肌腱立体缝合法的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨肌腱立体缝合法治疗指屈肌腱断裂的临床疗效.方法 2008年3月至2009年3月共收治62例指屈肌腱断裂患者,男34例,女28例;年龄16～64岁,平均30.6岁;左手29例,右手33例.随机分为立体缝合法组32例(44指)和Kessler组30例(40指).术后进行早期功能锻炼.结果 所有患者术后获6～12个月(平均9.6个月)随访,手指功能按国际手外科肌腱疗效评定法(TAM)评定:立体缝合法组:优20指,良21指,中2指,差1指,优良率为93.2%;Kessler组:优13指,良18指,中6指,差3指,优良率为77.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(x2=4.208,P＜0.05).结论 肌腱立体缝合法是修复指屈肌腱断裂的一种较好方法.     

埋结缝合法治疗II区指屈肌腱断裂

目的：探讨应用埋结缝合法治疗指屈肌腱断裂的方法和疗效。方法2010年10月-2012年10月,对36例48条II区指屈肌腱断裂实施改良微创手术即埋结缝合法进行治疗,随访病例以TAM 法进行疗效评价。结果本组无感染及肌腱再断裂病例发生。28例（39条肌腱）得到随访,时间5~22个月。依照TAM 评价标准评定,优26条,良10条,可3条,优良率92.3%。结论埋结缝合法在防止肌腱断裂术后粘连、恢复手指功能方面具有一定的积极作用。     

可吸收防粘连膜在肌腱修复中的应用疗效观察

目的观察可吸收防粘连膜预防肌腱修复术后粘连的临床应用效果。方法将38例急性手部肌腱损伤患者随机分为两组,肌腱缝合后分别采用包绕成都迪康公司生产的聚-DL-乳酸可吸收防粘连膜和早期使用动力性支具两种方法治疗。试验组15例65腱,涉及屈肌腱10例51腱,7例伴血管神经损伤;伸肌腱5例14腱。对照组23例76腱,涉及屈肌腱11例32腱,6例伴血管神经损伤;伸肌腱12例44腱。对损伤肌腱均采用5-0肌腱缝线行改良Kessler法修复。试验组术后以石膏托固定伤手于屈腕、屈掌指关节位(屈肌腱损伤者)或伸腕、伸指位(伸肌腱损伤者),鼓励患者早期行手指活动,对照组术后第3天改用动力性支具。4周后拆除石膏托或动力性支具,行主动屈伸锻炼,辅以中药熏洗。结果试验组1例伤口延迟愈合,2例肌腱修复处皮肤出现局限性硬结,其余伤口均一期愈合。术后随访6～14个月,平均8.7个月。术后屈肌腱功能用TAM法评定,伸肌腱功能用Miller法评定。试验组综合优良率为93.85%(61/65),对照组综合优良率为90.79%(69/76)(P>0.05),两组间无显著性差异。结论可吸收防粘连膜能有效防止肌腱损伤修复术后粘连的形成,同时避免了动力性支具安装的繁琐操作,消除了医患双方在使用支具过程中对可能发生肌腱断裂的担忧,具有良好的应用前景。     

创伤性迟发性肌腱完全断裂的诊治分析

目的:探讨创伤性迟发性腱完全断裂的潜在素因、诊治方法和预防措施.方法:本组病例26例,玻璃碎片割伤12例,小刀片割伤6例,铁器戳伤8例,均在创伤后有小创口,急诊时无明显手指伸屈功能障碍,复诊时有明显手指屈曲功能障碍.考虑肌腱损伤引起,经原创口入路行探查术,术中见肌腱断裂,断端用改良Kessler缝合法缝合.结果:本组26例患者均获得随访,随访时间为3～6个月,采用TAM评定法为评定标准,优16例、良7例、中3例.结论:认真询问病史,仔细查体,及时手术探查,有利于对该类肌腱断裂患者的诊治.     

