豚鼠耳蜗一氧化氮合酶组织化学反应的定量观察

应用ＮＡＤＰＨ—ｄ酶组化方法结合显微图像分析技术，定量观察了正常豚鼠耳蜗ＮＯＳ的分布及活性。结果表明：ＮＯＳ存在于豚鼠外周听觉系统，分布部位依其活性强弱依次为血管纹、内毛细胞、螺旋神经节、外毛细胞、听神经纤维，其相应部位的ＮＯＳ阳性反应物的平均密度值为９３．９２％、９１．１７％、８４．２５％、７８．７５％、３２．９２％，平均灰度值为６６．１８、７３．４２、７６．６７、８５．１７、１１１．３３。结果提示：ＮＯ可能对耳蜗的生理及病理过程起重要作用     

一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶和心脏功能

一氧化氮合酶(nitric　oxide synthase,NOS)催化L-精氨酸的氧化反应生成L-胍氨酸和一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)。其产物NO可通过依赖cGMP(环磷酸鸟苷)途径与非依赖cGMP途径发挥其复杂的生理学功能,如在心血管系统具有维持血管张力、调节血压,抑制血管平滑肌细胞迁移、增生,抑制血小板聚集与白细胞对血管壁的粘附以及调节影响心肌收缩与舒张功能的作用,并参与心率变异调节功能。本文就3种NOS同工酶的基因及其基因表达调节及影响因素进行简要综述。着重介绍nNOS1的心脏自主神经调节机制,iNOS对心脏收缩抑制以及心脏保护与损伤的双重作用,并对eNOS参与心功能调节的机制及其它生理、病理学等方面研究进展进行综述。     

Contractile Reactions of Guinea Pig Airway Smooth Muscles in the Presence of Stannum Oxide Nanosized Particles

Contractile reactions of the guinea pig airway smooth muscles in the presence of stannum dioxide nanosized particles were studied. Contractile reactions to cholinergic and histaminergic stimulation were potentiated by inhalations of nanoparticle aerosol and by exposure of isolated smooth muscle segments to nanoparticle suspension.     

芦荟大黄素对豚鼠皮肤黑色素细胞NOS的影响--免疫组织化学研究

目的探讨豚鼠皮肤黑色素细胞在大黄有效成分的作用下,一氧化氮合酶(Nitric OxideSynthse;NOS)表达的变化,阐明大黄在活体皮肤中对黑素细胞的有效作用浓度和作用机制.方法将21只雄性豚鼠随机分成对照组及5个实验组,用芦荟大黄素5种浓度对局部皮肤皮下注射处理,48小时后取材,免疫组织化学方法(SABC)法显示NOS的表达,用光学显微镜和图象分析仪对结果进行统计分析.结果芦荟大黄素作用下,表皮黑素细胞NOS表达明显减少,光密度明显下降(P<0.05);不同浓度药物作用之间无显着差异(P＞0.05),加注侧与未加注侧之间无显著差异.结论芦荟大黄素对黑色素细胞NOS的表达具有调节作用,提示大黄对黑素细胞的调节是经NO信号介导途径,为大黄的临床应用提供实验依据.     

Corneal Cellular Immunity in the Guinea Pig

Guinea pigs were sensitized to cornea or skin by grafting or by injection of corneal homogenates in complete Freund's adjuvant. Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses were studied with intradermal skin tests with tissue extracts. Cellular immune responses by lymph node cells (LNC) and peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) were examined in vitro with the thymidine incorporation and macrophage migration inhibition (MIF) assays, and in vivo by passive transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Both the in vivo and in vitro tests demonstrated that animals sensitized either by grafts or parenteral immunization were systemically hypersensitive. Peritoneal exudate cells from animals passively sensitized with either PEC or LNC responded to antigenic stimulation in vitro with MIF production. Furthermore, the skin tests and in vitro assays demonstrated cross reactively with antigens from cornea and skin but not with homogenates from liver.     

Transport Limitations of Nitric Oxide Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation under Flow

Nitric oxide (NO) inhibits platelet aggregation at and near the site of a vascular injury by upregulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which reduces the dimerization of the integrin α _IIb β ₃. The magnitude of NO flux from the vessel wall and the NO concentration that is necessary to inhibit platelet aggregation under physiological flow conditions is unknown. In this study, a NO releasing polymer, diazeniumdiolated dibutylhexanediamine, was integrated into a microfluidic flow assay to determine the relationship between NO wall flux and collagen mediated platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation. A NO flux equal to or greater than 2.5 × 10^?10 mol cm^?2 min^?1 was found to abrogate aggregation, but not initial platelet adhesion, on collagen at 200 and 500 s^?1 as effectively as the α _IIb β ₃ antagonist abciximab. The dynamic range of NO fluxes found to induce measurable inhibition of platelet aggregation spanned from 0.33 × 10^?10 to 2.5 × 10^?10 mol cm^?2 min^?1 at 200–500 s^?1. These fluxes correspond to near-wall NO concentrations of 3–90 nM based on a computational model of NO transport. The model predicts that NO concentration in the platelet rich layer near the wall is kinetically limited, while NO penetration into the lumen is mass transfer limited.     

