腕管综合征的治疗方法选择与疗效评价

目的 评价不同方法治疗腕管综合征(CTS)的疗效,为提高CTS的诊治水平提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2005年5月至2009年9月收治的162例CTS患者,其中轻度CTS 96例,重度CTS 54例,正中神经完全损伤型CTS 12例.针对不同类型患者分别采用保守治疗、单纯腕管松解手术治疗、腕管+掌腱膜完全松解手术治疗.比较治疗前后患者的临床表现、神经电生理检测、Chen W-S腕部正中神经损害疗效评分等指标.结果 162例患者治疗后获6～36个月(平均15个月)随访.轻度CTS:3种治疗方法均有效,临床症状改善明显,经治疗后Chen W-S评分由(73.1±6.5)分提高到(94.9±8.7)分,手术治疗较保守治疗效果无明显优势.重度CTS:3种治疗方法均有效,保守治疗患者治疗后Chen W-S评分提高了(9.9±1.4)分,单纯腕管松解手术后Chen W-S评分提高了(24.6±8.2)分,腕管+掌腱膜完全松解手术后Chen W-S评分提高了(33.9±7.5)分,腕管+掌腱膜完全松解手术的疗效优于单纯腕管松解手术,而二者均优于保守治疗.正中神经完全损伤型CTS:治疗后临床症状改善不明显.结论 早期发现、及时治疗并去除发病诱因是促进CTS患者恢复的有效措施.针对CTS的不同损伤程度,采用不同的治疗方法可促进手部功能恢复.     

腕管综合征手术方式的选择和治疗效果分析

目的回顾性分析不同类型腕管综合征（carpal tunnel syndrome,CTS）的手术方式选择并初步分析其临床疗效。 方法84例（108侧）诊断为CTS并实施手术治疗的患者,术式为腕管切开减压神经松解术或内镜下腕横韧带切断术,随访时根据患者术前是否有夜间因麻木、疼痛而醒来的病史将患者分为滑膜型CTS和卡压型CTS,并根据Kelly标准对术后疗效进行评价。 结果滑膜型CTS患者45例（59侧）,卡压型CTS患者39例（49侧）,滑膜型CTS腕管切开减压术中可见大量滑膜增生及正中神经明显充血水肿,且滑膜组织病理检查可见大量淋巴细胞浸润,而卡压型CTS腕管切开减压术中见正中神经以机械性压迫改变为主,未见大量滑膜增生。74例（98侧）患者获得随访,随访时间平均（30±19.2）个月,疗效根据Kelly标准评估,所有行腕管切开减压术患者随访时的优良率（94.9%）明显高于内镜手术患者（75.0%）（P=0.016）,其中行腕管切开减压术的滑膜型CTS和卡压型CTS患者随访时优良率分别为95.6%和93.9%,两组相比差异无统计学意义（P=0.749）,滑膜型CTS患者中行腕管切开减压术组优良率（95.6%）明显高于内镜手术组（62.5%）（P=0.020）,而卡压型CTS患者行腕管切开减压术组优良率（93.9%）与内镜手术组（83.3%）相比差异无统计学意义（P=0.286）,行内镜手术的两种类型CTS病例数虽均较少,但卡压型CTS组患者的优良率（83.3%）大于滑膜型CTS组（62.5%）。 结论腕管切开减压神经松解术是手术治疗CTS确实有效的方法,内镜下腕横韧带切断术对于卡压型CTS患者可以达到和腕管切开减压手术相近的临床疗效,但对于滑膜型CTS患者则疗效不佳,应慎重选择。     

腕管综合征治疗进展

腕管综合征是腕管内正中神经受压而产生的一系列手部症状和功能障碍,其发病率近年来逐渐上升。对轻度或中度的腕管综合征患者,可考虑保守治疗,目前认为疗效较明确的有支具固定和皮质类固醇激素局部注射。对严重或经保守治疗无效的腕管综合征患者,可选用手术治疗,肌肉萎缩是手术治疗绝对指征,腕管松解减压术是最常用手术,包括传统的腕管切开松解减压术和内镜下腕管松解减压术,两种手术的长期疗效和并发症率无显著差别。手术治疗的成功率明显高于保守治疗。     

腕管综合征治疗进展

腕管综合征是腕管内正中神经受压而产生的一系列手部症状和功能障碍,其发病率近年来逐渐上升。对轻度或中度的腕管综合征患者,可考虑保守治疗,目前认为疗效较明确的有支具固定和皮质类固醇激素局部注射。对严重或经保守治疗无效的腕管综合征患者,可选用手术治疗,肌肉萎缩是手术治疗绝对指征,腕管松解减压术是最常用手术,包括传统的腕管切开松解减压术和内镜下腕管松解减压术,两种手术的长期疗效和并发症率无显著差别。手术治疗的成功率明显高于保守治疗。     

