (SBP, P < 0.001; DBP, P = 0.009), but not in women (SBP, P = 0.320; DBP, P = 0.982). BP in male subjects was 131.3/83.5 in non-drinkers, 130.7/83.3 in those drinking 1–3 cups/day, 128.4/82.6 and 127.2/81.8 in drinkers of 4–5 and over 5 cups/day, respectively. No significant interactions were demonstrated, thus the relationship between habitual smoking and coffee consumption with BP appears to agree with an additive model.Corresponding author. 相似文献
5.
Flack JM Duncan K Ohmit SE Quah R Liu X Ramappa P Norris S Hedquist L Dudley A Nasser SA 《Vascular health and risk management》2007,3(6):1029-1037
Background
Albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), two factors linked to kidney and vascular function, may influence longitudinal blood pressure (BP) responses to complex antihypertensive drug regimens.Methods
We reviewed the clinic records of 459 patients with hypertension in an urban, academic practice.Results
Mean patient age was 57-years, 89% of patients were African American, and 69% were women. Mean patient systolic/diastolic BP (SBP/DBP) at baseline was 171/98 mmHg while taking an average of 3.3 antihypertensive medications. At baseline, 27% of patients had estimated (e)GFR <60 ml/min/1.732, 28% had micro-albuminuria (30–300 mg/g) and 16% had macro-albuminuria (>300 mg/g). The average longitudinal BP decline over the observation period (mean 7.2 visits) was 25/12 mmHg. In adjusted regression models, macro-albuminuria predicted a 10.3 mmHg lesser longitudinal SBP reduction (p < 0.001) and a 7.9 mmHg lesser longitudinal DBP reduction (p < 0.001); similarly eGFR <60 ml/min/1.732 predicted an 8.4 mmHg lesser longitudinal SBP reduction (p < 0.001) and a 4.5 lesser longitudinal DBP reduction (p < 0.001). Presence of either micro- or macro-albuminuria, or lower eGFR, also significantly delayed the time to attainment of goal BP.Conclusions
These data suggest that an attenuated decline in BP in drug-treated hypertensives, resulting in higher average BP levels over the long-term, may mediate a portion of the increased risk of cardiovascular-renal disease linked to elevated urinary albumin excretion and reduced eGFR. 相似文献6.
We evaluated the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), based on reported pre-pregnancy weight and height, on blood pressure (BP) levels during pregnancy by using information from a prospective cohort of 1733 women recruited before 20 weeks' gestation. Maternal antenatal BP values were abstracted from medical records, and we evaluated the mean BP differences according to BMI group in regression models, using generalised estimating equations to account for repeated BP records within each pregnancy. In each trimester, mean systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) values were positively associated with maternal pre-gestational BMI. This association persisted after adjustment for maternal age, parity, smoking, education, marital status and physical activity. Overweight women (25-29 kg/m(2)) had first-, second- and third-trimester mean SBPs that were 8.1, 7.7 and 8.2 mmHg, respectively, higher than values observed in lean women (<20 kg/m(2)). Mean DBP values were 4.5, 5.4 and 5.6 mmHg higher for each successive trimester in overweight vs. lean women. Obese (>30 kg/m(2)) women consistently had the highest mean SBP and DBP values. Trimester-specific mean SBP values were 10.7-12.0 mmHg higher among obese women vs. lean women. Corresponding trimester-specific mean DBP values were 6.9-7.4 mmHg higher in obese vs. lean women. Similar patterns were observed when trimester-specific average mean arterial pressures were evaluated. Elevated pregnancy BPs associated with maternal pre-gestational BMI are consistent with a large body of literature that documents increased pre-eclampsia risk among overweight and obese women. 相似文献
7.
