108例胃肠道间质瘤患者复发转移危险因素分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST)复发转移危险因素。方法回顾性分析108例经手术证实的GIST患者的临床资料,并分析影响其复发转移的危险因素。结果 108例患者4年累计复发转移率为29.63%,单因素分析显示肿瘤大小、核分裂象数、肿瘤原发部位、术后服用伊马替尼、Ki67指数与GIST复发转移有关(P0.05),多因素分析显示肿瘤大小、核分裂象数、肿瘤原发部位、术后服用伊马替尼是影响GIST复发转移的独立危险因素。结论肿瘤大小、核分裂象、肿瘤原发部位是GIST复发转移的独立危险因素,术后伊马替尼分子靶向治疗可明显降低GIST复发转移风险。     

三维适形放疗联合吉非替尼治疗老年非小细胞肺癌的疗效

目的 观察三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)联合吉非替尼治疗老年非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效及不良反应,评价患者的生活质量.方法 43例患者随机分为观察组(放疗加吉非替尼组)(22例)和对照组(单用吉非替尼组)(21例).两组均服用吉非替尼250 mg,1次／d,直到疾病进展、死亡或发生不可耐受的不良反应.观察组加适形放疗,每次2Gy,5次／w,至DT60 ～70 Gy.治疗3个月后,观察两组近期疗效、不良反应,并评价生活质量;随访2年评价客观疗效和生存率.结果 观察组有效率45.5％,高于对照组19.0％,两组比较有统计学差异(x2=4,P＜0.05).观察组Karnofsky计分提高+稳定者77.3％ (17/22),对照组为47.6％( 10/21),观察组生活质量改善优于对照组(x2=4.044,P＜0.05).与对照组相比,观察组不良反应发生率稍高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义.两组2年生存率比较无统计学差异(x2 =0.003 1,P＞0.05).结论 3D-CRT联合吉非替尼治疗老年NSCLC优于单用吉非替尼治疗,不良反应虽有所增加,但患者能耐受,值得临床上进一步推广应用.     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗长径5~10 cm中危原发性胃间质瘤的安全性和有效性比较

目的　比较腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗长径5~10 cm的中危胃间质瘤的安全性和有效性,并评估患者术后使用伊马替尼辅助治疗是否有明显益处。方法　回顾性分析2010年1月—2020年7月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院接受手术治疗的72例长径在5~10 cm的中危胃间质瘤患者资料。其中腹腔镜手术组28例,开腹手术组44例。比较两组患者基本资料、病理特征、围手术期结果、住院总费用。对比术后使用和不使用伊马替尼辅助治疗的生存率。结果　开腹组和腹腔镜组临床病理特征差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。腹腔镜组术后并发症发生率为32.1%（9/28）,开腹组为52.3%（23/44）,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.094）。与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组总住院时间明显缩短［（12.5±3.2） d比（15.0±3.5） d,P=0.004］;术后中位住院天数明显缩短（7.5 d 比 9.0 d,P=0.006）;首次排气时间明显缩短（P=0.003）。中位随访时间58个月（13~129个月）,期间未出现与肿瘤相关的死亡病例。开腹组有2例死亡,分别因乳腺癌和心脏病;腹腔镜组有1例死亡,死亡原因与胃间质瘤无关。72例患者中,40例术后接受伊马替尼辅助治疗,开腹组22例（50.0%）,腹腔镜组18例（64.3%）,两组接受伊马替尼辅助治疗的患者例数占比差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.414,P=0.234）。术后使用伊马替尼辅助治疗组总体生存率与未使用伊马替尼辅助治疗组相比差异有统计学意义 （P=0.015）。结论　与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜治疗长径在5~10 cm的中危胃间质瘤是一种安全有效的方法。实现R0切除的长径在5~10 cm的中危胃间质瘤患者术后使用伊马替尼辅助治疗未增加生存率,且未使用伊马替尼者未出现与肿瘤相关的死亡、复发及转移。     

