ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF TYPE C VIRUS PARTICLES IN PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ-STIMULATED LYMPHOCYTES FROM HEALTHY ADULTS SEROPOSITIVE TO ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS

PHA-stimulated peripheral lymphocytes from six healthy adults consisting of four family members of an adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patient and two blood bank donors, seropositive to ATL-associated antigens (ATLA), were all positive for the expression of ATLA and ATL-associated virus (ATLV). These results revealed that anti-ATLA-positive persons were healthy carriers of ATLV and that the numbers of ATLV observed in each culture were more proportional to the percentage of ATLA-positive lymphocytes than anti-ATLA titers of each person. Virus particles detected were C-type in morphology, and essentially similar to those observed in MT-2 and other ATL-related cells, but rather uniform in size, mostly 120–130 nm in diameter. Furtheremore, it is of interest that tubuloreticular structures and striated fusiform structures, which were found in fresh or short term cultured ATL cells, were observed in some cultures of lymphocytes from anti-ATLA-positive healthy persons. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 1277–1283, 1984.     

ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN Ia-LIKE ANTIGENS AND HETEROLOGOUS ANTI-HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE SERA

Serolgoical and immunochemical assays detected antibodies to human la-like antigens in five out of five rabbit antisera to cultured human B lymphoid cells but did not detect them in five bleedings from two rabbits immunized with human peripheral blood lymphocytes. These results, which may reflect differential immunogenicity of la-like antigens from different cells, indicate that the presence of anti la-like antibodies in heterologous antihuman lymphocyte sera is not a general phenomenon as reported recently for animal model systems.     

神经垂体内5-羟色胺的免疫电镜研究

本文用免疫电镜方法研究了大鼠神经垂体内5-HT的超微结构分布。结果表明:神经垂体内的5-HT免疫反应产物定位于神经末梢的大颗粒囊泡内、小透亮囊泡表面和线粒体外膜。有时,垂体细胞胞浆也呈5-HT免疫反应阳性。5-HT免疫反应阳性的神经末梢分布于毛细血管周围和垂体细胞附迈。本文首次报道含5-HT的神经末梢可与非5-HT神经末梢形成对称性轴-轴突触。其中,5-HT末梢为突触前成分。本文结果提示:神经垂体内的5-HT不仅可通过非突触方式而且可通过突触方式释放,参与神经内分泌功能的调节。     

IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPIC LOCALIZATION OF THYROGLOBULIN IN HUMAN FOLLICULAR ADENOMA

An electron microscopic immunohistochemical localization of thyroglobulin (TG) using PAP methods has been made in 15 cases of cold follicular adenoma. All cases of follicular adenoma showed organ specific functions such as synthesis, storage, reabsorption, and hydrolysis of thyroglobulin except for an area composed of follicular cells with trabecular arrangement. Immuno-reaction product for TG was precisely demonstrated in follicular lumina, subapical vesicles and reabsorbed colloid droplets. The reaction product observed in the follicular lumen was clearly demarcated from the cytoplasm of the follicular cells by the apical plasma membrane. The subapical vesicles ranging approximately from 50 mμ to 300 mμ in diameter were rarely observed in follicular adenoma and some of them fused with the reabsorbed colloid droplets. The reabsorbed colloid droplets usually had the intense reaction product and hydrolyzed colloid droplets had a vacuole containing floccular low electron dense materials. There is no reaction product in rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes.     

人胚胎冠状动脉组织发生的光镜研究

本文用Van Gieson-orcein染色法对35例(第5周至第10个月)人胚胎冠状动脉的组织发生作了光镜观察.结果显示第5周心外膜内的间充质细胞形成了血管壁.第6周冠状动脉初步形成,内皮直接贴附于内弹性膜,中膜为1～2层平滑肌细胞,外弹性膜为2层弹性纤维组成,外膜厚于中膜.内皮下层第6个月可辨认出来.内弹性膜、中膜、外膜的厚度及管径均随胎龄而增加.内弹性膜厚度随胎龄呈直线上升,中膜和外膜厚度随胎龄呈指数曲线上升.内径和外径的比值在各期胎龄保持相对衡定.     

