载瘤动脉栓塞阻断血流对射频消融治疗原发性肝癌效果的影响

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）阻断载瘤动脉血流提高经皮射频消融（RFA）治疗原发性肝癌的效果。方法选择原发性肝癌100例,随机分为两组各50例,一组采用TACE＋RFA治疗,另一组单纯采用RFA治疗,评价两组肿瘤坏死率及生存率的差异。结果TACE＋RFA组的肿瘤坏死率、12个月生存率明显高于RFA组,局部复发率明显低于RFA组,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。TACE＋RFA组无严重并发症出现,RFA组出现包膜下出血2例,均为CT明显强化病例,经内科止血治疗后好转。结论TACE阻断载瘤动脉血流可明显提高RFA治疗原发性肝癌的效果。     

肝动脉栓塞化疗联合无水乙醇局部注射治疗中晚期肝癌

目的探讨肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）联合超声引导下无水乙醇注射（PEI）治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的临床价值。方法47例中晚期肝癌患者,随机分为两组。TACE组22例,单纯行TACE治疗,TACE联合PEI组25例,行TACE联合PEI治疗。结果TACE联合PEI组血清AFP转阴率、肿瘤缩小率及0．5、1、1．5、2a生存率分别为80．00％、80．00％、100．00％、88．00％、76．00％、56．00％,明显高于TACE组的47．05％、50．00％、81．82％、63．64％、54．55％、27．27％（P均〈0．05）。结论TACE联合PEI治疗中晚期肝癌疗效明显并延长患者生存期。     

TACE联合3DCRT治疗原发性肝癌临床观察

将42例原发性肝癌患者随机分为两组,A组采用肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）联合三维适形放疗（3DCRT）治疗,B组单纯采用TACE治疗,观察两组临床疗效及相关毒副作用。发现全部患者均能完成治疗计划。A组有效率为70％,0．5、18生存率分别为75％、50％;B组有效率为36％,0．5、18生存率分别为50％、18％,两组比较均有统计学差异。TACE联合3DCRT综合治疗原发性肝癌毒副反应较轻,疗效较好,是原发性肝癌患者非手术治疗的一种较满意的方法,但远期生存率与后期并发症尚需进一步观察。     

射频消融联合同步TACE治疗老年肝癌的疗效

目的探讨射频消融同步经动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗老年肝癌的可行性。方法选取老年原发性肝癌患者152例,按照病案号的单双号分为观察组和对照组各76例。观察组给予射频消融同步TACE治疗;对照组先行TACE治疗,1~2 w后再行射频消融治疗。比较两组患者生存情况、甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平、治疗前后肿瘤体积、肿瘤完全坏死率、并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者1年和2年生存率均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组AFP阳性患者中治疗前AFP水平之间无明显差异;治疗后12个月时观察组AFP水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者肿瘤体积之间无明显差异;治疗后3、6、12个月观察组患者肿瘤体积均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。对照组患者肿瘤完全坏死率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者并发症发生率之间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论射频消融联合同步TACE治疗老年原发性肝癌与先行TACE治疗相比疗效更佳,且具有较好的安全性,在临床老年肝癌患者的治疗中具有较好的可行性。     

肝动脉化学栓塞联合多极射频消融治疗大肝癌的疗效

目的 探讨经导管动脉化学栓塞(TACE) 联合CT引导下射频消融(RFA)治疗大肝癌的临床应用价值.方法 78例原发性肝癌患者,31例行RFA 联合TACE 治疗(综合组),与24例单纯TACE治疗(TACE组)及23 例单纯RFA 治疗组进行对照分析.肿瘤最大径5.2～10.1 cm,平均(6.5±0.7) cm,计136个肿瘤,多发病灶者选其中最大径肿瘤为观察目标.三组病例的平均年龄、病灶大小以及肝功能分级差异无显著性意义.结果 综合组的肿瘤坏死率达80.6%,明显高于单纯TACE组及单纯RFA组(分别为37.5%、47.8%,P<0.01,P<0.05).局部复发率分别为29.0%、45.8%和34.7%,三者差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).综合组的平均生存期为28.2个月,高于TACE组与单纯RFA组(14.9个月、18.8个月,P<0.01,P<0.05).结论 RFA联合TACE治疗大肝癌与单纯TACE和单纯RFA治疗结果相比,可提高肿瘤完全坏死率,延长患者生存期.     

