毛果芸香碱的抗血小板作用的探讨

在发现毛果芸香碱抗血小板聚集作用的基础上,在家兔血小板实验中进一步证明(1)毛果芸香碱有抑制腺苷二磷酸、花生四烯酸和胶原诱发血小板聚集和释放ATP的作用;对腺苷二磷酸和花生四烯酸诱发的血小板变形无抑制作用,对胶原诱发的变形则有抑制作用。(2)毛果芸香碱对腺苷二磷酸和花生四烯酸诱发的血小板聚集团有解聚作用,但对胶原诱发的则无解聚作用。Nachman等证明的血小板间桥模式不能解释此现象。我们提出了两种有糖蛋白G参与的血小板间桥模式的设想。     

THE IMPAIRMENT OF PLATELET FUNCTION IN FIBRINOLYSIS AND PRESERVING EFFECT OF APROTININ

Platelet adhesion depends on the platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) and plasma von Willebrand Factor (vWF), which can be reflected by ristocetin-induced aggregation. Here we report damage effect of fibrinolysis and preserving effect of aprotinin on platelet function. Addition of 40 U/ml urokinase and 0.3 U/ml plasmin to PRP or washed platelets made the ristocetin-induced aggregation decline to 31.6% and 38.5% of control value respectively. The extent of declining was positively correlated with the concentration of urokinase and plasmin. Meanwhile, the platelet GPIb decreased to 76.4% of control value. The results showed that the fibrinolysis impaired the platelet function and this effect may be associated with the hydrolysis of GPIb. Further research found that by adding the same dose of urokinase or plasmin to aprotinin-pretreated PRP or washed platelets, the aggregation did not change statistically and decrement of GPIb is much less marked. We concluded that the aprotinin could relieve the platelet dsfunction effectively by its inhibitory effect on fibrinolytic activity.     

肝硬化病人血小板4项参数的检测及意义

目的探讨肝硬化病人血小板计数(BPC)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、血小板压积(PCT)4项参数的变化及其临床意义。方法采用全自动血细胞分析仪及其配套试剂,检测50例正常人与108例肝硬化病人的外周血BPC、MPV、PDW、PCT。结果肝硬化病人BPC、PCT低于正常对照组,MPV、PDW则高于正常对照组,差异有显著性(F=4.63~6.54,P<0.01)。随着肝功能减退、Child-Pugh评分升高,BPC、PCT等明显下降,MPV、PDW明显上升,存在明显的相关性(r=0.502,P<0.01)。结论肝硬化病人BPC、MPV、PDW、PCT 4项参数的异常与肝脏功能受损的严重程度有关,肝硬化病人血小板4项参数检测对指导临床治疗及判断病人预后有重要意义。     

西宁地区小儿血小板参数初探

本文对314例西宁地区小儿进行血小板四项参数测定。血小板计数为（210.8±71．52）×109／L。血小板比积1．49±0．51ml／L，平均血小板容积为7.16±1．170fl，血小板分布宽度为8．24±1．13X10GSD．四项参数在各年龄组间，差异性极显著。血小板计数与平均血小板容积呈负相关关系；平均血小板体积与血小板分布宽度呈正相关；血小板计数与血小板比积问、血小板比积与血小板分布宽度间无相关性。     

MECHANISM OF PRESERVING EFFECT OF APROTININ ON PLATELET FUNCTION DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS

The deficiency of platelet function is the main defect of hemostatic mechanism during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), which attributed to the postoperative bleeding complication to a great extent. The proteinase inhibitor aprotinin was reported to have preserving effect on platelet adhesion during CPB. In this clinical reserch we found that CPB caused plasma alpha 2-antiplasmin decreasing, indicating the fibrinolytic system activation. Meanwhile, the ristocetin-induced aggregation declined to 39.6% and platelet GPIb decreased to 50% of preoperative value. However, by treatment with aprotinin, the plasma alpha 2-antiplasmin during CPB did not change, platelet aggregation was improved and platelet GPIb was preserved, and consequently resulted in a 46% lower blood loss postoperatively. These results confirmed that aprotinin could inhibit the fibrinolysis during CPB, and thus relieve the platelet damage and improve the postoperative hemostatic mechanism.     