复发的腕管综合征的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨复发的腕管综合征(CTS)的显微外科治疗效果. 方法 2001年6月至2009年12月采用显微神经松解联合带血管蒂小鱼际皮下脂肪瓣(HTFPF)治疗21例复发的CTS患者,男5例,女16例;年龄35～78岁,平均52.2岁.17例采用腕管切开松解减压术后复发,4例采用内镜下腕管松解术后复发.术后复发时间5 ～35个月,平均19.6个月.按照CTS分型:中度8例,重度13例.所有患者桡侧3～4个手指麻木、疼痛,有麻刺感;Tinel征均阳性;食指指腹两点分辨觉5～14mm,平均9.3mm;握力6～18 kg,平均11.7 kg.所有患者复发后采取保守治疗3周均无效.结果 21例患者术后获18 ～48个月(平均24.4个月)随访.正中神经卡压症状明显改善时间2～14d,平均7.2d;两点辨别觉提高至2～8mm,平均4.0 mm;握力18～37 kg,平均23.5 kg.所有患者手指活动、感觉正常,麻木、针刺感消失,无明显的腕部疼痛,拇指对掌功能正常,肌电图检查均阴性,Tinel征、Phalen征、Reverse Phalen征均阴性.术后18个月,按CTS功能评定标准:优16例,良4例,可1例,优良率为95.2％,腕部主观疼痛减轻率达100％.所有患者均恢复正常工作和生活.全部患者术后未出现支柱疼痛、小鱼际疼痛、反射性交感神经营养不良、正中神经及其返支、掌浅弓损伤等并发症. 结论 显微外科治疗是治疗复发的CTS的有效方法,显微神经松解联合HTFPF可以恢复正中神经的滑动,并提供良好的软组织营养基床,显著改善复发的CTS患者的症状.     

内镜在腕管综合征治疗中的应用选择

目的探讨内镜治疗腕管综合征（carpal tunnel syndrome,CTS）的病例选择。方法2004年7月～2007年9月,用内镜技术治疗21例（24腕）CTS。手术在局麻下进行,距腕横纹近侧3cm处掌长肌腱尺侧横切口1cm,前臂筋膜深层分离将专用外套管置入腕管,在内镜监视下用专用钩刀切断腕横韧带。术后1、2、3、5个月随访。结果术后5个月时按Kelly法疗效评级：优11例;良6例;一般2例（3腕）;差2例。其中疗效差1例于内镜术后7个月行传统开放手术神经干束间松解而缓解,1例存在明显的手指皮肤痛觉过敏并皮肤干燥等交感神经症状而继续保守治疗。结论按如下原则选择内镜处理或开放手术治疗CTS：①特发性病例内镜处理;继发性病例开放手术,如类风湿关节炎所致的滑膜增生肿胀,腕内骨折后畸形,腕管内肿瘤、囊肿、炎症、痛风,神经干自身病变等。②拇指对掌功能有障碍及晚期CTS选择开放手术。③老年患者（〉60岁）优先考虑开放手术;年轻、有较高职业和外观要求的患者可以优先考虑内镜治疗。     

腕管切开减压术与内镜下腕管减压术治疗腕管综合征的疗效对比研究

腕管切开减压术(OCTR)是治疗腕管综合征简单有效的手术方法,近年来采用内镜下腕管减压术(ECTR)治疗腕管综合征的数量逐渐增多,但是文献报道示两种手术方法在手术效果和安全性上不一致。该文作者对123例分别采用ECTR和OCTR治疗的腕管综合征病人进行了随访调查研究,即对91例ECTR病人和32例OCTR病人进行初级和次级随访。初级随访指标包括症状改善情况自报表和神经血管并发症发生率,次级随访指标包括McGill疼痛调查表、握力(采用指握力测定装置)、捏力(采用指捏力测定装置)、中指感觉域值测定(仪器均由NK生物技术公司提     

微创光刀掌侧小切口腕管切开微创松解术的体会

目的 报道使用一种新型光刀结合掌侧小切口微创腕管切开松解减压术的方法及其疗效. 方法 2008年6月至2009年7月,对34例(39侧)腕管综合征,采用新型光刀结合掌侧小切口技术行微创腕管切开松解减压术,其中16例左手(41％),23例右手(59％).术后随访通过美国密歇根州手功能评价问卷调查(MHQ)评估手功能,并分别在术后2周、3个月和6个月时进行包括握力、捏力和手的灵巧度在内的定量测量的后续评估. 结果 术后所有患者均能立即正常使用患手.部分患者在术后2周出现轻至中度的瘢痕压痛及切口疼痛,均在术后6个月内完全消失.随访6个月所有病例未出现明显并发症.随访期间,通过MHQ量表对患者的调查显示,在疼痛缓解、患者满意度、手功能、日常活动以及工作绩效等方面都有了显著的改善.此外,手术后6个月观察到患者的握力和捏力有显著改善. 结论 使用新型光刀掌侧小切口微创腕管切开松解术取得了良好的术后功能和患者满意度.同时手术时间短、简单、经济、有效,治疗不需要进行神经外膜松解的轻中度腕管综合征患者.     