吉非替尼联合贞芪扶正胶囊治疗老年人中晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的 观察吉非替尼联合贞芪扶正胶囊治疗老年人中晚期非小细胞肺癌( NSCLC)的临床疗效和不良反应. 方法 88例Ⅲb～Ⅳ期NSCLC患者随机分为联合组(46例)和单药组(42例).联合组采用吉非替尼联合贞芪扶正胶囊治疗,单药组采用吉非替尼治疗.治疗60 d后,观察两组近期疗效、不良反应及评价生活质量,随访2年评价客观疗效和生存率. 结果 联合组近期疗效有效率为19.6％,单药组为11.9％,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.096,P＞0.05).联合组Karnofsky计分提高和稳定者71.7％,单药组50.0％,联合组生活质量改善高于单药组(x2=4.376,P＜0.05);与单药组相比,联合组不良反应发生率稍低于单药组,差异无统计学意义;两组2年生存率未见显著性差异(x2 =0.556,P＞0.05). 结论 吉非替尼联合贞芪扶正胶囊治疗中晚期NSCLC临床疗效肯定,不良反应小,生活质量改善明显,值得临床推广.     

核苷类药物治疗HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者24个月的生存分析

目的 探讨不同核苷类似物对HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者的远期生存率的影响.方法 采用前瞻性队列研究,选择HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭180例患者作为研究对象,按自主选择原则,分为基础治疗组及抗病毒治疗组(包括拉米夫定治疗组、替比夫定治疗组、恩替卡韦治疗组),随访24个月,应用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析. 结果 180例患者均完成随访,4组患者基线临床特征差异无统计学意义.治疗1个月时各组生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(Breslow=4.475,P=0.215),但2、3、6、12和18个月时基础治疗组生存率均低于拉米夫定组、替比夫定组及恩替卡韦组,差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05);但3组抗病毒组生存率组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).24个月时,基础治疗组生存率仍低于拉米夫定组、替比夫定组及恩替卡韦组(Breslow 值分别为5.604、5.621、14.701,P值均＜0.05),差异均有统计学意义.24个月时,拉米夫定组与替比夫定组的生存率比较,P＞ 0.05,差异无统计学意义;但这两组生存率均低于恩替卡韦组,Breslow值分别为4.010、4.307,P值均＜0.05,差异均有统计学意义.分层分析发现基线30％＜凝血酶原活动度(PTA)≤40％或MELD评分≤29或HBV DNA≥51og10 IU/ml的患者治疗1个月时,基础治疗组与抗病毒治疗组累积生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞ 0.05);而2、3、6、12、18、24个月时基础治疗组累积生存率则低于抗病毒治疗组(P＜0.05);20％＜PTA≤30％患者随访1个月至24个月基础治疗组累积生存率均低于抗病毒治疗组,P＜ 0.05,差异有统计学意义;而PTA≤20％或MELD≥30％两组患者随访1个月至24个月累积生存率差异均无统计学意义.基线HBV DNA＜5 log10 IU/ml的患者,治疗1、2、3、6、12、18个月时基础治疗组生存率与抗病毒治疗组比较,差异无统计学意义;而24个月生存率低于抗病毒治疗组,差异有统计学意义(B reslow=4.055,P=0.044). 结论 核苷类似物能够提高HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者的长期生存率,恩替卡韦更适合患者的长期治疗.早期、中期及HBV DNA阳性的患者均应尽早进行抗病毒治疗.     

晚期胃肠间质瘤临床病理特征与伊马替尼疗效的相关性

目的探讨伊马替尼在晚期胃肠间质瘤(GIST)中的治疗疗效及其与种类病理特征之间的关系。方法接受免疫组化和病理组织确诊的晚期GIST患者172例。给予伊马替尼治疗,1次/d,均连续服药1年,评估病灶改变。结果伊马替尼治疗12个月后的疗效为完全缓解(CR)5例,部分缓解(PR)59例,疾病稳定(SD)5例,疾病进展(PD)3例。治疗总有效率为88.9%。危险度、转移灶、转移灶手术状况与使用伊马替尼的疗效有显著关系(P0.05);Logistic回归分析结果提示转移灶手术状况、病灶出现转移(包括肝脏转移和多脏器转移)是影响伊马替尼治疗疗效的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论对于老年GIST患者,伊马替尼疗效较好,且与该病临床病理特征密切相关。     