Smoking habits and risk of fatal stroke: 18 years follow up of the Oslo Study. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
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L L H?heim I Holme I Hjermann P Leren 《Journal of epidemiology and community health》1996,50(6):621-624
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the risk of fatal stroke in relation to smoking habits in men screened for the Oslo study. DESIGN: The Oslo study is a prospective, cohort study of the epidemiology and preventive aspects of cardiovascular diseases in middle aged men. Screening started in May 1972 and results after 18 years of follow up are reported. PARTICIPANTS: There were 16209 men aged 40-49 years, of whom 16173 had no stroke history. Eighty five men died from stroke, of whom 48 were daily cigarettes smokers, 7 were pipe and cigar smokers, 15 smoked cigarettes and pipe or cigars daily, 11 were previous cigarette smokers, and 4 had never smoked cigarettes. MAIN RESULTS: Results of proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for age, diastolic blood pressure, and glucose concentration showed the following rate ratios (RR) (95% confidence interval) of smoking groups compared with those who had never smoked or had previously smoked: combined cigarette and cigar or pipe smokers, RR = 6.1 (3.0, 12.5); cigarettes only, RR = 4.1 (2.3,7.4); and pipe and/or cigars only RR = 2.2 (0.9,5.5). The overall, age adjusted risk of smoking cigarettes daily was 3.5 and was found to increase with increasing cigarette consumption. Regardless of their smoking group, stroke cases had increased diastolic (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) when compared with men who had not had a stroke. The absolute differences in DBP and SBP between stroke cases and others for never and previous cigarette smokers versus daily smokers were twice as large: DBP, 12.1 mmHg versus 6.5 mmHg respectively and SBP, 16.0 mmHg versus 7.1 mmHg respectively. A high BMI increased the risk of fatal stroke of never and previous cigarette smokers. Men being treated for hypertension at the time of screening had three times the crude risk of fatal stroke of men who were not taking hypertensive treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Daily cigarette smoking increased the risk of fatal stroke three and a half times. Combined cigarette and pipe or cigar smoking had a higher risk than smoking cigarettes only. An increased risk was found in relation to increased daily cigarette consumption. 相似文献
8.
Eda Köksal Hülya Yardımcı Betül Kocaadam Burcu Deniz Güneş Birsen Yılmaz Efsun Karabudak 《International journal of food sciences and nutrition》2017,68(2):227-233
The aim of this study was to determine the consumption frequency of caffeinated foods and beverages and daily caffeine consumption amounts, and examine relation between caffeine and blood pressure (BP). A cross sectional door-to-door interview was conducted with 1329 volunteers between the ages of 20 and 60 (mean ages 29.9?±?10.8 years) and based in Ankara/Turkey. The rate of individuals whose BPs were above 140/90?mmHg was 13.5%. The median caffeine consumption was 150.0?±?122.06?mg. Although no significant correlation was found between total caffeine intake and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of individuals, a positive correlation was observed between daily total caffeine and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p?<?.05). Also, when analyzed factors that could be associated with DBP and SBP, BMI had effect in the model formed for both types of BP (p?.05). While smoking status associated with SBP (p?=?.002), gender and waist circumference related to DBP (p?<?.05) As a result relationship between caffeine intake and BP was affected other factors. 相似文献
9.
高血压病患者血压昼夜节律异常与心率变异减低的关系 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
韩勤甫 《中国慢性病预防与控制》2000,8(1):9-10,48
目的:探讨高血压2血压昼夜节律异常与心率变异(HRV)减低之间的关系。方法:按WH标准选择高血压病患者70例,同期分别作动态血压监测及动态心电图HRV分析。结果:血压昼夜节律消失组(A组)较血压昼夜节律正常级(B组)夜间收缩压(SBP)、夜间舒张压(DBP)、24h平均SBP、24h平均DBP分别增高15mmg(P〈0.01)、6mmHg(P〈0.01)、8mmHg(P〈0.01)、6mmHg(P 相似文献
10.
Job strain is a risk factor for hypertension, but it is not fully understood if
components of job strain, or job demand or job control per
se could be related to blood pressure (BP), and if so, whether the
relationship differs between normotension and mildly elevated BP. We examined resting BP,
and job stress components in 113 Japanese male hospital clerks (38.1 ± 4.4 yr). Subjects
were classified into normotensive (NT) (<130/85 mmHg, n=83) and mildly elevated BP (ME)
(≥130/85 mmHg) groups. Diastolic BP (DBP) showed a significant interaction between group
and job control level (p=0.013). Subjects with low job
control demonstrated higher DBP than those with high job control (89.1 ± 2.1 vs. 82.3 ±
2.3 mmHg, p=0.042) in ME group even after adjustments for
covariates while DBP did not differ between low and high job control subjects in NT group.
Systolic BP (SBP) did not differ between high and low job control subjects in both groups.
Neither SBP nor DBP differed between high and low demand groups in either group. Among job
strain components, job control may be independently related to BP in Japanese male workers
with mildly elevated BP. 相似文献
11.
