应用微型可吸收钉治疗尺骨冠状突骨折

目的 介绍尺骨冠状突骨折应用微型可吸收钉的治疗方法.方法 对9例尺骨冠状突骨折行开放复位、微型可吸收钉内固定,合并桡骨头骨折者复位后同样以微型可吸收钉固定.同时缝合修复损伤的关节囊及肘关节内、外侧侧副韧带.术后肘关节功能位固定4周后行肘关节功能锻炼.结果 8例进行了随访,随访时间6～20个月,平均18个月,骨折均愈合,肘关节稳定,无疼痛,肘关节屈伸功能平均110°,前臂旋转幅度平均100°.按Morrey等肘关节功能评分:优5例,良3例.结论 尺骨冠状突骨折对肘关节的功能影响不容忽视,既使较小的骨折片往往伴有较严重的肘关节复合损伤.整复骨折,微型可吸收钉固定实用有效.     

可吸收缝线辅助固定治疗肘关节软骨骨折

目的报告可吸收缝线辅助缝合固定治疗肘关节软骨骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016年6月至2021年3月收治的21例肘关节软骨骨折患者的临床资料, 其中肘关节脱位伴肱骨内髁骨折桡骨小头骨折1例, 桡骨小头骨折伴软骨部分游离6例, 桡骨小头骨折伴肱骨小头骨折6例, 肱骨远端关节内骨折3例, 肘关节脱位伴桡骨小头尺骨冠突骨折4例, 尺骨鹰嘴桡骨小头尺骨冠突骨折1例。所有患者均在术中使用可吸收缝线进行缝合辅助固定关节软骨骨折块。术后根据Broberg-Morrey肘关节功能评分标准评价肘关节功能, 记录肘关节的屈伸活动度及前臂旋转活动度。结果术后所有患者均获得随访, 时间为13～64个月, 平均23个月。1例因关节周围异位骨化形成二期行关节松解手术;1例内侧副韧带钙化, 肘关节僵硬。末次随访时患侧肘关节平均屈曲119.8°(90°～140°), 伸直-3.8°(-45°～0°);前臂旋前78.3°(46°～84°), 旋后79.6°(62°～87°)。肘关节Broberg-Morrey评分为59～95分, 平均91.2分;优12例, 良8例, 差1例。结论通过缝合固定技术修复肘关节软骨骨折...     

铰链式外固定架联合微型钢板治疗肘关节恐怖三联征

目的探讨铰链式外固定架联合微型钢板治疗肘关节恐怖三联征的疗效。方法 2008年8月-2011年6月,采用铰链式外固定架联合微型钢板治疗11例肘关节恐怖三联征患者。男9例,女2例;年龄22～56岁,平均34岁。致伤原因:高处坠落伤8例,交通事故伤3例。均为闭合性损伤。受伤至手术时间8 h～7 d,平均3.7 d。桡骨小头骨折根据Mason分型标准均为Ⅳ型,伴肘关节后脱位。尺骨冠状突骨折采用Regan-Morrey分型标准:Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型3例,Ⅲ型5例。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无神经损伤发生。患者均获随访,随访时间12～20个月,平均15个月。术后12周2例出现钉道感染,术后4个月1例出现肘关节轻度异位骨化。X线片复查示骨折均愈合,愈合时间8～20周,平均16周。随访期间均无复发性肘关节脱位或不稳发生。术后12个月,肘关节活动范围:伸0～25°,平均10°;屈120～145°,平均135°;前臂旋前50～90°,平均70°;前臂旋后50～80°,平均60°。根据Mayo肘关节功能评分标准,获优5例,良4例,可2例,优良率81.8%。结论铰链式外固定架联合微型钢板固定能提高肘关节恐怖三联征术后关节稳定性,有利于早期功能锻炼,降低肘关节复杂性损伤的致残率。     