半结锁定式肌腱缝合法(SKLS)及其实验研究

目的 设计一种操作简单的新的屈肌腱腱心缝合方法(SKLS),探讨其术后早期主动活动的可行性。方法 成年男性新鲜尸体示、中指指深屈肌腱20根,每根从正中切断分成两段,随机取一段切断以SKLS法缝合,另一段则切断以Kessler方法缝合,共制成20对肌腱缝合模型。将其随机分成三组,在Instron 1122拉力实验仪上分别进行慢拉、快拉和20N峰值负荷条件下的反复疲劳实验。结果 慢拉和快拉实验中,SKLS法的抗拉强度均明显优于Kessler法,分别达到(53.55±8.48)N和(55.40±5.18)N,吻合口断裂方式为缝线(结)断裂,断裂前吻合口间隙明显小于Kessler法;疲劳实验中SKLS法均未出现吻合口间隙,明显优于Kessler法。结论 SKLS法抗拉强度明显优于Kessler法,作为一种腱心缝合方法,可满足肌腱吻合术后早期主动活动的强度要求。     

生物蛋白胶防治屈肌腱粘连82例报告

1996～1997年,我院采用一期缝合肌腱并修复腱鞘及腱周组织,同时应用生物蛋白胶,治疗手指指屈肌腱断裂82例。术后随访4个月～1年,疗效比较满意。一、资料与方法1.一般资料:本组共82例,男61例,女21例;年龄13～53岁,平均33岁。损伤部位:区25例,区12例,区9例,区36例。同时选择1995～1996年住院的指屈肌腱损伤92例为对照组。其中男70例,女22例;年龄12～52岁,平均32岁。损伤部位:区28例,区16例,区10例,区38例。术后随访时间均为4个月～1年。两组的一般资料无明显差异。2.手术方法:1断裂的屈肌腱采用Kessler缝合法修复,并用7-0或9-0无损伤尼龙线,…     

线结埋入式双套圈缝合法修复Ⅱ区指屈肌腱损伤

目的 总结线结埋入式双套圈缝合法修复Ⅱ区指屈肌腱损伤的体会.方法 对39例(72指)Ⅱ区指屈肌腱断裂的患者用线结埋人式双套圈缝合法修复.结果 伤口一期愈合31例,二期愈合8例.33例(65指)获得12～20个月随访.根据TAM系统评定疗效:优36指,良22指,可7指,优良率89.2%.结论 线结理入式双套圈缝合法外露缝...     

线结埋人式双套圈缝合法修复Ⅱ区指屈肌腱损伤

目的总结线结埋入式双套圈缝合法修复Ⅱ区指屈肌腱损伤的体会。方法对39例（72指）Ⅱ区指屈肌腱断裂的患者用线结埋入式双套圈缝合法修复。结果伤口一期愈合31例,二期愈合8例。33例（65指）获得12～20个月随访。根据TAM系统评定疗效：优36指,良22指,可7指,优良率89．2％。结论线结埋人式双套圈缝合法外露缝线较少,间隙形成小,修复Ⅱ区指屈肌腱断裂效果良好．临床可以推广。     

Ⅱ区屈肌腱粘连的防治

目的介绍腱缝合后鞘内置入法,局部注射透明质酸钠防止Ⅱ区屈肌腱粘连的方法和疗效.方法按此法治疗Ⅱ区屈肌腱损伤33例43指.屈曲型26例25指,在肌腱远断端以远0.5cm另作腱鞘切口,缝合肌腱.伸直型7例8指经原腱鞘切口缝合肌腱.缝合肌腱均用Tsuge法术后肌腱置入健康腱鞘内,鞘内注射透明质酸钠0.5～1.0ml.结果术后随访5个月～一年7个月,按TAM评定标准评定疗效,屈曲型35指,优22指,良9指,中3指,差1指,优良率88.57%.伸直型8指,优3指,良2指,中2指,差1指,优量率62.5%,总优量率83.7%.结论该术式对屈肌腱损伤疗效满意,可能与肌腱缝合口被健康腱鞘包容有关,透明质酸钠具有促进肌腱愈合,防止或减轻术后粘连的作用.     