Auchincloss AH Diez Roux AV Dvonch JT Brown PL Barr RG Daviglus ML Goff DC Kaufman JD O'Neill MS 《Environmental health perspectives》2008,116(4):486-491
BACKGROUND: Blood pressure (BP) may be implicated in associations observed between ambient particulate matter and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study examined cross-sectional associations between short-term ambient fine particles (particulate matter = 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter; PM(2.5)) and BP: systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP). METHODS: The study sample included 5,112 persons 45-84 years of age, free of cardiovascular disease at the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis baseline examination (2000-2002). Data from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency monitors were used to estimate ambient PM(2.5) exposures for the preceding 1, 2, 7, 30, and 60 days. Roadway data were used to estimate local exposures to traffic-related particles. RESULTS: Results from linear regression found PP and SBP positively associated with PM(2.5). For example, a 10-mug/m(3) increase in PM(2.5) 30-day mean was associated with 1.12 mmHg higher pulse pressure [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.28-1.97] and 0.99 mmHg higher systolic BP (95% CI, -0.15 to 2.13), adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, body mass index, diabetes, cigarette smoking and environmental tobacco smoke, alcohol use, physical activity, medications, atmospheric pressure, and temperature. Results were much weaker and not statistically significant for MAP and DBP. Although traffic-related variables were not themselves associated with BP, the association between PM(2.5) and BP was stronger in the presence of higher traffic exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Higher SBP and PP were associated with ambient levels of PM(2.5) and the association was stronger in the presence of roadway traffic, suggesting that impairment of blood pressure regulation may play a role in response to air pollution. 相似文献
12.
Relation of vegetable, fruit, and meat intake to 7-year blood pressure change in middle-aged men: the Chicago Western Electric Study 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Miura K Greenland P Stamler J Liu K Daviglus ML Nakagawa H 《American journal of epidemiology》2004,159(6):572-580
Information is sparse on the role of foods in long-term blood pressure (BP) change. The investigators examined relations of food intake to BP change in a prospective cohort study of 1,710 employed men in Chicago, Illinois, initially aged 41-57 years. In 1958 and 1959, BP was measured and nutrient intake assessed by comprehensive interview. In 1959, intake of 26 specific food groups was also assessed. BP was remeasured annually through 1966. The generalized estimating equation method was used to analyze relations of food group intakes to average annual BP change, adjusting for age, weight at each year, alcohol consumption, calories, and other foods. Average systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increase was 1.9/0.3 mmHg per year. The SBP of men who consumed 14-42 cups of vegetables a month (0.5-1.5 cups/day) versus <14 cups a month (<0.5 cups/day) was estimated to rise 2.8 mmHg less in 7 years (p < 0.01). The SBP of men who consumed 14-42 cups of fruit a month versus <14 cups a month was estimated to increase 2.2 mmHg less in 7 years (p < 0.05). Beef-veal-lamb and poultry intakes were related directly to a greater SBP/DBP increase (p < 0.05). These results support the concept that diets higher in fruits and vegetables and lower in meats (except fish) may reduce the risk of developing high BP. 相似文献
13.