影像学特征不典型的向后孟氏骨折的诊断与治疗

目的分析向后孟氏骨折的不典型影像学特征并探讨其诊断与治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2019年7至2020年12月北京积水潭医院创伤骨科收治的12例影像学特征不典型的向后孟氏骨折患者资料, 男7例, 女5例;年龄18～65岁, 平均46.5岁;肘关节X线及CT影像学特征:上尺桡脱位不明显;在冠状突水平或临近冠状突水平尺骨骨折端前方可见三角形或四边形蝶形骨片;肱桡关节正常或桡骨头向前脱位, 但桡骨头呈粉碎骨折、桡骨头前缘骨折或桡骨颈向后成角骨折。尺骨近端骨折采用鹰嘴解剖锁定钢板或辅助克氏针张力带固定, 尺骨冠状突骨折采用克氏针、拉力螺钉或微型钢板固定, 桡骨头骨折采用埋头钉、微型钢板或桡骨头置换, 外侧副韧带损伤严重者带线锚钉修复。记录患者骨折愈合时间、并发症及末次随访时肘关节活动度、Mayo肘关节功能评分(MEPS)。结果 12例患者术后获6～28个月(平均16.4个月)随访。所有患者骨折均获骨性愈合, 愈合时间12～19周, 平均14.6周。末次随访时肘关节屈伸活动度75°～145°, 平均100.5°;前臂旋转度为80°～155°, 平均132.0°;MEPS为50～100分, 平均86....     

可吸收自身增强软骨钉治疗桡骨小头骨折

 目的 评估可吸收自身增强软骨钉治疗桡骨小头骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年12月采用切开复位、可吸收自身增强软骨钉固定治疗22例桡骨小头骨折患者资料,其中18例资料完整,男10例,女8例;年龄13~55岁,平均36.8岁;左侧10例,右侧8例。按Mason分型：Ⅱ型14例,Ⅲ型3例,Ⅳ型1例;其中2例合并桡骨颈骨折,9例合并肱骨小头软骨骨折,1例合并肘关节后脱位伴尺骨鹰嘴撕脱性骨折。术中对桡骨小头骨折复位后先以克氏针临时固定,再用直径为1.5 mm、长度为16~24 mm可吸收自身增强软骨钉固定,螺钉不穿过对侧骨皮质,螺钉头埋入软骨下;对同时存在的颈部骨折,先复位桡骨小头,以软骨钉固定,再复位颈部,用微型“T”形钢板或解剖型钢板固定。对合并肱骨小头骨软骨骨折,其中4例给予软骨片复位、可吸收缝线经肱骨外上髁固定,5例因骨软骨片较小无法固定而去除。结果 18例患者均获得随访,随访时间6~54个月,平均31.3个月;骨折均顺利愈合,愈合时间5~12周,平均8.7周。随访时无一例出现内固定失败、血肿、积液、窦道形成、桡骨小头溶骨性变化等并发症。Broberg-Morrey评分为68~100分,其中优13例,良4例,可1例,优良率为94.44％(17/18)。术后肘关节屈伸活动度为90°~150°,平均123.8°;前臂旋转活动度为130°～180°,平均152.5°。结论 可吸收自身增强软骨钉可治疗各种类型桡骨小头骨折,术后疗效满意。     

前后路联合手术治疗尺骨鹰嘴并冠状突骨折

目的探讨应用前后路联合手术方式治疗尺骨鹰嘴并冠状突骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年5月至2014年8月采用前后路联合手术方法治疗32例尺骨鹰嘴并冠状突骨折,男21例,女11例;年龄26~57岁,平均37.7岁。所有患者均采用前后联合入路,冠状突骨折使用微型接骨板给予固定,尺骨鹰嘴骨折使用解剖接骨板给予固定,术中均达到牢固固定。记录骨折复位、固定后是否有骨折复位丢失、骨折愈合时间和并发症情况。末次随访时采用Mayo肘关节功能评分(mayo elbow performance score,MEPS)评定肘关节功能。结果 28例患者术后获8~25个月(平均18个月)随访,4例失访。所有患者骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间为6~18周,平均12.8周。末次随访时肘部屈曲活动度113°~128°,平均125°;肘部伸直活动度0°~30°,平均6°;前臂旋前54°~82°,平均75°;旋后69°~94°,平均81°。根据MEPS评分评定疗效,优20例,良4例,可2例,差2例,优良率为85.7%。所有患者均无伤口深部感染,2例患者出现肘关节僵硬。结论应用前后路联合手术治疗尺骨鹰嘴并冠状突骨折,可以有效复位及固定牢靠,有利于肘关节早期功能锻炼。     

