肝细胞癌术后MRI表现

目的研究肝细胞癌术后肝脏切缘单纯术后改变与复发的MRI表现特征。方法手术后病理证实为肝细胞癌、术后定期复查或临床怀疑复发采用MRI检查的病例共20例。MRI包括：T1WI横断面平扫和横断面、冠状面增强扫描．VIBE序列扫描．T2WI横断面平扫，冠状面TrueFisp序列扫描。结果肝脏切缘单纯术后改变13例、复发6例、可疑复发1例；残肝内复发12例，其中侵犯左、右肝管及肝总管3例；肝门、门腔间隙及腹膜后淋巴结肿大3例，腹膜、肠系膜广泛种植2例。结论MRI能鉴别肝脏切缘单纯术后改变和复发，早期发现肝内、外复发灶。     

急性胆囊炎的CT和MRI诊断价值

目的 探讨CT及MRI诊断急性胆囊炎的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析我院2008年1～5月确诊为急性胆囊炎并行CT或MRI检查且资料完整的21例患者的资料.其中11例行多排螺旋CT平扫和双期增强扫描,10例行MRI多序列多期动态增强扫描.结果 急性胆囊炎的主要影像征象包括:胆囊轮廓模糊不清19例(90.5%);胆囊壁均匀增厚15例(71.4%),胆囊壁不均匀增厚6例(28.6%);不同程度的胆囊壁强化21例(100%);胆汁密度增高或T1信号增高11例(52.4%);胆囊周围游离性积液10例(47.6%);胆囊周围粘连或脂肪肿胀16例(76.2%);胆囊床邻近肝组织出现动脉期一过性片状强化16例(76.2%);合并胸水和(或)腹水12例(57.1%);胆囊穿孔并腹膜炎、胆囊腔积气和囊壁小脓肿以及胆囊憩室各1例.结论 胆囊轮廓模糊不清、胆囊周围粘连或脂肪肿胀、胆囊床邻近肝组织出现动脉期一过性片状强化等征象诊断急性胆囊炎价值较高,CT及MRI多期增强扫描有助于急性胆囊炎的早期诊断和并发症的发现.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎45例诊治分析

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)的临床诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2013年2月诊治的45例XGC患者临床资料。结果术前均行超声检查均提示有胆囊结石和胆囊壁增厚,其中5例提示胆囊占位性病变,行CT检查5例,全组病例均在术中、术后经病理检查确诊。行开腹胆囊切除术22例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)18例(其中中转开腹7例),胆囊切除+胆总管探查术2例,胆囊切除+肝脏楔形切除术1例,胆囊大部分切除术2例。术后并发切口感染2例,胆漏2例,余无并发症发生。结论 XGC术前难于诊断,病理检查是诊断XGC的关键,治疗XGC首选胆囊切除术,部分病例可行LC治疗。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的临床诊断及治疗

回顾性分析近5年来收治的9例黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）患者的临床资料。术前 B超检查9例，CT检查4例，MRI检查3例，ERCP检查1例，但均误诊。术中冷冻病理确诊7例，另2例诊断为急性胆囊炎。术后石蜡病理确诊9例。5例行胆囊切除术，1例行胆囊切除加胆总管探查T管引流术，1例行胆囊大部切除加十二指肠瘘修补术，2例行胆囊切除加胆囊床部肝组织切除。术后并发胆瘘1例，切口感染1例。全组无死亡病例。笔者体会：术中冷冻切片检查和术后病理检查是XGC诊断的关键，施行以切除胆囊为主的手术治疗。     

胆囊切除胆管损伤的深刻教训(附4例报道)

病例1,女,56岁.因慢性胆囊炎急性发作、胆囊结石行胆囊切除术.术中见胆囊肿大,充血水肿明显,三角区水肿粘连,分离三角区因出血较多、解剖不清,故逆行切除胆囊.剥离胆囊至三角区因出血多而术者又盲目钳夹,在切除胆囊后,发现在三角区有胆汁漏,误认为是毛细胆管或副肝管而予以结扎.术后3 d患者黄染,行B超检查示无胆总管.再次手术证实为左右肝管汇管区横断,行胆肠吻合术.手术后1年因反复胆道感染、黄疸,终因肝功能衰竭死亡.病例2,女,60岁.因慢性结石性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC).     