联合介入治疗对原发性肝癌合并门静脉主支瘤栓的疗效观察

目的 探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合瘤栓内经皮无水乙醇注射(PEI)治疗原发性肝癌(HCC)伴门静脉主支瘤栓的临床疗效. 方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2010年1月收治的51例HCC伴门静脉主支瘤栓患者资料,男性38例,女性13例,年龄24 ～ 73岁,平均50.1岁.其中采用TACE联合瘤栓内PEI治疗26例(A组),只接受TACE治疗25例(B组),两组临床资料差异无统计学意义.对比观察两组患者近期内门静脉瘤栓及肿瘤变化,随访生存时间.统计学分析应用SPSS18.0软件包,计量资料采用两样本均数t检验,计数资料采用x2检验或Fisher1s精确概率法,采用Kaplan-Meier计算中位生存期,log-rank法检验组间差异,以P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义. 结果 两组均未发生与治疗有关的严重并发症,51例患者随访3 ～ 24个月.A、B两组TACE治疗次数分别为(3.2士1.4)次对比(2.4±0.9)次,t=2.22,P=0.032;A组瘤栓内PEI治疗2～8次.对瘤栓有效率为19/26对比10/25,x2=5.685,P=0.019.治疗3个月及6个月时肿瘤治疗反应(CR+ PR+ SD)为20/26对比18/25,x2=0.163,P=0.705;17/20对比10/19,x2=2.58,P=0.027.生存时间:A组5～ 23 (12.85±6.02)个月,B组4～ 16(8.65土3.39)个月,t=3.051,P=0.004.结论 对于HCC合并门静脉主支瘤栓患者,TACE联合瘤栓内PEI治疗优于单用TACE治疗,联合治疗可以较好地控制门静脉瘤栓,增加TACE机会并延长患者生存期.     

体部伽玛刀与三维适形放射治疗原发性肝癌临床疗效比较

目的比较肝动脉介入栓塞化疗(TACE)联合伽玛刀治疗与TACE联合三维适形放射治疗原发性肝癌(HCC)的疗效。方法将50例不能手术的Ⅱa或Ⅱb期HCC患者根据患者意愿和适应证分为TACE+伽玛刀治疗组(A组)25例与TACE+三维适形放射治疗组(B组)25例,两组一般情况无统计学差异。A组先行TACE(40%碘化油+CPDD+5-FU+EADM)治疗2～3次后,再进行体部伽玛刀放射治疗。B组先行2～3次TACE治疗后,再行加速器适形放射治疗。结果治疗后3个月评价疗效,A组RR率(CR+PR)为84%(21/25),1、2、3年生存率分别为76%,45.9%,20.44%。B组的RR率为56%(14/25),与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组1、2、3年生存率分别为79.6%,30.2%,12.6%,与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与TACE联合适形放射治疗相比,TACE联合伽玛刀治疗HCC具有较高的近期有效率,而两种治疗的1、2、3年生存期差异无统计学意义。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合微波消融治疗原发性大肝癌疗效观察

目的观察肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)联合微波消融治疗原发性大肝癌的疗效。方法将60例大肝癌(肿瘤直径>5 cm)患者按照治疗方法分为观察组28例和对照组32例,观察组采用TACE联合微波消融治疗,对照组仅行TACE。观察两组疗效,ELISA法检测治疗前后血清甲胎蛋白(AFP),记录中位生存时间及6、12、18、24个月累计生存率。结果观察组治疗总有效率为96.4%,对照组为81.3%,两组比较,P<0.05。观察组治疗前后血清AFP水平分别为(399.13±430.214)、(235.31±308.047)U/L,对照组分别为(491.90±439.203)、(609.81±420.135)U/L,两组治疗前与治疗后比较,两组治疗后比较,P均<0.05。观察组中位生存时间为10个月,对照组为7个月。观察组、对照组6个月生存率分别为89%、50%,12个月生存率分别为18%、0,18个月生存率分别为4%、0,24个月生存率分别为0、0,两组6个月、12个月生存率比较,P均<0.05。结论与单行TACE比较,TACE联合微波消融治疗原发性大肝癌疗效较好,且术后患者生存率高。     

TACE联合PAI治疗巨块型肝癌疗效观察

目的评价肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）和经皮肝瘤内冰醋酸注射（PAI）联合治疗巨块型肝癌的疗效。方法47例巨块型肝癌随机分为A、B两组,A组行TACE＋PAI联合治疗,B组行单纯TACE治疗,观察两组治疗后生存率、肿块大小变化、血甲胎蛋白变化及术后肝功能、不良反应情况。结果A组累计生存率、对肿块体积的影响、对AFP的影响方面均优于B组,两组均有不同程度肝功能损伤,但不影响治疗。结论TACE联合PAI治疗巨块型肝癌疗效优于单纯TACE治疗,且对肝功能损伤轻、不良反应小。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞同步经皮肝穿瘤内无水乙醇注射治疗原发性肝癌