Belghazi J El Feghali RN Moussalem T Rejdych M Asmar RG 《Vascular health and risk management》2007,3(4):389-400
Background
Four electronic devices for self-measurement of brachial blood pressure (BP): the Omron M1 Plus, the Omron M6 Comfort, the Spengler KP7500 D, and the Microlife BP A100 Plus, were evaluated in four separate studies according to the International Protocol of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH).Design
The International Validation Protocol is divided into 2 phases: the first phase is performed on 15 selected subjects (45 pairs of BP measurements); if the device passes this phase, 18 supplementary subjects are included (54 pairs of BP measurements) making a total number of 33 subjects (99 pairs of BP measurements) on which the final validation is performed.Methods
The same methodology recommended by the ESH protocol was applied for the 4 studies. In each study and for each subject, 4 BP measurements were performed simultaneously by 2 trained observers using mercury sphygmomanometers alternately with 3 measurements by the tested device. The difference between the BP value given by the device and that obtained by the two observers (mean of the two observers) was calculated for each measure. The 99 pairs of BP differences were classified into 3 categories (≤5, ≤10, ≤15 mmHg). The number of differences in each category was compared with the number required by the International Protocol. An individual analysis was then done to determine for each subject the number of comparisons ≤5 mmHg. At least 22 of the 33 subjects should have 2 of their 3 comparisons ≤5 mmHg.Results
All 4 tested devices passed the first and the second phase of the validation process. The average differences between the device and mercury sphygmomanometer readings were −1.4 ± 5.5 and −0.4 ± 4.8 mmHg for SBP and DBP respectively for the Omron M1 Plus device, −2.1 ± 7.4 and 0.1 ± 4.9 mmHg for SBP and DBP respectively for the Omron M6 Comfort device, −1.4 ± 8.6 and −0.1 ± 3.5 mmHg for SBP and DBP respectively for the Spengler KP7500 D device, and 1.6 ± 4.2 mmHg and 0.54 ± 2.8 mmHg for SBP and DBP respectively for the Microlife BP A100 Plus device. For all devices, readings differing by less than 5, 10, and 15 mmHg for SBP and DBP values fulfill the recommendation criteria of the International Protocol as well as the individual analysis.Conclusions
Omron M1 Plus (HEM-4011C-E), Omron M6 Comfort (HEM 7000-E), Spengler KP7500 D, and Microlife BP A100 Plus devices fulfilled the validation recommendations of the International Protocol. 相似文献14.
S Baba A Suzuki T Mandai M Konishi Y Nakamoto 《[Nihon kōshū eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health》1991,38(1):1-10
Fifty-three regularly employed hypertensive men (HT group) aged 38 to 68 years, whose blood pressure measured at a health evaluation clinic was systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than or equal to 160 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 95, and 21 age-matched normal controls (NC group), whose SBP was less than 140 and DBP was less than 90 had their blood pressure monitored over 24 hours during a usual working day. Age and clinical pressure were 53.1 +/- 7.1 years (mean +/- SD) and 147 +/- 18/97 +/- 10 mmHg (SBP/DBP) in the HT group, and 52.7 +/- 8.9 and 117 +/- 8/78 +/- 7 in the NC group. In the HT group, blood pressure during work (146/96 mmHg) was similar to clinical blood pressure, while blood pressure at home (135/89 mmHg) was considerably lower than clinic measured values. In contrast, blood pressure variabilities in the NC group during non-sleep hours were less, and clinical measurement was lower than that at home (122/80 mmHg), and during work (126/82 mmHg). For those examined by echocardiogram (46 in HT and 21 in NC), end-diastolic left ventricular wall thickness (LVT), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) correlated most strongly with pressure during work by partial correlation analysis with age as a covariant (LVT:: SBP: r = 0.47, DBP: r = 0.53 both p less than 0.001, and LVMI:: SBP: r = 0.29, DBP: r = 0.25 both p less than 0.25). Clinical blood pressure as well as blood pressure at home and during sleep correlated significantly with LVT. These findings suggest that the blood pressure measurements obtained at a mass screening clinic, although infrequent, have important implications in relation to cardiac organ damage and for providing an estimate of blood pressure during work for hypertensives. 相似文献
15.
PURPOSE: Mean blood pressure (BP) has declined in the U.S. for several decades. It is unknown to what extent this decline was due to treatment of persons with recognized high BP or to population-wide influences on BP. Treatment would shift only the highest values lower, whereas, population-wide influences on BP would shift the entire distribution downward. METHODS: We examined changes in the distributions of systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP) across birth cohorts born between 1887 and 1975 in 52,646 individuals examined in the National Health (and Nutrition) Examination Surveys between 1960 and 1994. The BP distributions were estimated as functions of age and birth-year to examine changes between birth cohorts. We postulated that the age-adjusted 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles of SBP and DBP had decreased in more recent versus earlier birth cohorts. RESULTS: The series of birth cohorts exhibited successively lower SBP and DBP at low, middle and high percentiles. In general, the 10th percentile of SBP decreased approximately 1.19 mmHg per decade of birth-year, whereas the 50th percentile decreased 2.40 mmHg per decade, and the 90th percentile decreased 4.62 mmHg per decade. A similar pattern of results was seen for DBP. CONCLUSIONS: The entire distribution of both SBP and DBP shifted downward. The downward shifts at the 50th percentile and below unequivocally demonstrate a strong prevention effect in the U.S. population during the period 1887 through 1975. This epidemiologic analysis indicates that population-wide influences can alter favorably the distribution of BP throughout the whole population. 相似文献
16.