后内侧双钢板治疗复杂尺骨鹰嘴骨折的疗效观察

目的探讨后内侧双钢板治疗复杂尺骨鹰嘴骨折的疗效。方法回顾分析2011年9月-2015年7月采用尺骨鹰嘴解剖钢板联合内侧微型钢板治疗的13例复杂尺骨鹰嘴骨折患者临床资料。男8例,女5例;年龄22~68岁,平均41.6岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤4例,高处坠落伤6例,金属物击伤3例。均为闭合性损伤。骨折根据Mayo分型标准:ⅡB型5例,ⅢB型8例。合并冠状突骨折7例,均为Regan-MorreyⅢ型;肘关节前脱位5例,后脱位2例。受伤至入院时间1.5~10.0 h,平均5.7 h。术后X线片复查骨折愈合情况;末次随访时,根据Broberg-Morrey肘关节功能评价标准评定肘关节功能。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无尺神经损伤等相关并发症发生。患者均获随访,随访时间9~38个月,平均22.1个月。X线片复查示骨折均愈合,愈合时间3.0~5.5个月,平均3.7个月;发生1例桡骨头半脱位,1例轻度异位骨化,但无肘关节屈伸活动障碍、关节不稳定及疼痛不适症状,未给予特殊处理。末次随访时,肘关节伸屈活动度达95~130°,平均116.4°;旋转活动度为150~175°,平均170.8°;肘关节功能按Broberg-Morrey肘关节功能评价标准,获优4例,良7例,可2例,优良率84.6%。无内固定失败、肘关节僵硬及创伤性骨关节炎等并发症发生。结论尺骨鹰嘴解剖钢板联合内侧微型钢板可牢固固定骨折、重建滑车切迹,允许术后早期锻炼,治疗复杂尺骨鹰嘴骨折可获得满意疗效。     

锁定加压双接骨板治疗肱骨远端C型骨折

目的探讨切开复位LCP双接骨板内固定治疗肱骨远端C型(AO分型)骨折的临床疗效。方法对21例肱骨远端C型骨折采用切开复位LCP双接骨板内固定治疗。术后3 d开始保护性功能锻炼。按照Mayo肘关节功能评分系统(MEPS)及X线片评估术后疗效。结果患者均获随访,时间18～43个月,均骨性愈合。末次随访时肘关节平均活动度:屈伸87°±3°,屈曲114°±4°,伸直27°±6°,旋前65°±4°,旋后67°±5°。肘关节Mayo功能评分:55～100(87±4)分,优13例,良3例,可4例,差1例。术后并发症:4例出现暂时性尺神经麻痹,1例关节僵硬,1例有创伤性关节炎表现。结论切开复位LCP双接骨板内固定治疗肱骨远端C型骨折能提供坚强内固定,允许早期功能锻炼,临床疗效满意。     