目的 探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）在超声及数字血管造影机（DSA）监视下行经皮肝穿瘤内无水乙醇注射（PEI）治疗原发性肝癌（PLC）的安全性及疗效。方法 选择57例PLC患者随机分为联合治疗组（TACE＋PEI）30例和对照组（单纯TACE）27例。联合治疗组在DSA下行TACE术后即刻在超声及DSA引导下细针PEI。对照组行常规TACE治疗。结果 联合治疗组在超声及DSA引导下全部精准穿刺靶点,术中中等疼痛18例,无其他严重不良反应,其术后发热、肝肾功能、血常规、PT等指标与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）,57例患者均无严重并发症出现。联合治疗组有效率为83.3%（25/30）,对照组为55.6%（15/27）;联合治疗组1年生存率为86.7%,对照组为63%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 肝动脉化疗栓塞同时行PEI治疗PLC安全性较好,其1年生存率优于单纯TACE治疗者。     

Results of liver resection for primary liver cancer

At the Zhong Shan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, between 1960 and 1991, liver resection was performed in 896 patients with primary liver cancer; local resection was performed in 552 patients (61.6%), left lateral segmentectomy in 114 (12.7%), left hemihepatectomy in 157 (17.5%), extended left hemihepatectomy in 19 (2.1%), right hemihepatectomy in 50 (5.6%), and extended right hemihepatectomy in 4 (0.4%). The overall operative mortality was 4.6%, but it was 22.0% in 1960–1970, 7.0% in 1971–1980, and 2.8% in 1981–1991. Encouraging changes in the prognostic pattern were observed when comparing the data for 1960–1970 (n=59), 1971–1980 (n=115), and 1981–1991 (n=722): the 5-year survival rate was 14.0%, 36.0%, and 50.8%, respectively, and the 10-year survival rate was 12.3%, 25.5%, and 40.8%, respectively. Significant differences in survival patterns were noted when these were analyzed on the basis of tumor size (≤5 vs >5cm), curative resection, tumor number, tumor capsule, and tumor emboli in the portal vein. In the entire series, 135 patients have survived for more than 5 years after resection, and 40 patients for more than 10 years after resection. One patient has survived for 32 years and is still alive, free of disease. The approaches to decreasing operative mortality and prolonging survival rate are discussed.     

Implication of normal liver enzymes in liver disease

Summary.  Chronic liver disease is usually asymptomatic until its late stages and also significant hepatic necroinflammation and fibrosis may be present in persistently normal ALT levels HBV, HCV carriers or similarly, in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Given the large number of persons in the general population which may harbor a clinically significant liver disease behind the screen of normal alanine aminotransferase, more attention should be devoted to future research for alternative noninvasive markers of liver damage.     

Pulmonary aspects of liver disease and liver transplantation

This article has summarized the liver-lung relationships from a clinical perspective. The physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology that link the two organs are of great importance in that many disorders described affect young patients. Indeed, pulmonary abnormalities in patients with hepatic disorders are frequent, and both the pulmonary and hepatic problems may be reversible in the current era of organ transplantation.     

Role of liver transplantation in acute liver failure

Orthotopic liver transplantation is employed as salvage therapy for individuals who are unable to recover from acute liver failure. Prognostic models are helpful but not entirely accurate in predicting those who will eventually require liver transplantation. There are specific criteria for United Network for Organ Sharing category 1a (urgent) listing of these patients. Unfortunately, clinical deterioration develops rapidly and many require removal from the waiting list prior to transplantation. With advances in critical care management and surgical technique, 1-year post-transplant survival rates have improved to 60 to 80%. Alternatives to conventional orthotopic liver transplantation include living donor liver transplantation, ABO-incompatible grafts, and auxiliary liver transplantation. There are many ethical and psychosocial issues inherent to transplanting these sick patients due to the urgent nature of acute liver failure. Fortunately, the long-term survival and quality of life in these transplant recipients is good.     

Recurrence of autoimmune liver diseases after liver transplantation

Liver transplantation(LT) is the most effective treatment modality for end stage liver disease caused by many etiologies including autoimmune processes. That said, the need for transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis(AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC), but not for primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC), has decreased over the years due to the availability of effective medical treatment. Autoimmune liver diseases have superior transplant outcomes than those of other etiologies. While AIH and PBC can recur after LT, recurrence is of limited clinical significance in most, but not all cases. Recurrent PSC, however, often progresses over years to a stage requiring re-transplantation. The exact incidence and the predisposing factors of disease recurrence remain debated. Better understanding of the pathogenesis and the risk factors of recurrent autoimmune liver diseases is required to develop preventive measures. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of incidence, diagnosis, risk factors, clinical course, and treatment of recurrent autoimmune liver disease(AIH, PBC, PSC) following LT.