胆囊切除后腹腔内胆汁积聚

腹腔内胆汁积聚的原因很多 ,多数系胆道损伤或腹腔镜胆囊切除术技术性并发症所致 ,其表现不一定有胆汁性腹膜炎的征象。作者分析美国加州大学外科于 1990～ 1999年收治的 179例胆瘘病人 ,其中第一次手术时 2 5例曾放置引流管。全组中男性占 2 1% ,女性占 79% ,平均年龄 4 6岁 ( 18～ 86岁 )。术前诊断为慢性胆囊炎 65%、急性胆囊炎 32 % ,94 %施行腹腔镜胆囊切除 ,其中 2 1%转为剖腹手术。其胆道损伤类型为胆总管部分横断 1.8%、胆总管钳夹或烧灼 2 1%、切除部分胆管壁 54%、损伤右肝管 15%、胆囊管残端漏 2例和肝床面胆管漏 1例。胆汁积聚…     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后并发胆漏临床分析

我院自 1993年 11月～ 1999年 12月共施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术 92 6例 ,术后并发胆漏 7例 ,占 0 .76% ,现综合分析如下。临床资料一般资料 :本组男性 5例 ,女性 2例 ,年龄 32～ 35岁。术前诊断 :慢性胆囊炎并胆囊结石 4例 ,胆囊息肉 2例 ,急性胆囊炎 1例 ,均行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。诊断标准 :①根据肝下间隙的引流管引流的胆汁量而确定 ,凡手术当天和术后第 1天引流胆汁总量超过 15 0ｍｌ,或术后第 1天胆汁量在 10 0ｍｌ以上者 ,视为胆漏[1] ,本组有 4例 ,其中 2例 2 4ｈ引流胆汁 40 0～ 80 0ｍｌ。②未放置引流管者 ,术后病人出现发热、腹痛、黄…     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术并胆管损伤的诊断治疗

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)胆管损伤的原因、诊断和治疗.方法 回顾性分析近7年来行腹腔镜胆囊切除术1656例患者的临床资料.结果 胆囊息肉274例,胆囊结石伴急性胆囊炎168例,胆囊结石伴慢性胆囊炎1214例.共发生胆管损伤15例(0.91%),术中发现8例,术后早期发现7例.术中诊断主要依据手术野胆汁渗出或发现有2个胆管残端;术后诊断主要依靠临床症状、体征及影像学检查.1例患者行胆管壁缝合修补+T管支撑引流,4例患者行胆管端端吻合术,其中1例行胆管端端吻合加内支架支撑术后发生胆瘘而行再次开腹胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,其余10例患者均行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,均痊愈出院,愈后良好.结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤与病因无关,术中及术后早期发现及恰当的处理,愈合良好.胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是胆管损伤最主要的修复术式.     

先天性胆管囊肿并胆系癌肿10例报告

本文报告１０例先天性胆管囊肿并发的胆系癌肿，全部为成人型胆管囊肿。按Ｆｌａｎｉｇａｎ分类法，Ⅰ型５例，Ⅳ型２例，Ⅴ型３例。肿瘤位于胆囊２例，肝外胆管３例，肝内胆管５例．病理检查均为腺癌。因其临床表现无特异性，术前诊断困难。治疗以手术为主，早期胆囊癌行胆囊和胆管囊肿切除效果满意，肝外胆管囊肿癌变直行胰十二指肠切除术，肝内胆管囊肿癌变应行肝切除术。文中还对本病的临床特点、诊断和治疗进行讨论。     

门静脉海绵样变性门脉胆支及胆系改变的MRI研究

目的　探讨门静脉海绵样变性(CTPV)门脉胆支及胆系改变在 MRI上的表现及其诊断价值。方法　对18例行门体分流术的CTPV病人手术前后均行MR平扫、增强、门静脉动态对比增强MRA (dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography, DCE MRA)、MRCP检查,所有病例均经手术病理或DSA证实。结果　CTPV门脉胆支改变:18 例 CTPV病人门体分流术前MRI及DCE MRA显示Petren胆囊周围静脉和胆总管外表面的Saint网状静脉丛17例,表现为迂曲扩张或呈结节状。分流术后显示胆囊周围静脉 3 例,Saint网状静脉丛 2 例。胆系改变:门体分流术前胆总管狭窄伴远端扩张6例、胆总管壁不规则5例、胆总管壁增厚4例、胆总管成角移位3例、胆囊壁增厚8例。分流术后胆系改变部分恢复。结论　MRI能准确检测 CTPV病人门脉胆支及胆系的改变,早期正确判断门脉胆支及胆系的改变对胆系病变的鉴别诊断及临床采取正确的治疗措施具有重要意义。     

