经口输送钉砧头系统行全腔镜Ivor Lewis 食管癌根治术30例

目的 探讨全腔镜下食管癌切除并利用经口输送钉砧头系统完成右侧胸腔内食管-胃吻合的可行性,并报告近期疗效.方法 2011年1至12月,30例食管癌患者行全腔镜Ivor Lewis径路食管癌切除食管-胃胸腔内吻合术.手术先在腹腔镜下游离胃和腹段食管,然后在胸腔镜下游离胸段食管并切除食管癌,采用经口输送钉砧头系统行胸腔镜下食管-胃胸腔内吻合.结果 病变均位于食管中下段,平均长度3.8cm.全组手术均顺利,无术中并发症和中转开腹,开胸者.平均腹腔镜操作95min,胸腔镜操作177 min;术中平均出血量310ml.术后平均5.6天进食.术后病理诊断25例鳞状细胞癌,5例腺癌,切缘均阴性.胸部和腹部淋巴结每例平均清扫10.6和4.9枚.术后切口感染4例,乳糜胸1例,经保守治疗后好转;1例术后第6天因左侧膈疝行剖腹膈疝修补;无吻合口痿.结论 利用经口输送钉砧头系统行全腔镜下食管癌切除胸腔内吻合术创伤小,术后恢复快,未发生吻合口瘘.全腔镜Lvor Lewis食管癌根治术足一种安全可行的手术方式.     

单操作孔胸腔镜联合腹腔镜食管癌根治术六例

目的 探讨单操作孔胸腔镜联合腹腔镜食管癌根治术的可行性及近期疗效。方法2010年3-12月间解放军总医院应用经口置入钉砧头系统（OrVil）．行单操作孔胸腔镜联合腹腔镜食管癌根治术6例。患者先在平卧位下行腹腔镜游离胃并清扫腹腔淋巴结,然后取左侧卧位．在单操作孔胸腔镜下游离食管并清扫胸部淋巴结．最后将胃经膈肌裂孔上提到胸腔后制备管状胃．利用OrVil系统完成胃食管吻合。结果全组手术顺利。无中转开胸病例。手术时间200～320min：腹腔镜手术时间平均75（45～90）min,胸腔镜时间平均160（120～240）min。术中平均出血220（160～300）ml,平均清扫淋巴结12（9-18）枚。术后恢复顺利,未出现吻合口瘘、肺部感染、乳糜胸等严重并发症。结论单操作孔胸腔镜联合腹腔镜食管癌切除后,应用OrVil系统行胃食管胸顶吻合安全、可行。     

胸、腹腔镜联合Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术

目的探讨胸、腹腔镜联合行Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术的可行性和近期疗效。方法2007年12月,胸腹腔镜联合行Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术1例,腹腔镜经5个trocar游离胃,并制作管状胃。胸腔镜经4个trocar游离胸段食管,切除病灶并打开膈肌,将管状胃提至胸顶使用吻合器吻合。所有手术操作均在镜下完成。结果手术时间330min,术中出血量200ml,病灶彻底切除,切缘阴性。术后病理为高分化鳞癌,T2N0M0。随访3个月,无复发。结论胸、腹腔镜联合行Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术可行,近期疗效满意。     

无腹部切口的胸、腹腔镜联合IvorLewis食管癌根治术12例报告

目的探讨胸、腹腔镜联合Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术的可行性和近期疗效。方法 2010年9月～2012年3月,胸、腹腔镜联合行Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术12例,腹腔镜下游离胃并清扫腹腔淋巴结,胸腔镜下游离胸段食管,清扫胸部淋巴结,上提胃入胸腔并制作管状胃,于胸腔内行食管胃吻合。结果 12例均顺利完成手术,无中转开胸、开腹,手术时间220～320 min,平均260 min,其中腹腔镜手术时间80～150 min,胸腔镜手术时间70～170 min;术中出血量100～280 ml,平均200 ml。术后4～8 d（平均5.2 d）拔除胸腔闭式引流管,胸腔引流总量480～1040 ml。清扫腹腔及胸腔淋巴结6～12枚,平均8.2枚,其中3例发现阳性淋巴结。术后住院8～11 d,平均9 d。术后无严重并发症,恢复顺利。12例随访3～14个月,平均12个月,无肿瘤复发或转移。结论胸、腹腔镜联合行Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术可行,近期疗效满意。     

