实时剪切波弹性成像技术在鉴别乳腺良恶性病灶应用中的价值

目的应用实时剪切波弹性成像技术的定量性,测定乳腺实质性病灶的杨氏模量值,以病理诊断为标准,评价该技术在乳腺病灶良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法对112例患者的乳腺病灶进行剪切波弹性成像检查,并测量其杨氏模量值(最大值Emax及平均值Emean)。以病理诊断结果作为"金标准",绘制ROC曲线图,得出不同性质病灶的杨氏模量临界参考值。结果病理诊断良性85例,恶性27例。良性病灶的Emax及Emean分别为(37.85±13.74)和(23.64±11.38)kPa,恶性病灶的Emax及Emean分别为(98.87±41.65)和(60.84±24.28)kPa,两者差异均有统计学意义(<0.05);Emax的曲线下面积为0.932,大于Emean的0.915,分别以44.68、63.40 kPa作为乳腺良恶性病变Emean及Emax的杨氏模量临界值时,诊断的敏感性、特异性为83.2%、94.5%和78.1%、97.3%。结论根据乳腺病灶的杨氏模量最大值及平均值可以定量的评价肿物的硬度,为鉴别乳腺病灶的良恶性提供了一种新的可靠的诊断依据。     

剪切波杨氏模量值在甲状腺结节良恶性诊断中的应用价值

目的应用剪切波弹性成像测定甲状腺结节的杨氏模量值,探讨其在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值。方法选取2016年8月—2017年8月在河北省人民医院超声科检查的甲状腺结节患者142例(152个结节)进行实时剪切波弹性成像。以手术病理学检查为"金标准"、甲状腺细针抽吸活检(FNA)细胞学检查+超声随访为参考标准,绘制ROC曲线,分析鉴别良、恶性病灶的参考界值。结果甲状腺良、恶性结节杨氏模量的最大值、平均值比较差异均有统计学意义(t=-5.690、-5.439、-4.363、-4.804,P<0.05)。弹性模量最大值、平均值诊断甲状腺恶性结节的诊断截断值分别为42.86 kPa、23.22 kPa,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.768、0.743,诊断甲状腺良、恶性结节的敏感度分别为80.0%、75.4%,特异度分别为70.2%、71.4%,准确率分别为74.5%、73.1%。结论剪切波弹性成像测得的甲状腺结节杨氏模量最大值及平均值可以定量评价病灶的硬度,有助于甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断,其中最大值具有更好的诊断价值。     

超声弹性成像在乳腺BI-RADS4级病变中的应用价值

目的探讨超声弹性成像对乳腺BI-RADS4级病变良恶性鉴别的应用价值。方法对乳腺65个常规超声BI—RADS4级评分病灶,以术后病理结果为金标准,分析超声弹性图评分、弹性指数及病灶与同深度腺体组织的弹性比值对其良恶性鉴别诊断的应用价值,并构建弹性比值受试者工作特征曲线。结果65个病灶（良性17个,恶性48个）中超声弹性图评分对BI—RADS4级病变良恶性鉴别诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为81．3％、70．6％和78．5％。良恶性病灶弹性比值差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。应用弹性比值鉴别BI．RADS4级乳腺病灶良恶性的曲线下面积为0．753,当弹性比值诊断界值取2．7时,其敏感性66．7％,特异性77．8％。结论超声弹性成像对BI—RADS4级病变良恶性鉴别有较高应用价值。     