海口地区正常成人血小板表面相关抗体水平的研究

血小板表面相关抗体的研究,已成为国内外医学基础和应用研究的重要课题。为了填补我省的空白,我们对87例籍贯在海口市的正常成人进行三种血小板表面相关抗体含量测定,经统计学处理,得出本地区正常成人三种血小板表面相关抗体含量水平是:PAIgG<54ng/10~7PA,PAIgA<12ng/10~7PA PAIgM<15ng/10~7PA。实验还证明,在成人中,血小板表面相关抗体的含量与性别年龄均无明显差别,而与各地区比较却有显著的地区差别。因此,各地区需有本地区的正常参考值,绝对不能硬搬,这是不科学的。     

支气管哮喘发作时PAdT与PAgT的改变

通过对32例支气管哮喘急性期患者血小板功能的测定,结果显示支气管哮喘急性期患者血小板粘附性(PAdT)与聚集性(PAgT)明显增高,与缓解期相比有明显差异(P<0.01),提示血小板功能异常与支气管哮喘的常规发病机理有关。     

DETECTION OF PLATELET-DERIVED MICROPARTICLES USING FLOW CYTOMETRY AND ITS CLINICAL APPLICATION

Objective. To establish a flow cytometric internal standard method for counting platelet-derived microparti-cles (PMPs) and to study its clinical significance.Methods. PMPs suspension (platelet poor plasma, PPP) was extracted by gradual centrifugation. According to the size of PMPs, 3 μm and 0. 8μm latex beads were used as internal standards for the quantitation. PMPs were counted by adjusting flow cytometric discrimination and voltage of forward scatter and side scatter.Results. In 30 healthy donors, the average concentration of resting PMPs was (1. 2×105±5.7×104 ) /ml and that of activated PMPs was (1. 6×106±9. 1×105) /ml. Compared with healthy donors, PMPs mean value was significantly higher ( P < 0. 001) in 18 patients with coronary artery disease, 12 with acute cerebral infraction and 23 with chronic renal failure [the average PMPs concentration, ( 6. 1×105±2. 5×105 )/ml, ( 6. 8×105±3. 4×105) /ml and (5. 9×105±3. 1×105) /ml respectively]. However, no significant difference in PMPs     

铝对血小板的抗聚及解聚作用

我们发现Al+~3是一种抗血小板物质。实验证明Al~3+对ADP、花生四烯酸或胶原诱发的血小板聚集均有抑制作用,同时对前两者诱发的血小板聚集团也有解聚作用。这些作用均与外加的Ca~(2+)/AP~3+浓度比值有关,提示Al~3+的抗血小板作用是与Ca~(2+)竞争血小板的有关赖钙反应;而以胶原诱发形成的血小板聚集团,则Al~3+无解聚作用。本实验结果在临床上可解释铝中毒时胃肠道的出血症状;在理论上进一步支持血小板间桥分为可逆的与不可逆的两种类型。     

头颈部恶性肿瘤病人的血小板聚集功能的探讨

对59例头颈部恶性肿瘤病人和32名正常者作血小板聚集率的测定,结果显示头颈部恶性肿瘤病人的血小板聚集率(74.9±10)和对照组(53±14)比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001)。但肿瘤的临床各期之间和治疗前、中、后各组的变化无统计学意义。恶性肿瘤病人的血小板聚集率增高可能与肿瘤细胞破坏组织所产生的代谢产物和酶有关,提示以血小板聚集抑制剂可作抗肿瘤的辅助治疗。     

70例健康人体外血栓形成及血小板粘附率的研究

本文观察测定了70例健康成年和中老年人体外血栓形成及血小板粘附率。体外形成血栓长度、湿重、干重女性均大于男性,女性月经期对血流变值有影响。血小板粘附率随年龄增长有增长趋势。选用正常值应考虑年龄、性别因素。     