OrVil吻合技术在全腔镜食管癌根治术中的应用

目的 探讨应用经口钉砧头输送系统(OrVil)吻合技术行全腔镜食管癌根治术的可行性、安全性.方法 回顾性分析2010年12月至2013年3月53例应用OrVil吻合技术行全腔镜食管癌根治术的患者临床资料.男42例,女11例;年龄36 ～ 78岁,平均(59.3±8.6)岁.肿瘤位于胸中段13例,胸下段40例(包括13例食管胃交界腺癌累及食管下段),病变长度(3.7±1.6)cm.其中46例应用OrVil技术行全胸腹腔镜下食管癌切除胃食管右胸内吻合术,7例应用OrVil技术行全腹腔镜下食管胃交界癌切除胃食管吻合术.结果 全组无围手术期死亡,无中转开胸、开腹手术.手术(294.5±46.8)min,术中出血(172.3±102.1)ml;术后(5.2±2.3)天拔胸管,(10.1±4.3)天进食;住院(14.1±6.2)天.全组淋巴结清扫总数(26.5 ±9.9)枚/例,其中胸野清扫淋巴结(10.9±6.6)枚/例,腹野清扫淋巴结(15.1±10.9)枚/例.围术期主要并发症发生率13.2％ (7/53)例,其中吻合口瘘1例,肺部感染6例.按手术时间比较,早期15例与后期15例,手术时间由(307.3±53.7) min缩短至(266.0±24.7) min(P=0.014),术中出血量由(180.0±106.6) ml减少至(142.0±81.3) ml(P=0.281).52例患者平均随访(13.0±7.3)个月,无吻合口狭窄.1例失访.术后总生存率88.5％,死亡6例.结论 应用OrVil吻合技术完成全腔镜食管癌切除消化道重建术是微创、安全、可行的,近期效果良好.     

胸腔镜联合腹腔镜食管癌切除术10例

目的探讨胸、腹腔镜联合食管癌切除术的可行性和近期疗效。方法对2009年9月～2010年2月10例食管癌行电视胸腔镜联合腹腔镜下食管癌根治术,先取平卧头高脚低30°位,在腹腔镜下游离胃并清扫腹部淋巴结,然后取左侧卧位,经右胸在胸腔镜下游离切除食管并清扫胸部淋巴结。最后将胃由膈肌裂孔上提到胸腔,制成管状胃,将胃与食管在右胸膜顶行吻合。结果全组无中转开胸,手术时间3.5～5.5h,术中失血量200～400ml。胸腔引流总量300～550ml,术后住院时间8～12d。术后无严重并发症,恢复顺利。术后随访1～5个月,平均3个月,无肿瘤复发或转移。结论对于胸中下段食管癌,胸、腹腔镜联合食管癌切除术技术上安全可行,近期疗效满意。     

全胸腔镜食管癌外科治疗的手术模式及其演变

目的 探索全胸腔镜下食管癌根治的手术模式.方法 回顾分析2009年7月至2013年2月123例行全胸腔镜食管癌手术患者资料,包括胸内吻合及颈部吻合者,男87例,女36例;年龄38～72岁,平均59岁.按吻合部位分为:胸内吻合组(Ivor-Lewis)74例,腹腔镜游离胃,全胸腔镜食管癌根治切除,右胸顶胃食管吻合,带蒂大网膜包埋吻合口;颈部吻合组(McKoewn) 49例,胸腔镜食管游离,腹腔镜游离胃,胃食管颈部吻合.比较两组急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)发生率、术后声嘶发生率、吻合口并发症(吻合口瘘及术后2个月内吻合口狭窄),手术时间、吻合口操作时间、手术中失血量、ICU监护时间及术后住院时间等.结果 123例无手术死亡.胸内吻合组与颈部吻合组相比,手术时间及吻合口操作时间均显著增长[(371.22 ±28.38) min对(313.47±18.77) min和(72.68±9.04) min对(36.14±4.43) min];术中失血量两组差异无统计学意义;术后吻合口瘘(4.1％对18.4％)和吻合口狭窄(1.4％对17.5％)发生率均显著降低;术后总住院时间明显缩短[(20.89±3.81)天对(24.31 ±6.27)天];胸内吻合组与颈部吻合组术后声嘶及ARDS发生率无显著差异.结论 对于食管中下段癌,全胸腔镜下应用普通吻合器行Ivor-Lewis手术及袖套式大网膜包埋吻合口手术技术成熟、安全、可靠,值得推广应用;对于上段食管癌仍应遵循McKoewn术式.     