腱缝合后鞘内置入法在Ⅱ区屈肌腱修复中的临床应用

目的介绍用腱缝合后鞘内置入法，治疗Ⅱ区屈肌腱损伤的方法和疗效。方法按该法治疗屈肌腱损伤４６例７７指。伸直型１２例２６指：经原腱鞘伤口缝合肌腱，术毕将肌腱缝合部置于近侧健康鞘管内。屈曲型３４例５１指：在肌腱远断端以远约０．５ｃｍ处另作腱鞘切口，经此切口将损伤腱近端拉出进行缝合，术毕将腱缝合口置于远端切口和原伤口间的完整鞘管内。结果术后随访到３８例５９指，随访时间为２个月～３年，平均１年８个月。按ＴＡＭ评定法评定疗效，优级：３０指，良级：１７指，余为中差级；总优良率达到７９．７％。锐器切割伤４３指，疗效优良者４２指占９７．７％；合并腱鞘及周围组织损伤１６指，疗效优良者５指占３１．３％。结论该术式对单纯指屈肌腱损伤疗效满意，这可能和术时腱鞘损伤轻，肌腱缝合口被健康鞘管包绕后，有利于肌腱的内源性愈合并减少了外源性愈合的参与有关     

Biomechanic comparison of the Teno Fix tendon repair device with the cruciate and modified Kessler techniques

PURPOSE: To compare the mechanical behavior of a novel internal tendon repair device with commonly used 2-strand and 4-strand repair techniques for zone II flexor tendon lacerations. METHODS: Thirty cadaveric flexor digitorum profundus tendons were randomized to 1 of 3 core sutures: (1) cruciate locked 4-strand technique, (2) modified Kessler 2-strand core suture technique, or (3) Teno Fix multifilament wire tendon repair device. Each repair was tested in the load control setting on a Instron controller coupled to an MTS materials testing machine load frame by using an incremental cyclic linear loading protocol. A differential variable reluctance transducer was used to record displacement across the repair site. Cyclic force (n-cycles) to 1-mm gap and repair failure was recorded using serial digital photography. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in differential variable reluctance transducer displacement between the cruciate, modified Kessler, and Teno Fix repairs. The cruciate repair had greater resistance to visual 1-mm repair-site gap formation and repair-site failure when compared with the Kessler and Teno Fix repairs. No significant difference was found between the modified Kessler repair and the Teno Fix repair. In all specimens, the epitenon suture failed before the core suture. Repair failure occurred by suture rupture in the 7 cruciate specimens that failed, with evidence of gap formation before failure. Seven of 10 modified Kessler repairs failed by suture rupture. All of the Teno Fix repairs failed by pullout of the metal anchor. CONCLUSIONS: The Teno Fix repair system did not confer a mechanical advantage over the locked cruciate or modified Kessler suture techniques for zone II lacerations in cadaveric flexor tendons during cyclic loading in a linear testing model. This information may help to define safe boundaries for postoperative rehabilitation when using this internal tendon repair device.     

Repair of flexor digitorum profundus tendon avulsions from bone: an ex vivo biomechanical analysis

Avulsions or distal transections of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon are typically repaired by direct suture of the tendon stump to the distal phalanx. The optimal repair technique to withstand in vivo rehabilitation forces is unknown. Our objective was to determine the time-zero tensile mechanical properties of 4-strand tendon-bone repair site constructs performed with 3-0 and 4-0 sutures and with modified Kessler and modified Becker grasping techniques. We hypothesized that the 3-0 modified Becker grasping suture technique not described previously for the reattachment of tendon to bone would show improved biomechanical properties compared with the 4-0 or modified Kessler techniques. All modified Kessler repairs failed by suture pullout from the tendon, whereas all modified Becker repairs failed by rupture of the suture at the tendon-bone junction. Although the 3-0 modified Becker repair group showed greater ultimate force then the other groups (p <.01), tendon-bone gap observed did not differ markedly between Becker or Kessler groups. Neither suture caliber nor repair technique had a notable effect on strain at 20-N force, suggesting that early gap formation at the tendon-bone repair site may occur regardless of technique.     