豚鼠耳蜗微循环的检测

应用生物微球技术,结合耳蜗连续切片,直接定量检测6只正常豚鼠耳蜗血流。结果耳蜗总血流为1.662±0.262μl/min·cochlea,蜗轴、外侧壁、耳蜗隔三处血流,分别为0.955±0.272μl/min、0.654±0.272μl/min和0.053±0.060μl/min。对本实验方法和结果进行了讨论,认为用该方法检测动物的耳蜗总血流和耳蜗局部血流是准确易行的。     

惊恐障碍一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶及脑血流研究

目的:研究惊恐障碍(PD)一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶及脑血流的改变以及影响这些改变的相关因素.方法:研究组为30例PD组,对照组为30例广泛焦虑障碍(GAD) PD组,30例GAD组及22例正常对照(NC)组.所有样本均测一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)及脑血流量.比较PD组分别与GAD PD组、GAD组及正常对照(NC)组之间的差别,并在PD组内部对有关指标作多元逐步回归分析.结果:PD组NO浓度较GAD组低(67.22±39.62,102.8±60.69).NOS测重浓度PD组与其他各组无显著性差异(P>0.05).脑血流测定,PD组左侧大脑中动脉收缩峰、右侧大脑中动脉收缩峰及右侧大脑中动脉平均峰较NC组低且差异有显著性.右侧椎动脉收缩峰较GAD组及NC组低.PD组NO浓度与HAMA负相关.左侧大脑中动脉收缩峰与左侧大脑中动脉平均峰、右侧大脑中动脉收缩峰及精神性焦虑呈正相关,与右侧大脑中动脉平均峰及右侧大脑前动脉收缩峰、年龄及女性呈负相关.右侧大脑中动脉收缩峰与右侧大脑中动脉平均峰、右侧大脑前动脉收缩峰呈正相关,与右侧大脑前动脉平均峰呈负相关.右侧大脑中动脉平均峰与右侧大脑中动脉收缩峰、左侧大脑中动脉平均峰、右侧大脑前动脉平均峰及NO呈正相关,与年龄、左侧大脑中动脉收缩峰及右侧大脑前动脉收缩峰呈负相关.右侧椎动脉收缩峰与右侧椎动脉平均峰、左侧大脑中动脉平均峰呈正相关,与左侧大脑前动脉收缩峰、右侧大脑前动脉平均峰呈负相关.结论:NO、脑血流量改变可能是PD的神经生物学机制之一.测定NO水平及脑血流量可作为PD的诊断或鉴别诊断指标.     

抑制一氧化氮合成酶对大鼠睡眠及5－羟色胺神经元免疫反应的影响

采用多导描记及免疫组化方法，观察了侧脑室和腹腔给予硝基左旋精氨酸（Ｌ－ＮＮＡ）对慢性植入电极大鼠睡眠量及中缝背核５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）神经元免疫阳性反应的影响。结果表明：Ｌ－ＮＮＡ显著抑制慢波睡眠和快眼动睡眠，与对照相比较，觉醒时间延长。脑室给予Ｌ－ＮＮＡ使中缝背核５－ＨＴ神经元阳性细胞增多。提示一氧化氮合成抑制所致的睡眠抑制可能与中缝背核５－ＨＴ神经元免疫阳性反应增强有关。     

Cell-Mediated Immunity in Guinea Pig and Man to a Salmonella typhi Glycoprotein Complex Assessed by Migration Inhibition Methods

A Salmonella typhi glycoprotein preparation in concentrations of 5 to 10 _μg/ml strongly inhibited the migration of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), obtained from guinea pigs immunized with S. typhi vaccine in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) PEC from animals injected with saline in FCA were also inhibited but to a lesser extent, whereas cells from guinea pigs that had received only S. typhi vaccine or normal guinea pigs showed variable and weaker inhibition. PEC from all guinea pigs receiving FCA were strongly inhibited by 5 to 15 _μg PPD/ml. These PPD concentrations had no inhibitory effect on exudate cells from guinea pigs receiving S. typhi vaccine only. The S.typhi glycoprotein concentration (5 and 10 _μg/ml) primarily used in the migration inhibition studies had negligible inhibitory effect on the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced DNA, RNA, and protein syntheses in guinea pig lymph node cells. In the human system only blood leukocytes of donors who had received their third or fourth booster of heat-killed S. typhi vaccine within the latest 2 years were inhibited in their in vitro migration by the S. typhi glycoprotein complex.     

一氧化氮与多发性硬化

多发性硬化是中枢神经系统一种广泛脱髓鞘性自身免疫性疾病,其发病机制与免疫调节功能异常密切相关。一氧化氮具有重要的免疫调节作用,它与多发性硬化的发生、发展有着密切的关系。一氧化氮在多发性硬化的经典动物模型—实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎的预防和治疗中发挥重要作用。因此,对一氧化氮的深入研究将为临床防治多发性硬化等自身免疫疾病提供有价值的新思路。