改良反穿刺吻合技术在全腔镜Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术中消化道重建的应用体会

目的探讨反穿刺吻合技术行全腔镜Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术的可行性及近期疗效。 方法收集南京医科大学附属逸夫医院2014年2月至2018年6月期间应用改良反穿刺吻合技术行全腔镜Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术的48例中下段食管癌患者资料。手术分为三大步骤：首先用腹腔镜游离胃和腹段的食管并清扫腹腔淋巴结;其次取侧卧位,游离胸段食管,切除病变食管并清扫胸腔淋巴结;最后应用反穿刺吻合技术行胸内胃食管吻合术。 结果48例均在腔镜下完成吻合,手术过程顺利,未行胸腹部辅助切口,无中转开胸手术。手术时间(253.4±57.2)min,其中胸腔镜操作时间(175.6±64.5)min;术中出血量(107.3±87.4)ml,清扫淋巴结数目(15.2±2.5)枚。术后1例重度肥胖、糖尿病、高血压患者出现重症肺部感染及吻合口瘘,经保守治疗后治愈,吻合口瘘发生率2.1%(1/48);术后3例出现吻合口狭窄,其中1例严重,行吻合口机械扩张缓解,吻合口狭窄率6.3%(3/48)。48例中47例的术后进流食时间(7.2±1.3)d,术后住院时间10～16 d、平均11 d。 结论利用改良反穿刺吻合技术行全腔镜Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术治疗中下段食管癌是安全、可行的,是经济、有效的。     

胸内食管胃吻合口瘘的再手术治疗

198 1年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 12月我们共行食管癌、贲门癌切除、胃代食管胸腔内吻合术 438例。术后发生吻合口瘘 15例 ,发生率为 3 4% ,其中 10例早期吻合口瘘行再手术治疗 ,其效果明显优于保守治疗 ,现报道如下。资料与方法　本组术后胸内吻合口瘘 15例中男 11例 ,女 4例 ;年龄 46～ 6 9岁 ,平均 5 7岁。其中胸中段食管癌 4例 ,胸下段食管癌 8例 ,贲门腺癌 3例。术前均无明显的手术禁忌证。均经左胸径路手术 ,主动脉弓下吻合 10例 ,主动脉弓上吻合 5例。吻合口瘘均在术后第 2～ 8ｄ经口服稀钡或美蓝、胸穿等检查证实。本组 5例胸内吻合口瘘采…     

胸、腹腔镜联合食管癌手术的临床分析

目的:探讨胸腹腔镜联合手术治疗食管癌的可行性和疗效,并总结相关临床经验。方法:2010年3月至2010年8月采用胸腔镜联合腹腔镜施行7例食管癌切除术,肿瘤均位于食管中上段,行胃体游离并经食管床上提胃体(管状胃)行食管胃颈部吻合术。结果:所有患者均顺利完成腔镜手术,无中转开胸病例,手术时间平均260min,术中平均出血200ml。平均清扫淋巴结12.8枚。术后下床活动时间平均3d,术后平均住院12d。术后1例发生吻合口漏,无其他并发症发生。患者均康复出院,术后随访2～8个月,均恢复良好。结论:胸、腹腔镜联合食管切除术较常规食管癌手术患者创伤小,术后康复快,且淋巴结清扫彻底,值得临床推广。     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。