剪切波超声弹性成像在乳腺疾病中的应用

目的探讨剪切波超声弹性成像(SWE)在乳腺良恶性疾病鉴别诊断中的价值。方法选择茂名市人民医院2012年1月~2014年1月收治的女性乳腺疾病患者208例作为研究对象,采用SWE与乳腺影像报告与数据系统(BI-RASD)对所有患者进行定性诊断,比较乳腺腺体及良恶性病变的弹性模量值,并比较弹性最大值、弹性平均值及BI-RASD对乳腺良恶性疾病的诊断效能。结果病理诊断良性病灶176个,恶性病灶60个。SWE成像乳腺纤维瘤、乳头状瘤及乳腺病以均一的蓝色为主要表现,炎性脓肿以蓝色为主,内部可见未着色区;浸润性导管癌、浸润性小叶癌和导管内癌主要表现红色为主的杂乱色彩,导管内乳头状癌以蓝色为主,内部可见红色及无着色区域。恶性病变弹性最大值、弹性平均值均大于良性病变和乳腺腺体组织(P<0.01),良性病变大于乳腺腺体组织(P<0.01),弹性最小值良恶性病变差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均大于乳腺腺体(P<0.01)。弹性最大值诊断乳腺疾病的敏感性、特异性和准确度与BI-RASD分级比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.788、26.072、4.470,P=0.000、0.000、0.035)。结论 SWE操作简单、无需加压,可直接显示出病灶的弹性值,能够客观、量化评价病灶内部的硬度,有助于临床医师更为全面了解病灶的组织特征,为乳腺疾病的鉴别诊断提供了新途径。     

声脉冲辐射力成像技术在乳腺良恶性肿块鉴别中的应用

目的：探讨声脉冲辐射力成像技术在乳腺良恶性肿块鉴别中的应用价值。方法收集自2012年12月至2013年12月期间于我院行乳腺肿块手术的90例患者共102个肿块,术前用德国西门子公司的Acuson S2000超声诊断仪,对各病灶进行声触诊组织成像及声触诊组织定量检测,获取乳腺肿块VTI图像及VTQ参数,肿块良恶性的判定以术后病理作为标准,使用统计学处理分析乳腺良恶性肿块弹性参数的差异,以P＜0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果（1）乳腺肿块良性组65个病灶中,42个肿块（64．6％）在VTI弹性图上表现为高回声及等回声,23个肿块（35．4％）表现为低回声;恶性组37个病灶中,15个肿块（40．5％）在VTI弹性图上表现为高回声及等回声;22个肿块（59．5％）表现为低回声。（2）乳腺良性肿块的VTQ平均值为（1．83±0．58）,乳腺癌VTQ平均值为（3．70±1．46）,两者相比具有统计学差异（ P＜0．01）。结论声脉冲辐射力成像技术（ ARFI）能较客观的定量评价组织硬度,在乳腺肿块的鉴别诊断上具有较高的应用价值。     

声辐射力脉冲弹性成像技术结合常规超声诊断甲状腺癌

目的探讨常规超声（CUS）和声辐射力脉冲（ARFI）弹性成像在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值。方法CUS和ARFI弹性成像检查甲状腺癌和良性结节,分析甲状腺结节的内部回声、边界、血流分布和阻力指数等常规超声特征;采用声触诊组织定性成像（VTI）判断结节的物理性质和病灶的范围,并对病灶进行分级;利用声触诊组织定量（VTQ）技术,测量病灶内的横向剪切波速度。结果甲状腺癌和良性结节的PSV分别为36．45±11．36cm／s和33．78±10．21cm／s,良恶性结节之间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;甲状腺癌和良性结节的R1分别为0．74．±O．18和0．654±0．11,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。甲状腺恶性结节的血流供应以Ⅲ和Ⅳ型为主,而甲状腺良性结节以I和Ⅱ型为主。甲状腺良性病变VTI图像分级多为1-3级,甲状腺恶性病变VTI图像分级多为4-5级。低回声、边界不清、内部微钙化作为鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。内部血流较丰富、高阻力型动脉血流频谱是甲状腺癌较特异的征象。甲状腺良性结节和甲状腺癌的平均剪切波速度值分别为2．36±0．97m／s和4．94±2．58m／s,对比组之间的差异具有统计学意义（t=10．688,P〈0．01）。病灶内的剪切波速度值鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节,受试者工作特征曲线的曲线下面积为0．913。ARFI成像结合常规超声诊断甲状腺癌,其准确性、敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为88．8％、88．5％、89．1％、86．8％和90．5％。结论ARFI弹性成像技术结合高频彩色超声对鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节具有重要临床价值。     

