带翼髋臼加强杯在髋臼周围肿瘤切除术后髋臼重建中的应用

目的探讨带翼髋臼加强杯在髋臼周围肿瘤切除术后髋臼重建中的应用。方法回顾分析2006年3月至2011年3月期间应用带翼髋臼加强杯联合人工全髋关节置换术对15例HarringtonⅢ型髋臼周围肿瘤行手术治疗患者的临床资料,其中男9例,女6例,年龄26~65岁（平均45.3岁）,包括I级软骨肉瘤6例、骨巨细胞瘤5例、软骨母细胞瘤2例、肺癌骨转移1例、乳腺癌骨转移1例。结果本组病例术中出血量500~2600 ml（平均1130 ml）,手术时间156~262 min（平均185min）,住院时间15~32 d（平均22.8 d）,术后随访时间12~60个月（平均27.1个月）;术后1例出现手术切口血肿,1例腘静脉血栓,1例患者发生坠积性肺炎,1例术后15 d出现髋关节脱位,1例病例术后22个月因骨巨细胞瘤复发导致假体松动;术后髋臼外展角40°~55°,平均47.8°;术后12周MSTS评分17~27分,平均23.4分;VSA评分0~5分,平均（2.3±1.0）分;Harris评分62~89分,平均（71.2±6.8）分;1例术后18个月死于肺腺癌进展期,1例骨巨细胞瘤术后20个月发现复发,1例Ⅰ软骨肉瘤术后33个月发现复发。结论应用带翼髋臼加强杯联合人工全髋关节置换术治疗HarringtonⅢ型髋臼周围肿瘤安全、可靠,术后髋关节功能恢复良好。     

植骨技术结合金属网杯重建髋臼骨缺损在全髋关节置换术中的应用

 目的 评估植骨技术结合金属网杯重建髋臼骨缺损在全髋关节置换术中的应用价值。方法 2008年1月至2011年11月,采用植骨技术结合金属网杯重建全髋关节置换术中髋臼骨缺损32例(32髋),男23例,女9例;年龄51~76岁,平均66岁。初次全髋关节置换6例,翻修26例。PaproskyⅡB型骨缺损12例,采用打压植骨结合钛网重建;ⅡC型骨缺损13例,采用打压植骨结合钛网重建7例、打压植骨结合金属加强杯重建6例;ⅢA型骨缺损7例,采用结构植骨+打压植骨结合带翼金属加强杯重建6例、双层打压植骨结合钛网及金属加强杯重建1例。疗效通过影像学Gill金属网杯松动评定标准和Harris髋关节评分进行评估。结果 全部病例获得随访,随访时间12~25个月,平均22个月。术后12个月Harris髋关节评分由术前(44.00±11.71)分提高至(78.41±9.32)分;优24例、良4例、可4例,优良率87.5%。3例出现髋臼旋转中心轻度移位,1例发生脱位,其余28例未发生固定物松动、下沉及植骨吸收。结论 根据髋臼缺损Paprosky分型选择钛网或金属加强杯结合打压植骨或结构性植骨技术,可以重建髋臼骨缺损,从而提高髋臼杯的稳定性。     

全髋关节翻修术中对髋臼骨缺损的处理

目的 探讨全髋关节翻修术中髋臼侧骨缺损的处理.方法 回顾分析22例(22髋)髋臼骨缺损行全髋关节翻修术病例,采用打压颗粒性骨植骨、髋臼加强环罩重建髋臼骨缺损后假体固定.术后及随访时拍双髋正位片,观察有无骨吸收和髋臼加强环罩及假体位置变化,并进行Harris髋关节评分比较.结果 术后随访12～42个月,平均25.5个月.Harris评分从术前平均(43.4±3.5)分提高到术后(82.6±2.8)分,X线片1例出现轻微骨吸收,未出现内固定移位及臼杯松动病例.结论 在髋关节翻修中采用打压植骨、髋臼加强环罩支撑能重建髋臼侧骨缺损,为髋臼假体提供早期稳定.     