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Postoperative Meniscus

Imaging of the postoperative meniscus is a challenge. Nevertheless, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the symptomatic knee after meniscal surgery is a valuable diagnostic study of both the menisci and the entire joint. At present, symptomatic patients who have had partial meniscectomy of less than 25% may be evaluated by MRI. For those with partial meniscectomy of greater than 25% or after meniscal repair, direct or indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) should be considered. Currently, the decision of whether to perform direct (intra-articular) versus indirect (intravenous) MRA must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis considering both the patient's ability to tolerate intra-articular injection and whether a significant effusion already exists, which will imbue the tear with synovial fluid (making intra-articular injection of less importance). In such cases of significant effusion, indirect MRA would be preferred. If MRI or MRA is contraindicated, computed tomography arthrography seems a promising alternative. For a patient who has undergone meniscal allograft transplantation, MRI seems adequate for detecting meniscocapsular healing, allograft extrusion, and allograft tear. Future improvements in MRI sequencing may obviate the need for invasive modalities.     

3.0T磁共振在臂丛神经成像中的应用研究

目的 探讨3.0T磁共振扫描仪3D-STIR序列增强扫描在臂丛神经成像中的可行性,以及临床应用的效果和价值.方法 对26例志愿者及35例臂丛神经病变的患者,采用3.0T磁共振成像(MRI)常规扫描序列、3D-STIR序列平扫及3D-STIR序列增强扫描,观察所得图像,评价显示情况和对比噪声比.结果 3.0T MRI 3D-STIR序列及其增强扫描可清楚明确地显示所有志愿者臂丛神经的构成、走行、连续性、形态及信号,可以清楚地显示外伤或肿瘤累及臂丛神经所致的各种征象.结论 3.0T磁共振扫描仪3D-STIR序列增强扫描对臂丛神经病变的诊断和治疗有非常重要的价值.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the feasibility of imaging brachial plexus in enhanced scan of 3D-STIR sequence in 3.0T MRI and the practical value of clinical application. Methods Twenty-six healthy volunteers and 35 patients with brachial plexus lesions underwent imaging of the brachial plexus with 3.0T MRI conventional scanning sequence,3D-STIR sequence scanning and 3D-STIR sequence of enhanced scan. The obtained images were observed to evaluate the image quality and signal to noise ratio. Results 3D-STIR sequence and enhanced scan could clearly display the components,course,continuity,shape and signals of the brachial plexus in all the healthy volunteers. The enhanced scan could improve the suppression effects of the background,and therefore could clearly visualize trauma and tumor involving the brachial plexus due to a variety of signs. Conclusion 3.0T MRI enhanced scan of 3D-STIR sequence has potential values in the diagnosis and treatment of brachial plexus diseases.     

MR指纹技术在医学影像诊断中的应用

MR指纹技术(MRF)可快速获取定量图像及后处理,其数据采集、后处理及可视化程序设计新颖,可在一次扫描中提供高度可重复的多参数量化图,具有成像时间短、容错率高及成像数据易被计算机识别处理等诸多优势,在临床应用中具有广阔的前景。本文对MRF在医学影像诊断的应用进行综述。     

股骨头骨骺早期缺血的动态Gadolinium增强MRI研究

目的 比较动态Gadolinium(Gd)增强和常规Gd增强MR技术在早期缺血的股骨头骨骺中的灌注差异,并观察骨骺血管闭塞时生长板的血供.方法 28只2周龄乳猪,共56个髋关节,雄性12只,雌性16只;体重5～7 kg,平均6 kg;随机分为A、B、C、D组,每组7只.将A、B组乳猪的双髋关节极度外展固定30 min后,对A组行动态Gd增强FSPGR序列扫描,对B组行常规Gd增强SE T1WI序列扫描;行双髋关节外展体位的血管造影.之后让乳猪自由活动1 d,再采用双髋关节自然平放体位重复MR扫描.C、D组分别是A、B组的对照,即MR扫描前及扫描中双髋关节保持自然平放,C组行动态Gd增强扫描,D组行常规Gd增强扫描.最后将乳猪处死行组织学观察.结果 动态Gd增强MRI示:A组股骨头不同组织(除干骺端外)的强化率(ER)和强化速度(ES)均明显小于C组;A组生长板的ER和ES均小于干骺端,而C组生长板与干骺端的ER和ES值均无明显差异.常规Gd增强MRI示:B组股骨头各部分的ER与D组比较无明显下降.结论 对早期股骨头骨骺缺血的检测,动态Gd增强MRI技术比常规Gd增强SE T1WI技术更敏感.当骨骺血管闭塞时,生长板的血液灌注可能来自于干骺端.     