实时剪切波弹性成像联合常规超声检查在诊断小儿颈部淋巴结炎中的应用价值

摘要:目的 探讨实时剪切波弹性成像联合常规超声对小儿颈部淋巴结炎的临床诊断价值。方法 选取在广州市 妇女儿童医疗中心就诊的因感染性疾病引起的颈部淋巴结肿大患儿107例,无颈部淋巴结肿大的就诊儿童130例,均行 常规超声检查及实时剪切波弹性成像,测量淋巴结的长径、短径、长短径比、弹性模量值,对两组淋巴结各项超声指标进 行统计学分析,并应用 ROC曲线评价弹性模量值在鉴别小儿炎性颈部淋巴结与正常颈部淋巴结中的诊断效能。结果 107例小儿颈部炎性淋巴结及130例小儿颈部正常淋巴结的长径、短径、长短径比分别为(21.9±6.8)mm/(6.6±1.6) mm、(8.4±3.1)mm/(2.5±0.8)mm、(2.74±0.71)/(2.76±0.78),两组弹性模量最小值、平均值、最大值分别为(7.6± 2.3)kPa/(12.9±6.7)kPa、(10.8±2.0)kPa/(18.2±8.7)kPa、(15.2±4.2)kPa/(24.7±11.2)kPa,两组均值不来自同一 总体,组间具有可比性。小儿颈部炎性淋巴结与正常淋巴结长径、短径、弹性模量值之间的差异有统计学意义(均 P< 0.01),其中,两组弹性模量最小值、平均值、最大值的诊断界值分别为8.9kPa、12.2kPa、17.5kPa,鉴别诊断的灵敏度 分别为73.8%、75.7%、84.1%,特异度为63.3%、76.9%、74.6%。结论 在淋巴结炎性期,实时剪切波弹性成像联合 应用常规超声可以对小儿颈部炎性淋巴结进行更全面的评估,为诊断提供依据。     

超声弹性成像诊断189例乳腺良恶性肿瘤的临床分析

目的探讨乳腺良性病变与乳腺恶性病变应用超声弹性成像诊断的意义。方法选择在我院经超声弹性成像诊断良恶性肿瘤患者189例,每例患者主要评估1个病灶,采用超声弹性成像诊断乳腺良恶性病变,并采用统计学软件进行分析处理。结果恶性病灶平均最大径（24．62±12．19）mm显著高于良性病灶（17．52±5．74）mm,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。良性病变中主要为纤维腺瘤,占51．28％（60／117）;恶性病变中主要为浸润性导管癌,占59．72％（43／72）。恶性病变平均评分（3．95±0．83）分显著高于良性评分（1．54±0．29）分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论乳腺良恶性病变应用超声弹性成像法可有助于鉴别,且该法有望成为一种辅助诊断的新手段。     

定量分析周围区域弹性硬度在评估乳腺病灶良恶性中的价值

目的 探讨剪切波弹性成像定量分析乳腺病灶周边硬度对判断病灶良、恶性的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析2018年12月至2020年5月经中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)南区诊断为乳腺癌的60例患者临床资料,共60个病灶,其中良性病灶31个,恶性病灶29个.测量并记录每个病灶弹性模量值[最大值(Emax)、最小值(E...     

实时剪切波弹性成像对涎腺混合瘤与沃辛瘤的诊断价值

【摘要】 目的 探讨实时剪切波弹性成像（SWE）在涎腺混合瘤及腮腺沃辛瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法 应用实时剪切波弹性成像对 30例正常健康人腮腺,12例沃辛瘤,18例混合瘤的弹性值进行比较。结果 正常腮腺组与沃辛瘤组、混合瘤组的弹性最大值、最小值、平均值、标准差之间差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,且混合瘤组的剪切波弹性最大值、平均值、标准差均大于沃辛瘤（P＜0.01）。涎腺混合瘤与腮腺沃辛瘤的最大值、平均值、标准差诊断临界值为55.81kPa、20.30kPa、9.05kPa。结论 实时剪切波弹性成像提供了组织硬度信息,有助于腮腺混合瘤与沃辛瘤的鉴别诊断。     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective

To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.

Methods

Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.

Results

The results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC₅₀ values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC₅₀ of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.