Relationship of blood pressure to cardiovascular death: the effects of pulse pressure in the elderly 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship of systolic and diastolic blood pressure to fatal myocardial infarction, fatal stroke and other death related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). METHODS: The study was based on a prospective longitudinal study conducted by the Veterans Administration at the Boston Outpatient Clinic. Participants are male volunteers from the greater Boston area. Main outcome measures are fatal myocardial infarction, fatal stroke and other deaths related to cardiovascular diseases. The method of pooled logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: For younger men (age 21-59), after adjusting for effects of other risk factors, when systolic and diastolic blood pressure were considered separately, SBP was predictive of cardiovascular death (SBP: RR = 1.23; 95% CI = (1.05, 1.45) per 10 mmHg of increase), and DBP showed a nonsignificant positive trend in relation to cardiovascular death (DBP: RR = 1.27; 95% CI = (0.95, 1.69) per 10 mmHg of increase). For older men (age 60-85), when SBP and DBP were considered separately, SBP (RR = 1.26; 95% CI = (1.02, 1.55) per 15 mmHg of increase) was directly related, but DBP (RR = 1.05; 95% CI = (0.83, 1.32) per 8 mmHg of increase) was not related to cardiovascular death. However, for the elderly group, when SBP and DBP were considered jointly in the regression model, then the regression coefficient of DBP (beta = -0.018, p = 0.30) was of approximately the same absolute magnitude as that of SBP (beta = 0.021, p = 0.02) but opposite in sign. For younger men, when SBP and DBP were considered jointly, SBP (beta = 0.021, p = 0.049) but not DBP (beta = -0.001, p = 0.953) was positively related to cardiovascular death. CONCLUSIONS: We found that, for the elderly, pulse pressure (SBP-DBP) may be a more accurate predictor of cardiovascular death than either SBP or DBP alone. The relative risk per 35 mmHg of increase of pulse pressure, which equals the approximate interval from the 10th to the 90th percentile in the elderly group, is 2.1 with 95% CI = (1.1, 3.8). In younger subjects, SBP, but not DBP, is an independent predictor of fatal CVD. 相似文献
17.
Oral contraceptives: a risk factor for uncontrolled blood pressure among hypertensive women 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The objective of the study was to assess the association between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and the use of oral contraceptives (OC) in hypertensive women. In a prospective cross-sectional study, we evaluated 171 women who were referred to the Hypertension Outpatient Clinic of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; 66 current users of OC, 26 users of other contraceptive methods and 79 women who were not using contraception. The average of six blood pressure readings was used to establish the usual blood pressure of the participants. Current OC users were compared with users of other methods and with patients not using contraception. Main outcome measures were SBP and DBP among the different groups, and prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension (SBP >or= 140 mmHg and DBP >or= 90 mmHg). DBP was higher in OC users (100.2 +/- 15.9 mmHg) than in patients using other contraceptive methods (93.4 +/- 14.7 mmHg) and not using contraceptives (93.3 +/- 14.4 mmHg, p = 0.016). Women using OC for more than 8 years presented higher age-adjusted blood pressure levels than women using OC for shorter periods. Patients using OC had poor blood pressure control (p for trend = 0.046) and a higher proportion of them presented moderate-severe hypertension. These results were independent of antihypertensive drug use. In a logistic regression model, we found that current OC use was independently and significantly associated with prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension. It is concluded that hypertensive women using OC present a significant increase in DBP and poor blood pressure control, independent of age, weight and antihypertensive drug treatment. 相似文献
18.