混合植骨技术结合髋臼加强杯或钛网杯重建髋臼严重骨缺损

 目的 探讨自体骨和异体冷冻干燥骨混合植骨方法在治疗髋臼严重骨缺损中恢复髋臼骨量的作用,评价混合植骨技术结合髋臼加强杯或钛网杯重建髋臼的临床效果。方法 1999年4月至2007年12月,采用自体骨和异体冷冻干燥骨混合打压植骨结合髋臼加强杯或钛网杯对髋臼严重骨缺损18例19髋进行重建。男8例,女10例;年龄33~76岁,平均64.7岁。全髋关节置换术后髋臼周围骨溶解导致髋臼假体松动而行翻修术17例,髋臼发育不良行髋臼截骨术后继发髋关节骨关节炎行全髋关节置换1例。Paprosky ⅡB型骨缺损5髋,Paprosky ⅡC型2髋,Paprosky ⅢA型6髋,Paprosky ⅢB型6髋。结果 全部病例随访3.6~12.3年,平均6.5年。Harris髋关节评分由术前平均(38.7±9.6)分提高至末次随访(87.6±7.8)分。术后3~6个月X线检查可见髋臼植骨区骨长入,1年后植骨区骨整合良好。随访期间未发现髋臼再松动病例。1例出现髋臼聚乙烯明显磨损,髋关节旋转中心上移。结论 自体骨和异体冷冻干燥骨混合打压植骨可有效恢复髋臼骨量,植骨中加入的自体骨可促进植骨区骨长入,混合植骨方法结合髋臼加强杯或钛网杯固定治疗髋臼严重骨缺损疗效确切。     

人工全髋关节置换术中非感染性髋臼骨缺损的治疗策略

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术在治疗非感染性髋臼骨缺损中的应用。方法 2000年1月至2010年1月间40例非感染性髋臼骨缺损初次行全髋关节置换患者,其中CroweⅢ、Ⅳ型先天性髋关节脱位18例,髋关节感染后融合14例,陈旧性髋臼骨折8例。内移髋关节旋转中心17例,结构性植骨13例,颗粒松质骨打压植骨10例;有14例应用钛网,9例重建钢板,7例加强杯固定。术前术后进行临床评估及X线评估。结果本组手术全部成功,术后无感染发生。本组40例患者随访8～42个月,平均（10.4±2.1）个月,随访时无假体松动,关节无疼痛,患者对手术结果满意,髋关节功能较术前明显改善,术前平均Harris评分为（58.4±6.1）分,术后为（88.6±3.1）分;术后平均Harris评分较术前提高明显,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对非感染性髋臼节段性和混合性骨缺损进行大块植骨并辅以颗粒骨,并选用牢固的钉板系统固定,将髋臼重建在真臼位置,并尽量采用非骨水泥型臼杯,通过不同的重建方法可以获得良好的髋关节功能。     

髋臼周围肿瘤的切除与重建

目的 探讨髋臼周围肿瘤切除与重建的方式及合并症。方法 回顾分析1997年7月至2003年7月髋臼部位原发肿瘤患者行肿瘤切除重建手术的临床资料。3l例患者中,男性19例,女性12例,年龄12～78岁,平均年龄37岁。其中,软骨肉瘤12例、尤文瘤1例、骨肉瘤3例、淋巴瘤1例、癌肉瘤1例、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例、骨髓瘤2例、骨巨细胞瘤9例、动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例。2l例患者行髋臼切除、骨盆重建,其中人工半骨盆8例、马鞍式关节7例、灭活再植 人工髋关节置换6例。10例患者行肿瘤刮除 骨水泥填充 人工髋关节置换。结果 21例行Ⅱ区肿瘤切除、髋臼重建的患者中,5例出现局部复发,其中3例为行半骨盆灭活再植的患者。3例骨肉瘤中2例死亡;12例软骨肉瘤患者中,随访9人,6例无瘤生存。术后2个月后,21例患者能够正常坐、扶单拐行走。结论 髋臼区域的肿瘤切除后可行异体或人工半骨盆移植进行修复,或将瘤段骨壳灭活再植进行重建。髋臼周围肿瘤切除重建的过程中应注意：(1)广泛切除肿瘤;(2)熟悉各种髋臼重建方法的优缺点,防止合并症的发生;(3)髋臼重建后的稳定性较差,应注意站立时在健侧拄一手杖,保护再造髋关节;(4)预防皮缘坏死及伤口感染,骨盆肿瘤切除容易发生伤口问题。     