Comparison between tenocutaneous suture and Kessler suture techniques in treating acute closed Achilles tendon rupture

BackgroundTo compare the effectiveness of tenocutaneous suture and conventional Kessler suture techniques in treating acute closed Achilles tendon rupture.MethodsA total of 33 patients with acute closed Achilles tendon rupture who were admitted to our hospital from February 1998 to December 2008 underwent repair with either a tenocutaneous suture or Kessler suture technique. All patients were followed up for 1–5 years (mean, 3 years).ResultsAccording to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle–hindfoot scale, the excellence rate was 91% in the Kessler suture group and 98% in the tenocutaneous suture group, with a significant difference between groups.ConclusionOur tenocutaneous suture technique is an effective method for treating Achilles tendon rupture. It has certain advantages compared with the conventional incision method and is worthy of wide clinical application.     

应用显微外科技术修复儿童手指屈指肌腱损伤

目的 减少儿童手指屈指肌腱损伤在处理上的失误,最大限度地恢复患儿手指功能。方法 １９９０年１月～１９９７年１０月收治１２例儿童屈指肌腱损伤,均在显微镜下清创,用３／０或５／０无损伤线,采用改良Ｋｅｓｓｌｅｒ方法缝合,７／０或８／０无损伤线周边内翻缝合,术后进行有控制条件的功能锻炼。结果 患指术后均１期愈合。经过６个月～１年随访,按ＴＡＭ测定法评定,优７例,良４例,可１例,优良率９１．６７％。结论：     

A new method in tendon repair: angular technique of interlocking (ATIK)

BACKGROUND: The risk of adhesion following flexor tendon repair, despite provision of rehabilitation by mobilization of the tendon with passive exercises without the risk of rupture, is not negligible. Active mobilization of tendons has recently been more frequently recommended to prevent adhesions of tendons. The tendon repair zone, which should withstand active traction forces, should maintain its strength until complete recovery of the tendon. For this purpose, a new treatment method named angular technique of interlocking (ATIK) has been developed. This method was compared with the Modified Kessler method, in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In four groups, each consisting of 10 chickens, severed flexor tendons repaired with the Modified Kessler and ATIK techniques were compared for biomechanical properties. RESULTS: Although there were no differences between these techniques in vitro, this new technique's superiority was statistically significant in in vivo studies. CONCLUSIONS: The second and third postoperative weeks are periods during which the number of fibroblasts and the amount of collagen are the highest. In these periods, edema resolves and sutures begin to loosen. In this situation, the force withstanding the active movements is the support of the suture materials and the degree of recovery of the tendon. Following this recommended suture technique and active movements, the healing potential of the tendon increases and the risk of tendon rupture owing to decrease in the force exerted per unit area decreases.     

指浅屈肌腱束修复指间关节侧副韧带断裂

目的 介绍应用指浅屈肌腱束加强修复近节指间关节侧副韧带断裂的方法及疗效。方法 自１９８７年以来,对２３例２３指近节指间关节侧副韧带断裂,采用部分指浅屈肌腱显微技术加强修复。用细克氏针在侧副韧带起点外向健侧钻两个相距２～３ｍｍ骨孔穿过钢丝,切开屈肌腱鞘,从指浅屈肌腱一侧近端切取所需长度肌腱束,此肌腱束穿过钢丝孔,保持肌腱束的合适张力,用５／０～７／０无创线缝合于浅腱止点,应用８／０针结将肌腱束缝合于     