大鼠脊髓后角内甲啡肽标记及非标记结构与C纤维间关系的免疫电镜研究

向大鼠蛛网膜下腔注射辣椒素导致一级传入纤维中的Ｃ纤维变性后，用免疫电镜技术在大鼠脊髓后角浅层内观察到：（１）大量含甲啡肽的轴突终末与未标记树突（或棘）形成对称性（少数为非对称性）突触；（２）含甲啡肽的轴突终未与变性终末共同会聚于同一甲啡肽阴性树突；（３）少量含甲啡肽轴突终末与变性终末间形成轴－轴突触或接触；（４）变性终末与含甲啡肽的树突形成非对称性轴－树突触；（５）甲啡肽阴性轴突终末与变性终末会聚于同一未标记树突并与变性终末间形成轴－轴突触或接触．以上结果表明，在脊髓后角内，脑啡肽除主要以突触后抑制方式调节Ｃ纤维传入外，也可通过轴－轴突触或接触对Ｃ纤维传入进行突触前抑制；非甲啡肽能神经元也能对Ｃ纤维传入进行突出后又突触前抑制．此外，Ｃ纤维在脊髓后角内可通过兴奋性轴－树突触直接影响甲啡肽能中间神经元的活性．     

DISCRIMINATION OF ANTIBODIES TO HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN FROM ANTIBODIES TO INHERITED SERUM PROTEIN VARIANTS IN IMMUNE SERA OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL ORIGIN

Antisera to hepatitis B surface (HB_s) antigen, both of human and rabbit origin, have been examined. The anti-HB_s serum derived from a multiply transfused patient did, in addition, contain antibodies directed against the inherited β-lipoprotein antigen Ag(x), whereas one of the rabbit immune sera also contained antibody to the inherited Lp(a) antigen. Thus, in human, as well as in animal anti-HB_s sera, antibodies to inherited normal serum antigens may cause false positive reactions. This problem may be overcome by absorption procedures if appropriate control systems are avialable. False positive reactions caused by the Ag(x) antigen may also be avoided by use of agarose as supporting medium for the test, as Ag(x) precipitin lines do not appear in this medium. An undialysable high molecular weight component may be obtained from Oxoid ‘Ionagar’ by washing. When this added to agarose the Ag(x) antigen reaction appears also in this medium.     

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY ON THE FLOATING LIPIDS OF HUMAN LIVER

Using fractionation, subcellular pathogenesis of the fatty liver was investigated. Floating lipids were isolated from a small amount of the liver obtained by needle biopsy. The volume of the floating lipids was correlated to the grading of fat infiltration of the intact tissue. Of lipid-rich particles bound by membranous structures, the volume of lipolysosomes in the patients with liver damage associated with diabetes mellitus was greater than that of alcoholics. Hypercholesterolemia was another feature characteristic of the liver disease exhibiting lipolysosome proliferation. These observations suggest a lysosomal involvement in fatty degeneration of the liver in diabetics through an overload of cholesterol.     

NGF在成年猴脑的分布

为了解NGF在成年猴脑的分布,采用免疫组化SP法对成年猴脑多个冠状位切片进行免疫组化反应。结果证明,NGF阳性反应神经元主要分布于大脑皮质Ⅲ、V层,小脑Purkinje细胞,海马,齿状回,纹状体,脑干网状结构等处。此外,在黑质、舌下神经核、迷走神经背核、前庭神经核、三叉神经核、疑核、下橄榄核也出现NGF阳性反应。在大脑和脑干还观察到NGF阳性胶质细胞。本实验结果表明,在成年猴脑的多个脑区有NGF表达,提示NGF可能涉及猴脑某些神经元及胶质细胞的生理过程。     