髋臼加强环联合同种异体骨植骨重建髋臼在髋关节翻修中的应用

目的总结髋臼加强环(Cage)联合同种异体骨植骨重建髋臼在髋关节翻修术中的应用及疗效。方法 2006年2月-2010年8月,对14例(14髋)行人工全髋关节翻修术的重度髋臼骨缺损患者采用Cage联合同种异体骨植骨重建髋臼。男6例,女8例;年龄45～76岁,平均59.2岁。初次置换至此次翻修术时间为5～12年,平均7.2年。翻修原因:感染8例,骨溶解及假体松动6例。术前髋关节功能Harris评分为(37.7±5.3)分。髋臼骨缺损按照美国骨科医师协会(AAOS)分型标准:Ⅲ型8例,Ⅳ型6例。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无坐骨神经损伤、下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。患者均获随访,随访时间14～62个月,平均44个月。患者疼痛症状均明显缓解或消失。末次随访时髋关节Harris评分为(89.7±3.2)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=—44.40,P=0.04)。X线片示髋臼假体均无松动,植骨未见明显吸收,并逐渐与宿主骨融合。结论在髋关节翻修时,采用Cage联合同种异体骨植骨能有效修复髋臼骨缺损并重建髋臼,近期疗效满意,远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。     

髋臼缺损时的全髋置换

目的研究髋臼骨缺损时全髋置换术髋臼重建的手术方法.方法因先天性髋关节发育不良、全髋关节置换术失败等原因致髋臼缺损的178例(215髋)行全髋置换术或翻修术,应用非骨水泥假体臼,采用加深髋臼、上移髋臼、大型髋臼填充或结构植骨等方法重建骨性髋臼,其中男62例、女116例,178例中162例随访12个月～10年,平均62个月.结果根据MerleD'Aubigne评分方法,优40例,良69例,中50例,差3例.结论各种髋臼骨缺损应根据X线拍片及CT加以明确,观察其运动中心、上移程度,对髋臼重建方法的选择特别有意义.非骨水泥假体重建成功与否有赖于假体稳定并尽量多与宿主骨接触并避免或减少结构性植骨.     

髋臼缺损时的全髋置换

目的：研究髋臼骨缺损时全髋置换术髋臼重建的手术方法。方法：因先天性髋关节发育不良、全髋关节置换术失败等原因致髋臼缺损的178例(215髋)行全髋置换术或翻修术，应用非骨水泥假体臼，采用加深髋臼、上移髋臼、大型髋臼填充或结构植骨等方法重建骨性髋臼，其中男62例、女116例，178例中162例随访12个月-10年，平均62个月。结果：根据Merle D’Aubigne评分方法，优40例，良69例，中50例，差3例。结论：各种髋臼骨缺损应根据X线拍片及CT加以明确，观察其运动中心、上移程度，对髋臼重建方法的选择特别有意义。非骨水泥假体重建成功与否有赖于假体稳定并尽量多与宿主骨接触并避免或减少结构性植骨。     