袢钢板技术治疗肘关节恐怖三联征的临床研究

目的探讨袢钢板技术修复尺骨冠状突骨折的手术策略及其在肘关节恐怖三联征中的应用价值和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年6月我院收治并完整随访的33例肘关节恐怖三联征患者资料,男21例,女12例;年龄26～68岁,平均38.6岁。致伤原因:摔伤21例,高处坠落伤7例,交通伤5例。所有患者均进行了手术治疗,由深部向浅层依次进行修复尺骨冠状突骨折、桡骨头骨折、外侧韧带复合体。采用袢钢板技术修复尺骨冠状突骨折;采用内固定(微型钢板、桡骨头解剖钢板或空心钉)或桡骨头假体置换治疗桡骨头骨折;采用带线锚钉进行外侧韧带复合体的修复重建;内侧韧带复合体不做手术修复。所有患者术后均配戴肘关节铰链式可调支具固定,早期进行肘关节主被动功能锻炼。结果全部患者均获18～24个月随访,平均20.2个月,均获骨性结构和韧带结构的愈合。末次随访时Mayo肘关节功能评分(Mayo elbow performance score,MEPS)为55～100分,平均85.8分。其中优19例,良8例,可3例,差3例,优良率为81.8%。2例患者出现肘关节僵硬,3例患者出现异位骨化,1例患者出现伤口感染,经抗感染、伤口换药等治疗后痊愈。所有患者均无神经血管损伤、内固定物松动或断裂、肘关节脱位、骨折不愈合、严重感染等并发症。结论尺骨冠状突骨折的修复是肘关节恐怖三联征治疗的关键,袢钢板技术修复尺骨冠状突骨折能获得良好的固定效果,恢复肘关节的稳定性,早期功能康复,临床疗效满意。     

交锁髓内钉固定治疗尺、桡骨粉碎性骨折

目的介绍应用交锁髓内钉固定治疗前臂尺桡骨粉碎性骨折的经验。方法对2 1例尺桡骨骨折,按AO分型[1] B3 型8例、C1型10例、C2 型3例,采用骨折复位、Smith Nephew交锁髓内钉固定术。结果术后随访6～3 6个月,骨折愈合时间8～2 0周,平均16.2周。术后1例骨折延迟愈合,1例锁钉钉道感染,拔钉后愈合,无1例发生骨不连。按Anderson评分标准评定优10例,良7例,可4例。肘关节伸屈活动功能丧失10°～3 5°,平均18.5°,前臂旋前功能丧失15°～5 5°,平均2 5 .0°,旋后功能丧失15°～45°,平均3 3 .5°。结论应用交锁髓内钉固定方法是治疗前臂软组织损伤同时伴有尺桡骨粉碎性骨折的良好手术选择。     

Radial head fractures and their effect on the distal radioulnar joint. A rationale for treatment.

Nineteen patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation for radial head fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed to avoid radial head excision and the possible development of distal radioulnar joint dysfunction. Follow-up observation, which averaged 11.7 months, revealed that no patient developed wrist pain. Range of motion of the elbow and forearm was found to be complete in 14 patients and minimally restricted in four. Fourteen patients were pain free with full activity, and four had mild to moderate pain after heavy labor. One patient subsequently required radial head excision. Based on these findings and the authors continued disappointment with treatment of distal radioulnar joint dysfunction caused by proximal radial migration after radial head excision, the authors recommend early open reduction and internal fixation of all displaced or angulated radial head fractures.     

切开复位内固定治疗移位的桡骨头骨折

[目的]探讨切开复位内固定治疗成人移位桡骨头骨折的手术技术。[方法]本组移位桡骨头骨折26例,MasonⅡ型16例,Ⅲ型6例,Ⅳ型4例。22例用肘后外侧Kocher切口,另外4例用肘后正中切口以便同时处理合并的尺骨近端骨折。复位后用微型钢板螺钉固定,并使内固定物不妨碍关节活动。[结果]随访平均32个月,无骨间后神经损伤及感染发生,26例骨折均顺利愈合。按照Broberg和Morrey肘部评分标准,优17例,良9例。[结论]切开复位内固定治疗移位桡骨头骨折可取得满意疗效,术中应注意以下方面：（1）保护、修复尺骨外侧副韧带;（2）防止损伤骨间后神经;（3）努力达到解剖复位;（4）固定既要坚强可靠,又要不阻碍关节的运动。     

Treatment of displaced radial head fractures by internal fixation with absorbable pins