磁共振成像在深部肛周脓肿诊断中的应用

Objective To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of deep anorectal abscess. Methods Twenty-one patients who were suspected of having deep anorectal abscess were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2006 to December 2007, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Phased-array coil MRI was applied to all patients before the operation. We compared the efficacy of MRI and rectal digital examination in the classification of deep anorectal abscess and the diagnosis rate of internal opening according to the postoperative results. All data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results Nineteen patients were diagnosed with deep anorectal abscess, one patient had presacral cyst combined with infection and one patient had perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma. A total of 25 lesions were identified, including 14 ischiorectal abscesses, five pelvirectal abscesses, and six high intersphincteric abscesses. Thirteen patients had single space abscesses and six had multiple space abscesses. There were no significant differences in the diagnosis rate between MRI (12/19) and rectal digital examination for internal opening (13/19) (χ2 =0. 116, P>0.05). The accuracy rate was significantly different between MRI (25/25) and rectal digital examination (16/25) in the classification of deep anorectal abscess (χ2 = 10.970, P <0.05). Operative exploration revealed that there were 13 patients with single space abscesses and six with multiple space abscesses. The accuracy rate was significantly different between MRI (19/19) and the rectal digital examination (13/19) for detecting multiple space abscesses (χ2 =7. 125, P <0. 05). Conclusions MRI with a phased-array coil can accurately detect the extent of deep anorectal abscess and its relationship with anorectal sphincters. MRI examination is helpful in excluding potential lesions in the anorectal region.     

股骨头骨骺早期缺血的动态Gadolinium增强MRI研究

目的 比较动态Gadolinium(Gd)增强和常规Gd增强MR技术在早期缺血的股骨头骨骺中的灌注差异,并观察骨骺血管闭塞时生长板的血供.方法 28只2周龄乳猪,共56个髋关节,雄性12只,雌性16只;体重5～7 kg,平均6 kg;随机分为A、B、C、D组,每组7只.将A、B组乳猪的双髋关节极度外展固定30 min后,对A组行动态Gd增强FSPGR序列扫描,对B组行常规Gd增强SE T1WI序列扫描;行双髋关节外展体位的血管造影.之后让乳猪自由活动1 d,再采用双髋关节自然平放体位重复MR扫描.C、D组分别是A、B组的对照,即MR扫描前及扫描中双髋关节保持自然平放,C组行动态Gd增强扫描,D组行常规Gd增强扫描.最后将乳猪处死行组织学观察.结果 动态Gd增强MRI示:A组股骨头不同组织(除干骺端外)的强化率(ER)和强化速度(ES)均明显小于C组;A组生长板的ER和ES均小于干骺端,而C组生长板与干骺端的ER和ES值均无明显差异.常规Gd增强MRI示:B组股骨头各部分的ER与D组比较无明显下降.结论 对早期股骨头骨骺缺血的检测,动态Gd增强MRI技术比常规Gd增强SE T1WI技术更敏感.当骨骺血管闭塞时,生长板的血液灌注可能来自于干骺端.     

股骨头骨骺早期缺血的动态Gadolinium增强MRI研究

目的 比较动态Gadolinium(Gd)增强和常规Gd增强MR技术在早期缺血的股骨头骨骺中的灌注差异,并观察骨骺血管闭塞时生长板的血供.方法 28只2周龄乳猪,共56个髋关节,雄性12只,雌性16只;体重5～7 kg,平均6 kg;随机分为A、B、C、D组,每组7只.将A、B组乳猪的双髋关节极度外展固定30 min后,对A组行动态Gd增强FSPGR序列扫描,对B组行常规Gd增强SE T1WI序列扫描;行双髋关节外展体位的血管造影.之后让乳猪自由活动1 d,再采用双髋关节自然平放体位重复MR扫描.C、D组分别是A、B组的对照,即MR扫描前及扫描中双髋关节保持自然平放,C组行动态Gd增强扫描,D组行常规Gd增强扫描.最后将乳猪处死行组织学观察.结果 动态Gd增强MRI示:A组股骨头不同组织(除干骺端外)的强化率(ER)和强化速度(ES)均明显小于C组;A组生长板的ER和ES均小于干骺端,而C组生长板与干骺端的ER和ES值均无明显差异.常规Gd增强MRI示:B组股骨头各部分的ER与D组比较无明显下降.结论 对早期股骨头骨骺缺血的检测,动态Gd增强MRI技术比常规Gd增强SE T1WI技术更敏感.当骨骺血管闭塞时,生长板的血液灌注可能来自于干骺端.     