不稳定型心绞痛病人β-血小板球蛋白浓度的检测

目的检测不稳定型心绞痛（UA）病人在标准药物治疗前后β-血小板球蛋白（β—TG）浓度、血小板计数（PLT）、血小板平均体积（MPV）和巨大血小板（LPLT）数量。方法UA病人（UA组）66例被分为两组：A组42例有过心绞痛病史；B组24例为初发性心绞痛。以22例健康人为对照。β—TG及其他活化标志物分别在治疗前测量（A组和B组）以及治疗8～10d后测量（B组）。结果A组及B组（治疗前后）血浆β—TG浓度比对照组明显升高，具有统计学意义（F=34．17，q=9．837～13．457，P〈0．05）。UA组LPLT数量比对照组显著升高（F=21．49，q=9．468～10．619，P〈0．05），而治疗对于PLT和MPV无影响（P〉0．05）。结论UA病人的β—TG和LPLT浓度由于血小板活化而升高，正规的临床治疗未能明显引起β-TG和其他活化标志物量的变化。     

血栓粘弹性影响因素的初步探讨

应用流变使初步探讨了影响血液凝固过程中粘弹性的因素。测定结果,同一标本在不同测定槽内经反复测定,粘性模量(G″)变异系数量最大为7.07%,弹性模量(G′)为7.44%.纤维蛋白凝块G″和G′随纤维蛋白原浓度增高而增大,两者是正相关。血浆凝块的G″和G′与血小板数量呈正相关,血小板聚集功能的抑制,对血浆凝块粘弹性无明显影响。细胞成份可明显增大血浆凝块G″和G′。     

血小板激活因子前体Lyso-PAF的生物测定法及在烫伤大鼠渗出液中的含量改变

大鼠烫伤渗出液经有机溶剂萃取得到脂质部分,用乙酰化试剂使Iyso-PAF转变为PAF,再将该提取物的致血小板聚集作用与合成的PAF引起聚集的程度对比以定量。提取物经3种方法鉴定证实含有PAF。测定灵敏度可达10pg水平。提示对测定体液及渗出液中lyso-PAF的含量进而研究其意义是一种简便可行的方法。烫伤早期渗出液中lyso-PAF的含量升高可能对解释通透性变化等具有意义。     

大蒜制剂对血小板粘附活性的影响

本实验测定了大蒜制剂对人和兔血小板粘附活性的影响,并观察人血小板膜糖蛋白Ib(GPIb)的变化。结果表明,无论在体内还是体外,给予大蒜制剂均能显著抑制血小板的粘附活性,这种作用与血小板GPIb无关。     

不同年龄健康人血小板聚集功能的初探

本文对118例不同年龄的健康人进行了血小板最大聚集率的测定。结果表明:血小板最大聚集率随年龄增长而增加,在老年组、老年前组与青壮年组之间有明显差异。探讨老年期的血小板聚集功能,在研究老年期抗血小板措施和预防老年期血栓形成疾病上具有重要意义。     

大蒜取水物对动脉粥样硬化家兔血小板功能的影响

本文观察了大蒜提取物对实验性动脉粥样硬化家兔血小板功能的影响。结果表明;动脉粥样硬化时,血小板粘附和聚集,5-羟色胺(5-HT)释放和血栓烷A_2(TXA_2)生成都增加。给予大蒜提取物,可抑制这些血小板功能亢进现象。提示:大蒜提取物对血小板的影响有利于预防动脉粥样硬化形成。     

粉防己碱,牛磺酸和阿斯匹林对血小板聚集及血栓形成影响的研究

粉防己碱（Ｔｅｔ）和牛磺酸（Ｔａｕ）均能抑制ＡＤＰ、胶原和凝血酶诱导的大鼠血小板聚集及血栓形成。Ｔｅｔ抑制ＡＤＰ诱导的血小板聚集作用较强。Ｔａｕ则对胶原诱导的作用强。阿斯匹林较二药合用弱。     

早孕小鼠血小板减少机制的组织学研究

应用昆明小鼠对其妊娠早期、假孕、脾摘除妊娠早期外周血血小板计数的变化进行观察。结果表明，正常小鼠和脾摘除小鼠妊娠早期外周血中血小板计数明显减少，约１周后恢复正常。假孕小鼠无此反应。血小板计数减少与生殖管道内的胚卵数呈负相关。脾的组织学观察表明，妊娠第４天小鼠脾红髓内巨核细胞数较假孕第４天明显减少。提示早孕小鼠血小板计数减少可能与生殖道内的胚卵数、血小板激活因子及脾内巨核细胞数有关。