全髋关节翻修术中髋臼假体的选择和髋臼骨缺损的处理

目的探讨全髋关节翻修术中髋臼假体的选择和髋臼骨缺损的处理。方法2002年1月至2007年6月收治资料较完整的全髋关节翻修术患者共55例，其中行髋臼假体翻修术的患者有36例，男8例，女28例；年龄52～86岁，平均73岁。左髋13例，右髋23例。髋臼翻修原因：髋臼假体松动20例，髋臼和股骨假体均有明显松动12例；头臼不匹配2例；髋臼假体位置不良导致复发性脱位2例。髋臼骨缺损21例，按照美国矫形外科学会（AAOS）分类标准：Ⅰ型：节段性骨缺损6例；Ⅱ型：腔隙性骨缺损9例；Ⅲ型：混合型骨缺损6例。结果36例中，4例仅翻修髋臼侧假体，保留原股骨假体；3例更换了磨损严重的聚乙烯内衬，未予更换金属假体，其余29例均行全髋关节置换翻修术。髋臼骨缺损21例中，6例使用颗粒骨打压植骨＋骨水泥假体，2例为结构性和颗粒性打压植骨＋骨水泥假体，9例为结构性植骨＋颗粒打压植骨后，使用金属加强环＋骨水泥假体，1例为结构性植骨后，使用常规髋臼假体，3例仅对局部骨缺损部位进行植骨未予更换稳定的金属假体。随访时间6～68个月，平均39个月。Harris评分由术前的平均48分，提高至随访时平均89分。结论机械性磨损是人工髋关节松动翻修的主要原因；翻修时，假体的选择和骨缺损的处理要根据患者个体情况差异和术中具体情况综合考虑；周密的术前计划、准备多种类型髋臼假体供术中选择、充分自体和异体植骨是保证手术顺利进行的根本。     

Hip-vagina fistula after acetabular revision

A case of a fistula between the hip and the vagina in a 46-year-old woman after acetabular revision for a failed total hip arthroplasty (THA) is presented. This patient had undergone multiple revision procedures complicated by infection after a primary THA failed because of chronic recurrent dislocation. The patient 18 months after reconstruction of a pelvic discontinuity using an antiprotrusio cage. The chief complaint was weight-bearing groin pain and persistent atypical vaginal discharge. Plain radiographs showed a fracture of the antiprotrusio cage with medial and superior migration of the acetabular cage into the pelvis. An arthrogram showed a fistula between the hip joint and the vagina. To our knowledge, a hip-vaginal fistula has not been reported previously as a complication of THA.     

Neurovascular injuries in acetabular reconstruction cage surgery: an anatomical study

Acetabular reconstruction cages are indicated for severe combined segmental and cavitary acetabular bone defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implications of screw placement and drill plunge and the potential insult to anatomical structures when implanting acetabular reconstruction cages. A segmental cavitary defect was reamed into the acetabulum and a cage was implanted in each of the 10 hemipelvises. The relative course of the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle was mapped to assess dissection intervals. When cage screws were placed at least 15 mm longer than needed, 13% and 20% of screws of the superior flange and anterior rim hit the femoral nerve, respectively, and approximately 60% of the screws placed in the posterior rim endangered the obturator nerve. A "safe zone" for screw size may be a 15- and 25-mm screw for the superior flange and posterior rim, respectively.     

Early results of revision acetabular cup using antiprotrusio reconstruction rings and allografts

Background:Hip arthroplasty is one of the most frequently performed orthopedic procedures with high scores of success while its most common complication is aseptic loosening of the acetabular component, which may result from host bone loss or even from pelvis discontinuity. The purpose of the study was to evaluate results in patients after revision acetabular arthroplasty with reconstruction rings and allografts.Results:The mean followup period of the patients was 7.2 years (range 3-19 years). A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that a 3- and 10 year survival rate was 92.8% and 84.8% respectively, using further revision for any reason of the acetabular device as an end point. Eight patients revealed implant related complications. Four patients presented with ring loosening, one with a loose acetabular polyethylene cup, two hips demonstrated recurrent dislocations and one patient was with deep infection. Regarding the remaining 61 patients without re-revision surgery, the mean Harris hip score improved from 30.5 to 73.8 points.Conclusion:A modified, antiprotrusion cage provides an acceptable survival rate and radiological results, but complications could still be expected. It seems that the observed massive bone loss with pelvic discontinuity and an insufficient fixation of the cage to the ischium may result in implant loosening. Stable fixation of the ischial ring flange with screws is an essential condition to expect a good outcome.     