腕管切开松解减压术

腕管切开松解减压术一直被认为是外科治疗腕管综合征的经典方法，于1913年由Marie和Foix最先提出。其术式甚多，优、缺点各异，操作也有简有繁。现结合腕部神经解剖特点，将每一种术式归纳复述如下。     

掌长肌腱移位一期治疗严重腕管综合征

目的评价采用正中神经松解结合掌长肌腱移位拇对掌功能重建术治疗重症腕管综合征的手术效果。方法2004--2008年，选择拇指对掌功能障碍的严重腕管综合征患者24例，分组治疗。14例采用传统手术，10例采用神经松解一期肌腱移位手术，观察术后疗效。结果神经松解肌腱移位手术组术后疗效明显优于传统手术组。结论重症腕管综合征患者在行正中神经松解的同时应用掌长肌腱移位重建拇指对掌功能，能够早期恢复拇指功能，免除二次手术。     

Evaluation of sensory function after median nerve decompression in carpal tunnel syndrome using the current perception threshold test

The recovery level for sensory function after carpal tunnel release for the treatment of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was assessed with the current perception threshold (CPT) test. Seventeen CTS patients (21 hands) were followed, and the CPTs at the index finger of each patient was measured preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. After carpal tunnel release, there was significant recovery of CPT at all stimulation frequencies, indicating improvement of all sensory functions including sensations of temperature, pain, touch, and vibration.     

Basal joint arthroplasty decreases carpal tunnel pressure

Background

There is a well-documented association between carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis, and these conditions commonly coexist. We have observed that patients who have previously undergone thumb basal joint arthroplasty (BJA) seem rarely to present subsequently with CTS. Our hypothesis is that BJA decreases the pressure within the carpal tunnel.

Methods

Twenty-eight patients (6 with coexistent CTS) undergoing BJA were enrolled in the study. The pressure within the carpal tunnel immediately before and after BJA was measured using a commercially available pressure monitor device (Stryker STIC; Kalamazoo, MI). In patients with concomitant CTS undergoing both BJA and carpal tunnel release (CTR), the pressure was measured after BJA but prior to release of the transverse carpal ligament.

Results

The pressure within the carpal tunnel decreased after BJA in all patients. There were 3 patients with stage II arthritis, 15 patients with stage III arthritis, and 10 patients with stage IV arthritis. The mean pressure prior to BJA among all patients was 23.9 mmHg and decreased to 11.0 mmHg after BJA. Patients with concomitant CTS had a mean pre-BJA pressure of 26.5 mmHg, which decreased to 7.3 mmHg after BJA.

Conclusions

BJA decompresses the carpal tunnel and decreases the pressure within. In patients with concomitant CTS, the BJA alone (without additional release of the transverse carpal ligament) decreases the carpal tunnel pressure. Further study is warranted to determine the need for discrete release of the transverse carpal ligament in patients with CTS who are undergoing BJA.

Level of Evidence

Level II, diagnostic.     

感觉过敏型腕管综合征的治疗

目的 报道7例感觉过敏型腕管综合征的诊治特点.方法 收集与分析2002年3月至2005年3月间128例腕管综合征中感觉过敏型7例的病情及治疗特点.其中女性4例、男性3例.4例应用内镜治疗,3例切开治疗,经1～4年随访,平均随访时间1.5年.结果 内镜治疗中2例疗效差,均在术中插入扩张导管时出现异常疼痛,另外2例基本满意.3例切开治疗中,2例疗效差,1例基本满意.3例基本满意中,2例内镜插入导管时均未出现疼痛,另1例为单纯切断腕横韧带,并在神经外膜下注射激素.结论 感觉过敏型腕管综合征是一组特殊病例,保护神经外膜是治疗关键.     