Objective: To study the effect of internal fixation with absorbable pins on treatment of displaced radial head fractures. Methods: From May 1999 to May 2004, 16 patients with displaced radial head fractures (Mason typesⅡandⅢ) were treated with internal fixation by absorbable pins. The duration of follow-up averaged 22.6 months (12-58 months). The outcome was assessed on the basis of elbow motion, radiographic findings and the functional rating score delineated by Broberg and Morrey. Results:All fractures healed within 10 months without avascular necrosis of radial head. The mean elbow flexion loss was 15°(0°-35°), and pronation and supination decreased by 10°(0°-30°) on average compared with those of the contralateral elbow. Five patients had an excellent result, 6 a good result, and 3 a fair result according to the criteria of Borberg and Morrey. Conclusions: Internal fixation with absorbable pins is an effective method in treating displaced radial head fractures. It can maintain the biomechanical stability of forearm, improve the elbow function and avoid second operation.     

Current recommendations for the treatment of radial head fractures

Radial head fractures are the most common type of elbow fractures. Although a consensus has emerged that favors the nonsurgical treatment of undisplaced fractures, controversy surrounds the treatment of displaced radial head fractures. Further research is necessary to provide a better scientific rationale for making treatment recommendations. Options for the treatment of displaced fractures include nonoperative management, fragment excision, whole head excision, open reduction and internal fixation, and radial head arthroplasty. The purpose of this article is to review the mechanisms that result in radial head fracture, to describe important physical findings that assist in identifying injuries associated with radial head fractures, and to define the role of the various interventions described for the treatment of radial head fractures.     

Absorbable polyglycolide pins in fixation of displaced fractures of the radial head

Summary In a prospective study 24 patients with a displaced fracture of the radial head were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using absorbable polygly-colide pins, 2 mm in diameter. All patients admitted with fractures involving a quarter or more of the radial head, whether comminuted or not, were included in the study whenever there was a displacement of 2 mm or more between the fragments. The mean follow-up time was 28 months (range 15–43 months). A postoperative redisplacement of 1–3 mm between the fragments was seen in four patients with severely comminuted fractures. A transient inflammatory reaction around the implants occurred in two cases 8–12 weeks postoperatively. The functional end-result was classified as excellent or good in 22 patients (91%). This study indicated that successful fixation of displaced fractures of the radial head can be accomplished by using absorbable pins.     

Fractures of the radial head

Recommendations regarding the management of radial head fractures have experienced an evolution over the past 2 decades. Prior recommendations consisted of early range of motion for nondisplaced fractures and radial head excision for displaced fractures. Development of improved surgical techniques and implants along with a better understanding of the biomechanics of the elbow have pushed recommendations toward restitution of the normal anatomy of the elbow by rigid open reduction and internal fixation of displaced radial head fractures. Radial head excision is recommended where rigid internal fixation is impossible, and prosthetic radial head replacement may be required with associated ligamentous instability of the elbow, forearm, or wrist. Copyright © 2001 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand     

Open reduction and internal fixation compared with excision for unstable displaced fractures of the radial head

PURPOSE: To determine if excision of the radial head for treatment of an unstable, displaced fracture is associated with a higher rate of early complications or late arthrosis as compared with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). METHODS: Unstable, displaced fractures of the radial head treated with either excision (15 patients) or ORIF (13 patients) were compared. Implants were removed routinely during the study period. Three patients had instability after radial head excision: 2 were treated in a cast and 1 had temporary pinning of the ulnohumeral joint. Two patients in the ORIF cohort had failure of fixation that subsequently was treated with radial head excision: 1 had early hardware loosening and 1 developed a nonunion. RESULTS: At the 1-year follow-up evaluation there were no significant differences in the flexion or rotation arc. An average of 17 years after injury there was no significant difference in the flexion arc or rotation arc. One result was rated as unsatisfactory in each cohort according to the Mayo Elbow Performing Index. The average Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score was 5 points in the ORIF cohort and 15 points in the excision cohort. Eight patients in the excision cohort had arthrosis (5 mild, 2 moderate, 1 severe) compared with 2 patients in the ORIF cohort (1 mild, 1 moderate). CONCLUSIONS: Open reduction and internal fixation of an unstable, displaced fracture of the radial head occasionally fails, but it seems to reduce the risk of subsequent elbow dislocation and to protect against long-term arthrosis. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic III.     