髋臼PaproskyⅢ型骨缺损髋臼加强杯翻修的中期疗效

目的 探讨髋臼Paprosky Ⅲ型骨缺损采用异体骨植骨结合髋臼加强杯翻修的中期临床疗效 方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2009年12月采用髋臼加强杯翻修髋臼Paprosky Ⅲ型骨缺损患者的病历资料,19例(20髋)最终获得随访,男11例,女8例;年龄42～76岁,平均(57.4±6.4)岁.Paprosky ⅢA型7例(35％),ⅢB型13例(65％).平均随访(5.8±2.4)年.评价患者手术前后髋关节功能、术后髋臼加强杯的影像学稳定性和植骨效果.以髋臼加强杯失败为终点,采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析评价髋臼加强杯的五年生存率.结果 术前Harris髋关节评分为6～31分,平均(14.6±4.3)分,末次随访时为64～98分,平均(83.5±7.9)分.术前肢体平均短缩(26.3±9.1) mm,术后肢体平均短缩(1.2±3.4) mm.术前髋关节旋转中心相对于解剖旋转中心向上方平均移位(23.6±7.4) mm,向外平均移位(4.4±14.7)mm;术后关节旋转中心均恢复到Ranawat三角内.所有病例植入的异体骨均与宿主骨融合.无髋臼加强杯移位、螺钉断裂、进展性透亮线以及骨水泥断裂发生.3例(3髋)患者(15％)出现轻度骨吸收,未出现中度或重度骨吸收患者.髋形假体的五年生存率为100％(95％可信区间,0.95～1.0).结论 对于髋臼Paprosky Ⅲ型骨缺损采用异体骨植骨结合髋臼加强杯重建髋臼可获得较满意的中期翻修效果.     

Survival Analysis of Allografting and Antiprotrusio Cage in Treating Massive Acetabular Bone Defects

BackgroundMassive acetabular bone defects reconstructed with allografting and antiprotrusio cage in revision hip arthroplasty is less reported in the literature. We here report a series of 84 antiprotrusio cages and analyze the risk factors associated with failure.MethodsAll instances of use of an antiprotrusio cage for massive acetabular defect (Paprosky type IIc, III, and pelvic discontinuity) between 2002 and 2017 in the authors’ institute were reviewed after institutional review board’s approval. Survival analyses based on clinical data, bone defect (Paprosky system), type of allograft, size of cage, fixation quality, and position of cage were performed. Failure was defined as cage loosening or breakage, poor hip function, or cage revision for any reason.ResultsA total of 84 cages in 77 patients (mean age, 62.9 years), with a mean follow-up period of 6.2 years, had a survival rate of 82.1%. Failure was noted in 15 hips, including mechanical failure in 8 hips, recurrent dislocation in 1 hip, poor hip function in 1 hip, and periprosthetic joint infection in 5 hips. Pelvic discontinuity, reconstruction with morselized allograft alone, and fewer than 4 fixation points to the host bone were associated with higher failure rates (hazard ratios, 4.02, 3.42, and 9.9, respectively).ConclusionWe found that an antiprotrusio cage combined with strut allografts, fixed securely to the host bone (>4 fixation points), are beneficial for the management of massive acetabular bone defects. However, pelvic discontinuity remains a challenge that warrants the further study of technical or prosthetic innovations, such as tri?ange implants, cup cage, and 3D-printed implants.     

Revision arthroplasty using an anti-protrusio cage for massive acetabular bone deficiency.

Revision hip arthroplasty in patients with massive acetabular bone deficiency has generally given poor long-term results. We report the use of an 'anti-protrusio cage', secured to the ischium and ilium, which bridges areas of acetabular bone loss, provides support for the acetabular socket, and allows pelvic bone grafting in an environment protected from excessive stress. Forty-two failed hip arthroplasties with massive acetabular bone loss were revised with the Burch-Schneider anti-protrusio cage and evaluated after two to 11 years (mean five years). There was failure due to sepsis in five hips (12%) and aseptic loosening in five (12%); the remaining 32 hips (76%) showed no evidence of acetabular component failure or loosening.     