胃肠道间质瘤患者生存和预后因素综合分析

目的 探讨影响胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)患者生存和预后的因素.方法 复阅153例患者切片,以免疫组化法检测CD117、CD34、血小板衍生生长因子受体-α和Ki-67蛋白表达,结合临床病理特征和GIST生物学行为分级,分析影响GIST患者生存和预后的相关因素.采用卡普兰一迈耶(Kaplan Meier)法和Cox比例风险模型比较不同因素对生存的影响.结果 患者1、3、5年生存率分别为94.1%、7 6.3%和6 5.9%.单因素分析显示,患者预后与肿瘤直径(χ2=40.5 6 5,P＜0.01)、肿瘤部位(χ2=13.245,P＜0.01)、核分裂象数目(χ2=22.6 26,P＜0.01)、危险度分级(χ2=19.186,P＜0.01)、肿瘤有无坏死(χ2=28.6 6 5,P＜0.01)、手术方式(χ2 9.110,P＜0.01)和Ki 6 7指数(χ2=1 5.9 5 3,P＜0.01)有关.多因素分析表明,肿瘤直径＞10 cm、位于肠道、核分裂象数目＞10/50 HPF、危险度分级属高度危险性、肿瘤有坏死及Ki 6 7指数＞5%与预后呈明显负相关.且Ki 6 7指数、肿瘤大小及核分裂象数目是GIST预后的强预告因子.结论 GIST生物学行为分级法对评价GIST患者预后具有较好的临床价值;判断GIST患者预后需结合Ki-67指数和肿瘤部位等因素,为治疗提供依据.     

伽玛刀联合吉非替尼治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤的疗效分析

目的：探讨伽玛刀联合吉非替尼治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤的疗效分析。方法将71例非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤患者分为2组。观察组采用伽玛刀联合吉非替尼治疗,对照组采用全脑放射疗法联合吉非替尼治疗。对比2组患者的疗效、生存质量、生存率、不良反应。结果观察组和对照组总有效率(91.67% vs 82.86%)与控制率(97.22% vs 94.29%)比较差异均无统计学意义(χ2值分别为1.244、0.378,P 值均>0.05);观察组 Karofsky 得分有效率(72.22%)显著高于对照组(45.71%)(χ2=5.161,P<0.05);2组6个月、12个月的生存率比较差异均无统计学意义(χ2值分别为0.132、0.342,P值均>0.05);观察组脱发、头痛、肝功能损害的发生率显著低于对照组(χ2值分别为27.070、17.154、6.693,P值均<0.05)。结论伽玛刀联合吉非替尼治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤的疗效确切,能较好地控制肿瘤进展,提高生存率,且不良反应小,能有效改善患者生存质量。     

射频消融术联合吉非替尼治疗晚期肺腺癌的疗效评价

目的 观察射频消融(RFA)术联合吉非替尼对晚期肺腺癌的临床效果.方法 36例晚期肺腺癌(ⅢA、Ⅳ期)患者采取RFA联合吉非替尼治疗(简称“联合治疗组”),与33例晚期肺腺癌(ⅢA、Ⅳ期)患者单独使用RFA治疗的对照组(简称“对照组”)进行比较.两组间疗效与生活质量评分的比较采用x2检验,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 根据疗效、生活质量评分等指标进行评价,联合治疗组有效率为66.7％ (24/36),高于对照组的30.3％(10/33),两组之间差异有统计学意义(x2=9.07,P＜0.05).对接受治疗的患者进行生活质量评价,结果表明联合治疗组中有75.0％(27/36)的患者生活质量良好,而对照组中只有48.5％(16/33)的患者生活质量良好,两组之间差异有统计学意义(x2=5.24,P＜0.05).两组患者不良反应主要是疼痛、发热、腹泻等,只需对症处理.结论 RFA联合吉非替尼综合治疗晚期肺腺癌的方案优于单纯采用RFA的治疗方案.     

恩替卡韦联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌的效果分析

目的 观察恩替卡韦联合经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗HBV DNA阳性肝细胞癌(HCC)的效果及其预后.方法 HBV DNA阳性(＞103拷贝/mL)的HCC患者122例,随机分为TACE+恩替卡韦治疗组(60例)和TACE组(62例),观察两组患者肝功能Child-Pugh评分、HBV DNA定量、实体瘤体积变化和2年生存率.结果 治疗1年及2年后,治疗组HBV DNA定量较对照组明显降低(x2=26,34,P＜0.05;x2=14.69,P＜0.05),Child-Pugh积分较对照组降低(7.15±1.25与8.34±1.66,7.40±1.52与9.89±1.63),治疗组和TACE组2年生存率分别为66.7％和37.1％( P＜0.05),实体瘤缩小两组差异无统计学意义(x2=0.12,P＞0.05;x2=0.02,P＞0.05).结论 恩替卡韦联合TACE治疗可改善HBV相关性HCC患者的肝功能,抑制病毒复制,提高生存率.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.