Carpal tunnel syndrome grading system in rheumatoid arthritis

The grading system of Hashizume and Hirooka for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was modified to refine the system for surgical treatment selection for specific subsets of CTS in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The grading system uses clinical signs and symptoms of CTS, including pain indications, to identify surgical subsets of patients to facilitate treatment selection. Retrospective analysis of the system included radiographic and electromyographic findings. Twenty-nine hands of 21 adult patients with CTS in RA were graded in the current study. Eight hands with mild synovitis received conservative treatment only. Endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR), using Okutsu's universal subcutaneous endoscopic system with a clear cannula, was performed in 11 hands with moderate synovitis. Open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) combined with flexor tenosynovectomy was performed in 9 hands with severe synovitis. One more hand required OCTR after ECTR when malignant RA was diagnosed. Clinical results, evaluated using Kelly's criteria, were: excellent in 19 hands, good in 5, fair in 4, and poor in the 1 patient with malignant RA. Clinical symptoms of CTS improved in all but the latter patient. Although the sample size in the current study is small, the results appear to warrant further study to determine the clinical utility of the grading system. Received: April 2, 2001 / Accepted: November 1, 2001     

A mini-incision carpal tunnel release technique to prevent pillar pain: A technical note

Pillar pain represents one of the most common complications of classic open carpal tunnel release (CTR). This complication causes a sense of discomfort worse than the compression syndrome itself. We, herein, introduce a new treatment method for CTR through a mini-incision, which allows subcutaneously cutting the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) and releasing the median nerve without neurovascular complications. This mini-incision approach can allow the direct visualization and preservation of the thenar motor branch in those rare cases where it has an aberrant origin. For the past 10 years, we have consecutively performed this technique in the surgical treatment of 318 patients with the diagnosis of primary CTS, without developing any neurovascular and tendon injuries as well as pillar pain.     

拇短展肌肌力定量测定在腕管综合征诊断中作用

目的探讨临床客观、量化的拇短展肌肌力评判方法。方法应用计算机化微型便携式肌力测定仪对101例(162只手)腕管综合征患者进行测定。其中女77例、男24例。年龄20～59岁。所有患者均于术前进行了肌力测定,其中62只手在术后6周再次测定。结果44%的患者具有拇短展肌肌力减弱,其不同性别间的差异具有极显著意义(P<0.001)。部分年龄组别间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。术前术后差异具极显著意义(P<0.001)。结论拇短展肌肌力定量测定是判断腕管综合征严重程度、评定疗效的一个良好的客观指标。     

Outcome after carpal tunnel release: impact of factors related to metabolic syndrome

Objective: The standard surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), with an open carpal tunnel release, is reported to relieve symptoms in most patients. In a retrospective observational study, outcome after open carpal tunnel release was evaluated, focusing on factors related to the metabolic syndrome: diabetes, hypertension, obesity (BMI ≥30) and statin treatment.

Methods: Results from 493 out of 962 patients (531/1044 hands) operated for CTS during 18 months that had filled in QuickDASH questionnaires before and 1-year after surgery were included in the study.

Results: Patients with diabetes (n?=?76) had higher QuickDASH scores pre- (56 [36–77]; i.e. median [interquartile range]) and postoperatively (31 [9–61]) compared to patients without diabetes (48 [32–66]; p?p?10 (74% vs 61%; p?Conclusions: Patients with diabetes without neuropathy, as well as patients with hypertension, obesity or statin treatment, and CTS can expect the same effects of open carpal tunnel release as otherwise healthy patients. Patients with diabetic neuropathy and CTS did not experience the same improvement as otherwise healthy patients and should be informed about the risk of an unsatisfactory outcome.     

Responsiveness of the Korean Version of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire after Carpal Tunnel Release

Background

The Korean version of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (K-MHQ) was recently validated; however, the questionnaire''s responsiveness as well as the degree to which the instrument is sensitive to change has not been thoroughly evaluated in a specific condition in Koreans. We evaluated the responsiveness of the K-MHQ in a homogenous cohort of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and we compared it with that of the Korean version of the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (K-DASH), which was found to have a large degree of responsiveness after carpal tunnel release for Korean patients with CTS.

Methods

Thirty-seven patients with CTS prospectively completed the K-MHQ and the K-DASH before and 6 months after surgery. The responsiveness statistics were assessed for both the K-MHQ and the K-DASH by using the standardized response mean (SRM), which was defined as the mean change of the original scores after surgery divided by the standard deviation of the change.

Results

All domains of the K-MHQ significantly improved after carpal tunnel release (p < 0.001). The SRM for all scales but one (the aesthetics scale) showed large responsiveness of ≥ 0.8. The aesthetics scale showed medium responsiveness of 0.6. The combined function/symptom scale of the K-DASH significantly improved after surgery (p < 0.001). The SRM of the K-DASH revealed large responsiveness of 0.9.

Conclusions

The K-MHQ was found to have a large degree of responsiveness after carpal tunnel release for Korean patients with CTS, which is comparable not only to the K-DASH, but also to the original version of the MHQ. The region-specific K-MHQ can be useful for outcomes research related to carpal tunnel surgery, especially for research comparing CTS with various other hand and wrist health conditions.