Pathologic acetabular fractures: new concepts in surgical management

Pathologic fracture of the pelvis and acetabulum secondary to metastases is a disabling condition for cancer patients. Management has for the most part remained nonoperative because the complexities of pelvic anatomy and reconstruction yield risks which have outweighed potential benefits. No advances in surgical reconstruction have been reported in one and a half decades. Previous reports and ideas addressing surgical reconstruction have focused on which type of total hip arthroplasty best suits the acetabular bone stock remaining following removal of the tumor. As improving medical management of metastatic cancer increases longevity, improved methods for surgical management of pathologic fractures are required. A new concept for surgically managing periacetabular fractures due to metastases is introduced whose premise is based on pelvic rather than hip pathology. Resection of tumor-infiltrated acetabular columns creates reconstructive challenges best met by the techniques and knowledge gained from trauma surgeons repairing acetabular fractures. The additional use of reinforced polymethylmethacrylate and subchondral bone cement augments fixation. These concepts have been incorporated into a new classification system and treatment strategy which is critically examined in 13 individuals. Tumor resection and pelvic-periacetabular reconstruction can satisfactorily be performed through extensile pelvic approaches without necessarily performing a hip arthroplasty. A more complete oncologic resection, superior reconstruction, and quicker rehabilitation for affected individuals can result in approximately one half of individuals.     

Early postoperative acetabular discontinuity after total hip arthroplasty

Periprosthetic acetabular fracture is a rare complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, we have treated 2 patients with acute postoperative acetabular discontinuity that occurred 2 and 3 weeks after primary THA. Both fractures were in elderly osteoporotic female patients with minimal trauma and may have developed from unrecognized intraoperative fractures. Pelvic stability was restored with acetabular revision using medial morselized bone grafting and a cemented reconstruction cage. This report demonstrates that early postoperative periprosthetic acetabular discontinuity after THA is a risk in elderly patients with severe osteoporosis and that salvage of acetabular fixation can be achieved with cemented cage reconstruction and medial morselized bone grafting.     

全髋关节置换术中髋臼意外的处理

目的 探讨全髋置换术中髋臼意外的处理方法。方法 回顾性分析11例13髋全髋置换术中出现的髋臼假体床骨质不足、缺损,利用截除的股骨头自体植骨进行修补或重建,对髋臼顶被锉穿盆腔出血,采用填塞止血并用股骨头松质骨骨泥填塞后重建。结果 随访6个月～3年,通过临床和放射学评定,优良率达84.62％,无髋臼假体松动及移位。结论 利用自体股骨头移植修复、重建置换术中出现意外的髋臼,可以获得较满意的结果。     

Allogeneic cancellous bone graft and a Burch-Schneider ring for acetabular reconstruction in revision hip arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: There is an ever-increasing number of failed hip arthroplasties associated with massive deficiency of acetabular bone stock consisting of a segmental or cavitary defect. This study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term results after use of morselized cryopreserved allogeneic bone graft and an antiprotrusio cage to treat such a deficiency. METHODS: From January 1, 1988, to January 1, 1994, forty-one patients (forty-one hips) with an acetabular defect classified as type IIl or IV according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons system were operated on with use of a Burch-Schneider ring and morselized cryopreserved allogeneic cancellous bone graft. Thirty-eight patients (thirty-eight hips) were available for clinical and radiographic follow-up examinations at an average of 7.3 years (range, 4.2 to 9.4 years) after surgery. RESULTS: All measured clinical parameters had improved significantly by the time of the follow-up examination (p < 0.0001). Radiographs confirmed that none of the thirty-eight hips had any measurable migration or displacement of the acetabular component and that osseous consolidation occurred only within the grafted area in all patients. CONCLUSION: Acetabular reconstruction with use of morselized cryopreserved allogeneic cancellous bone graft and the Burch-Schneider ring can be highly successful in managing massive acetabular deficiencies in revision hip arthroplasty.