Baros AM Wright TM Latham PK Miller PM Anton RF 《Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)》2008,43(2):192-197
AIMS: Blood pressure (BP) changes in alcohol-dependent individuals during a 12-week alcohol relapse prevention study were examined in light of drinking status and biomarkers of alcohol consumption [carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (%CDT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)]. METHODS: Of 160 randomized alcoholic individuals, 120 who had hypertension and in whom daily drinking data was available, at 6 and 12 weeks of treatment were included. The impact of alcohol consumption on change in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) was examined. Further analysis determined the relationship between BP and alcohol-use biomarkers. RESULTS: A significant effect of complete abstinence on both SBP (-10 mmHg; P = 0.003) and DBP (-7 mmHg; P = 0.001) when compared to any drinking (SBP and DBP = -1 mmHg) was observed. At week 12, participants with a positive %CDT (> or =2.6) had 7 mmHg greater SBP (P = 0.01) and DBP (P < 0.001) than those with negative %CDT. Participants with positive GGT (> or =50 IU) had 10 mmHg greater SBP (P = 0.12) and 9 mmHg greater DBP (P = 0.03) than those with negative GGT. The percent change in SBP was correlated with percent change in %CDT (P = 0.003) but not GGT (P = ns). The percent change in DBP was correlated with both percent change in %CDT (P < 0.0001) and GGT (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Abstinence from alcohol significantly decreased the BP and a positive relationship between BP and both alcohol-use biomarkers was illustrated. Since %CDT is more specific than GGT for heavy alcohol consumption, clinicians may monitor the role of alcohol in hypertension using %CDT as a supplemental aid, providing an objective assessment of drinking to influence BP treatment decisions. 相似文献
19.
Saafan A. Al-Safi Nehad M. Ayoub Mosa’b A. Albalas Imad Al-Doghim Faisal H Aboul-Enein 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2009,17(2):121-126
Aim The aim of this investigation was to explore the correlation of shisha smoking with blood pressure and heart rate values.
Subjects and methods This is a randomized cross-sectional epidemiological study involving a total of 14,310 adults selected from various regions
of Jordan. Well-trained pharmacy students interviewed participants in outpatient settings. The frequencies of water-pipe-smoking
males and females in the sample were 21.11% and 10.27%, respectively. Measures of blood pressure and heart rate values were
carried out in outpatient settings. For each participant, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP),
and heart rate (HR) were measured three times with 10–15-min intervals in the sitting position and at the resting state. The
arterial blood pressure (ABP) was calculated from the measured SBP and DBP.
Results Smokers had significantly higher blood pressure and heart rate values than non-smokers. Both smokers and non-smokers with
a positive family history of hypertension had significantly higher values of blood pressure than those with a negative family
history.
Conclusion A significant elevation of blood pressure and heart rate was observed among shisha smokers. Current cigarette smoking associated
with frequent water pipe smoking resulted in greater elevation in blood pressure measurements among both types of tobacco
smokers. 相似文献
20.
Niels Graudal Thorbj?rn Hubeck-Graudal Gesche Jürgens David A McCarron 《Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)》2015,6(2):169-177
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to establish the time for achievement of maximal blood pressure (BP) efficacy of a sodium reduction (SR) intervention and the relation between the amount of SR and the BP response in individuals with hypertension and normal BP. Relevant studies were retrieved from a pool of 167 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the period 1973–2010 and integrated in meta-analyses. Fifteen relevant RCTs were included in the maximal efficacy analysis. After initiation of sodium reduction (range: 55–118 mmol/d), there were no significant differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between measurements at weeks 1 and 2 (∆SBP: −0.18 mmHg/∆DBP: 0.12 mmHg), weeks 1 and 4 (∆SBP: −0.50 mmHg/∆DBP: 0.35 mmHg), weeks 2 and 4 (∆SBP: −0.20 mmHg/∆DBP: −0.10 mmHg), weeks 2 and 6 (∆SBP: −0.50 mmHg/∆DBP: −0.42 mmHg), and weeks 4 and 6 (∆SBP: 0.39 mmHg/∆DBP: −0.22 mmHg). Eight relevant RCTs were included in the dose-response analysis, which showed that within the established usual range of sodium intake [<248 mmol/d (5700 mg/d)], there was no relation between the amount of SR (range: 136–188 mmol) and BP outcome in normotensive populations [∆SBP: 0.99 mm Hg (95% CI: 2.12, 4.10), P = 0.53; ∆DBP: −0.49 mm Hg (95% CI: −4.0, 3.03), P = 0.79]. In contrast, prehypertensive and hypertensive populations showed a significant dose-response relation (range of sodium reduction: 77–140 mmol/d) [∆SBP: 6.87 mmHg (95% CI: 5.61, 8.12, P < 0.00001); ∆DBP: 3.61 mmHg (95% CI: 2.83, 4.39, P < 0.00001)]. Consequently, the importance of kinetic and dynamic properties of sodium reduction, as well as baseline BP, should probably be considered when establishing a policy of sodium reduction. 相似文献