大鼠杏仁体基底外侧核中DA能与GABA能神经元之间突触关系的免疫电镜研究

目的 了解杏仁体中多巴胺(DA)能神经末梢和7-氨基丁酸(GABA)能神经元之间的相互关系、探索两者在精神分裂症中作用的神经解剖学机制。方法 用免疫电镜双标技术,分别以抗DA和抗谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD、GABA的合成酶)标记大鼠杏仁体基底外侧核中DA能神经末梢和GABA能神经元,在电镜下观察DA能神经末梢和GABA能神经元之间的突触联系。结果 由DA免疫阳性神经末梢形成的突触中,有43％直接或间接形成于DA免疫阳性神经末梢与GAD免疫反应阳性树突结构之问,其中单一性突触为38％、汇聚性突触为30％、连续性突触为20％、末梢间突触样联系为12％。另外的57％由DA免疫阳性神经末梢与未标记的神经结构形成,其中在未标记的神经元胞体形成10％、树突上82％、轴突末梢上8％。由DA免疫反应阳性末梢形成的所有突触均为对称性即抑制性突触。结论 在大鼠杏仁体基底外侧核中,DA能神经末梢系统以对称性突触支配着GABA能中间神经元,同时,又与核内的谷氨酸能投射神经元形成突触联系．并影响其活动。     

二株单克隆抗体识别人类由不同位点编码的类Ia抗原分子

用人的急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞株(Reh cell line)作免疫原,得到二株抗人的类Ia抗原单克隆抗体:H4和3A4。它们对带有类Ia 抗原的所有细胞都有补体依赖的细胞毒反应。二者免疫沉淀法试验结果也都表示它们识别的抗原是由分子量为 35 K和 28 K的 α链及β链组成。这和 Ia抗原一致。但在细胞毒滴度相同条件下,H4可明显抑制 MLC反应,而3A4无抑制作用,H4单克隆抗体的 F(ab’)_2 断片也对3A4的细胞毒无抑制作用。顺序免疫沉淀研究结果证明H4和3A4这二个单克隆抗体是和不同的抗原分子起反应,提示人类可能存在二种以上类Ia抗原,分别由不同的基因位点编码。从这二个单克隆抗体对 MLC抑制反应的不同,进一步推测 D和 DR基因可能也不相同。     

大鼠心肌细胞心钠素的免疫电镜定位研究

心钠素是一种由心脏分泌的激素,具有利钠、利尿等多种重要的生理功能。本文应用先进的免疫金技术,在电镜水平上对心钠素在大鼠心肌细胞中的定位和分布进行了探讨。观察结果表明,心钠素分泌颗粒呈圆形,有单位膜包绕,直径约在200-500nm之间,分布于心房肌细胞的肌浆内,尤以核旁最为多见。其次,在肌原纤维间及肌膜下亦可见到。大鼠心钠素与α-人心钠素有完全交叉反应。本文观察结果为今后利用大鼠作为动物模型,深入开展心钠素的研究提供了参考材料。     

正中隆起内NT能神经元的SP能神经支配的免疫电镜双标研究

应用包埋前免疫电镜PAP双标技术,对大鼠下丘脑正中隆起内的神经紧张素(neurotensin,NT)和P物质(substance P,SP)的分布进行了超微结构研究。先用DAB法显示SP免疫反应,然后用钼酸-TMB法显示NT免疫反应,再经DAB-氯化钴稳定后作免疫电镜包埋。电镜观察发现:在正中隆起内SP免疫反应呈电子密度高的颗粒状或絮状沉淀,广泛分布于轴突内的小清亮囊泡周围和基质内;NT免疫反应产物则为电子密度高的针状或块状,散在分布于胞体、树突和轴突内。含SP的轴突可接受免疫反应阴性轴突的传入性突触,也可与阴性树突形成传出性轴-树突触;含NT的树突和胞体均可接受阴性轴突的传入性突触。此外,SP阳性轴突末梢还可与NT阳性神经元的树突棘形成对称性轴-棘突触及与NT阳性轴突形成对称性轴-轴突触。实验结果表明:大鼠正中隆起内的NT能神经元接受SP能神经的支配,为下丘脑神经内分泌的突触调控提供了新的超微结构依据。     

成人房室隔的研究

利用56例成人心脏标本和4例心脏切片对人心房室隔进行了观察和测量.认为房室隔位于右房与左室之间,上界为二尖瓣前瓣环和主动脉后瓣环与右瓣环,下界为三尖瓣隔侧瓣附着缘.前界为室上嵴后缘,后界为冠状窦口.房室隔分为前部与后部,分别与左室流出道和流入道相对应.测量了房室隔的下缘下、前部长和后部长,分别为2.95±0.08,1.62±0.07和1.33±0.07cm;测量后缘宽、中部宽和前部宽,分别为1.61±0.05,1.04±0.04和0.49±0.04cm.描述了各部的组织结构.对房室隔的命名、机能和临床意义进行了讨论.     