TwinFix带线锚钉辅助改良Kessler法修补陈旧性跟腱断裂

目的 探讨TwinFix带线锚钉辅助改良Kessler法修补陈旧性跟腱断裂的临床疗效.方法 采用TwinFix带线锚钉辅助改良Kessler法修补陈旧性跟腱断裂患者11例,术中用改良Kessler法对位缝合跟腱断端,再用2枚TwinFix带线锚钉辅助固定断裂跟腱.术后予患侧下肢屈膝90°、踝跖屈30°位长腿石膏托固定,3周后改踝跖屈石膏托固定.结果 11例均获随访,时间3～18个月.患者均未发生切口延期愈合、感染、皮肤坏死和跟腱再断裂等并发症.采用Arner-Lindholm评分标准评价疗效:优7例,良3例,差1例.结论 TwinFix带线锚钉辅助改良Kessler法手术操作简便,是修补陈旧性跟腱断裂的有效方法.     

肌腱损伤修复后早期最大抗拉力与功耗变化的实验研究

目的 探讨鸡的趾深屈肌腱断伤后用改良Kessler法和Tsuge法修复后早期缝合1：3最大抗拉力和功耗变化的特点。方法 选用三黄鸡42只，分成2组：改良Kessler法缝合组和Tsuge法缝合组，每组各21只实验鸡。将鸡的右侧第2．4趾趾深屈肌腱切断后用上述方法缝合。分别于术后即刻、1、4,7、10、14、21d取材(7个时间组)。检测肌腱的最大抗拉力和达到最大力点的功耗。结果 最大抗拉力：改良Kessler法组在术后第10天降到最低点，术后14d恢复到术后即刻的水平。Tsuge法组在术后4d开始降低，术后21d还未恢复到即刻水平。达到最大力点的功耗：Tsuge法组在术后即刻和1d、7d比改良Kessler法组高；但在术后4d(Tsuge法组)和7d(改良Kessler法组)开始，就比术后即刻显著下降并持续到术后21d。结论 肌腱缝合后早期两种缝合方法的生物力学变化并不相同，对修复后的肌腱施加拉力直至拉断时所需的能量随术后时间的增加呈进行性下降。     

Gliding resistance after FDP and FDS tendon repair in zone II: an in vitro study

Many suture techniques have been described for flexor tendon repair. While many of these sutures have been tested and used clinically, the interaction between repairs of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) in the same digit has not been rigorously examined. Moreover, while much data are available on the mechanical properties of various suture techniques for FDP repair, much less is known about the mechanical performance of FDS repairs during motion of tendons. To make up for this lack of information, we measured the gliding resistance of the repaired FDP tendon, as compared to different FDS tendon repairs in a human cadaver model. The FDP tendon was repaired with a modified Kessler technique, while the FDS was repaired with a modified Kessler (n = 10), Becker (n = 10), or a new double running zig-zag suture (n = 10). The modified Kessler repair had a threefold increase from normal gliding resistance, the Becker repair increased twofold, and the zig-zag repair increased twofold. The peak gliding resistance increased twofold with a modified Kessler repair, 2.5-fold with a Becker repair, and 2.5-fold with a zig-zag repair.     

Gliding resistance after FDP and FDS tendon repair in zone II

Many suture techniques have been described for flexor tendon repair. While many of these sutures have been tested and used clinically, the interaction between repairs of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) in the same digit has not been rigorously examined. Moreover, while much data are available on the mechanical properties of various suture techniques for FDP repair, much less is known about the mechanical performance of FDS repairs during motion of tendons.

To make up for this lack of information, we measured the gliding resistance of the repaired FDP tendon, as compared to different FDS tendon repairs in a human cadaver model. The FDP tendon was repaired with a modified Kessler technique, while the FDS was repaired with a modified Kessler (n = 10), Becker (n = 10), or a new double running zig-zag suture (n = 10). The modified Kessler repair had a threefold increase from normal gliding resistance, the Becker repair increased twofold, and the zig-zag repair increased twofold. The peak gliding resistance increased twofold with a modified Kessler repair, 2.5-fold with a Becker repair, and 2.5-fold with a zig-zag repair.