Surgical treatment of displaced olecranon fractures by tension band wiring technique

Forty-five displaced olecranon fractures including 14 accompanying dislocated radial heads and seven radial head fractures were treated over a 13-year period by the tension band wiring technique. The use of supplemental internal fixation when necessary allows excellent results with the use of this technique, even in the presence of severe comminution or radial head dislocation. Primary silicone radial head implants fractured in all three patients in which they were used, necessitating repeat surgery in two patients to date. While loss of motion in terminal extension was a common aftermath of displaced olecranon fracture (59%), it was usually minor and functionally insignificant. True Kirschner-wire migration was not a common problem and can probably be eliminated by proper technique. The presence of gaps in the intraarticular surface of the semilunar notch of the ulna produced no ill effects and was compatible with excellent results. If only those cases with isolated olecranon fractures in this series are considered, there were good and excellent results in 29 of 30 cases (97%). Excision of the olecranon fragment(s) should be reserved for those cases when anatomic restoration cannot be achieved with internal fixation.     

Differential therapy in radial head fractures

The therapeutic regimen of radial head fractures, especially of displaced and comminuted types is controversial. The radial head resection has been critically reviewed over the past years. From 1984-1993 and 1996-1999, 105 radial head fractures were treated in our hospital. 74 were subject to clinical and radiological follow-up. Fracture-types were classified according to Mason. Undisplaced fractures were treated conservatively, displaced 2-fragment-fractures by an open reduction and screw fixation, and multifragment-fractures by a radial head resection. The results were studied on a functional and radiological basis using the "Functional Rating Index" of Broberg and Morrey and the radiological Score of Albrecht and Ganz. After conservative therapy over 80 % achieved excellent and good as well as 12.5 % satisfactory and 6.3 % unsatisfactory results. After reduction and internal fixation again 80 % had excellent and good results. After radial head resection excellent and good results were achieved in 54.6 % of the cases, satisfactory results in 24.2 % and in 21.2 % unsatisfactory results, however prognosis-influencing concomitant injuries were often present in the latter group. Using the right indication and technique, the radial head resection still is a recommendable therapeutic procedure with an altogether good prognosis. This especially applies to isolated radial head fractures where excellent and good results can be achieved in approximately 70 %.     

Radial head fractures with acute distal radioulnar dislocation. Essex-Lopresti revisited

Seven adults with displaced radial head fractures had concurrent dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. Because support of the radius was lost at both the elbow and wrist, proximal migration of the radius from 5 to 10 mm occurred. Different types of fractures were classified to designate the best method of restoring radial length to prevent chronic wrist pain and stiffness. Type I fractures had large displaced radial head fragments with minimal or no comminution and amenable to interfragmentary fixation. Type II fractures had severe comminution requiring radial head excision and prosthetic replacement. Type III were old injuries with irreducible proximal migration of the radius managed by ulnar shortening and radial head prosthetic replacement. There were three Type I, two Type II, and two Type III fractures. Results of treatment were graded as 3, excellent; 2, good; 1, fair; and 1, poor. The three excellent results were in patients in which restoration of radial length was achieved within one week of injury. Suboptimal results occurred in the remaining four patients when definitive surgery was delayed four to ten weeks. The poor result was in a patient treated only by radial head excision and who refused further surgery. Recommendations include meticulous clinical and roentgenographic examination of the distal radioulnar joint in all patients with displaced radial head fractures. Preservation of the radial head with anatomic reduction and rigid internal fixation is preferred, but radial head replacement may be necessary in cases with extensive comminution. Radial head excision alone, though contraindicated, may be restructured by ulnar shortening and radial head prosthetic replacement.