脑源性神经营养因子在成年猴脑的分布

采用免疫组织化学方法探讨了 BDNF在成年猴脑的分布。结果显示 ,脑源性神经营养因子阳性反应产物主要分布于下列结构 :大脑皮层 III～ V层的锥体细胞及突起 ;小脑皮质篮状细胞、Purkinje细胞、Golgi细胞及小脑顶核的神经元及其突起 ;海马各区的神经元、纤维和齿状核的颗粒细胞 ;尾状核、豆状核和室旁核部分神经元和纤维 ;脑干脑桥核、舌下神经核、迷走神经背核、前庭神经核、下橄榄核及网状结构的神经元及纤维或膨体。此外 ,在大、小脑的白质也可见到部分脑源性神经营养因子阳性胶质细胞。脑源性神经营养因子阳性反应产物广泛地分布于猴脑的多种区域和细胞 ,提示其功能可能涉及不同类型的神经元及可能的非神经细胞。本研究结果为探讨脑源性神经营养因子在成年猴脑的分布规律及其功能特点提供了有用的形态学依据。     

下丘脑弓状核内GABA神经元与P物质神经元相互关系的免疫电镜双标研究

为了探讨下丘脑神经内分泌功能的突触调控机制和Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）神经元与γ－氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）神经元之间的相互关系，我们用包埋前免疫电镜ＰＡＰ双标技术，研究了大鼠弓状核内ＳＰ和ＧＡＢＡ神经元的超微结构分布。先以ＤＡＢ为呈色剂显示ＳＰ的免疫反应，然后用钢酸铵－ＴＭＢ法显示ＧＡＢＡ免疫反应，再经ＤＡＢ－氧化钴稳定后作免疫电镜研究。结果观察到，在弓状核内有大量含ＤＡＢ和ＴＭＢ免疫反应产物的神经元结构，ＤＡＢ反应产物为颗粒状或絮状沉淀，电子密度高，弥漫分布；ＴＭＢ反应产物呈针状或块状，散在分布。含ＤＡＢ免疫反应的结构有ＳＰ神经元的胞体、树突和轴突。含ＴＭＢ免疫反应的结构有ＧＡＢＡ神经元的胞体、树突和轴突。两种神经元均为中、小型细胞，在弓状核内混杂分布。含ＳＰ的轴突接受免疫反应阴性轴突的非对称性突触连接；含ＳＰ的树突与含ＧＡＢＡ的轴突形成对称性的轴一树突触。含ＧＡＢＡ的树突接受免疫反应用性轴突的非对称性突触连接，也接受含ＳＰ轴突的非对称性突触连接。本研究不仅在超微水平进一步证实了大鼠弓状核内存在着ＳＰ和ＧＡＢＡ神经元及其末梢，而且首次在形态学上为下丘脑氨基酸能神经元与肽能神经元之间的相互调控提供了超微结构依据。     

大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间垂体远侧部ACTH细胞的免疫电镜研究

用成年雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠，分为溃疡组和对照组。用免疫电镜包埋后免疫金间接法村记ＡＣＴＨ细胞，研究胃溃疡自愈过程中垂体远侧部ＡＣＴＨ细胞的超微结构变化，结果显示，在实验性胃溃疡第４ｄ，一些ＡＣＴＨ细胞含少量很小的分泌颗粒，沿质膜分布，有较多的ＡＣＴＨ细胞胞质出现许多空泡。溃疡第６ｄ，ＡＣＴＨ细胞的高尔基复合体发达，其扁囊膨大部含中等电子密度的内容物，其内可见金颗粒标记。溃疡６－１０ｄ，较多的ＡＣＴ