股骨头骨骺早期缺血的动态Gadolinium增强MRI研究

目的 比较动态Gadolinium(Gd)增强和常规Gd增强MR技术在早期缺血的股骨头骨骺中的灌注差异,并观察骨骺血管闭塞时生长板的血供.方法 28只2周龄乳猪,共56个髋关节,雄性12只,雌性16只;体重5～7 kg,平均6 kg;随机分为A、B、C、D组,每组7只.将A、B组乳猪的双髋关节极度外展固定30 min后,对A组行动态Gd增强FSPGR序列扫描,对B组行常规Gd增强SE T1WI序列扫描;行双髋关节外展体位的血管造影.之后让乳猪自由活动1 d,再采用双髋关节自然平放体位重复MR扫描.C、D组分别是A、B组的对照,即MR扫描前及扫描中双髋关节保持自然平放,C组行动态Gd增强扫描,D组行常规Gd增强扫描.最后将乳猪处死行组织学观察.结果 动态Gd增强MRI示:A组股骨头不同组织(除干骺端外)的强化率(ER)和强化速度(ES)均明显小于C组;A组生长板的ER和ES均小于干骺端,而C组生长板与干骺端的ER和ES值均无明显差异.常规Gd增强MRI示:B组股骨头各部分的ER与D组比较无明显下降.结论 对早期股骨头骨骺缺血的检测,动态Gd增强MRI技术比常规Gd增强SE T1WI技术更敏感.当骨骺血管闭塞时,生长板的血液灌注可能来自于干骺端.     

股骨头骨骺早期缺血的动态Gadolinium增强MRI研究

目的 比较动态Gadolinium(Gd)增强和常规Gd增强MR技术在早期缺血的股骨头骨骺中的灌注差异,并观察骨骺血管闭塞时生长板的血供.方法 28只2周龄乳猪,共56个髋关节,雄性12只,雌性16只;体重5～7 kg,平均6 kg;随机分为A、B、C、D组,每组7只.将A、B组乳猪的双髋关节极度外展固定30 min后,对A组行动态Gd增强FSPGR序列扫描,对B组行常规Gd增强SE T1WI序列扫描;行双髋关节外展体位的血管造影.之后让乳猪自由活动1 d,再采用双髋关节自然平放体位重复MR扫描.C、D组分别是A、B组的对照,即MR扫描前及扫描中双髋关节保持自然平放,C组行动态Gd增强扫描,D组行常规Gd增强扫描.最后将乳猪处死行组织学观察.结果 动态Gd增强MRI示:A组股骨头不同组织(除干骺端外)的强化率(ER)和强化速度(ES)均明显小于C组;A组生长板的ER和ES均小于干骺端,而C组生长板与干骺端的ER和ES值均无明显差异.常规Gd增强MRI示:B组股骨头各部分的ER与D组比较无明显下降.结论 对早期股骨头骨骺缺血的检测,动态Gd增强MRI技术比常规Gd增强SE T1WI技术更敏感.当骨骺血管闭塞时,生长板的血液灌注可能来自于干骺端.     

磁共振成像在深部肛周脓肿诊断中的应用

Objective To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of deep anorectal abscess. Methods Twenty-one patients who were suspected of having deep anorectal abscess were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2006 to December 2007, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Phased-array coil MRI was applied to all patients before the operation. We compared the efficacy of MRI and rectal digital examination in the classification of deep anorectal abscess and the diagnosis rate of internal opening according to the postoperative results. All data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results Nineteen patients were diagnosed with deep anorectal abscess, one patient had presacral cyst combined with infection and one patient had perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma. A total of 25 lesions were identified, including 14 ischiorectal abscesses, five pelvirectal abscesses, and six high intersphincteric abscesses. Thirteen patients had single space abscesses and six had multiple space abscesses. There were no significant differences in the diagnosis rate between MRI (12/19) and rectal digital examination for internal opening (13/19) (χ2 =0. 116, P>0.05). The accuracy rate was significantly different between MRI (25/25) and rectal digital examination (16/25) in the classification of deep anorectal abscess (χ2 = 10.970, P <0.05). Operative exploration revealed that there were 13 patients with single space abscesses and six with multiple space abscesses. The accuracy rate was significantly different between MRI (19/19) and the rectal digital examination (13/19) for detecting multiple space abscesses (χ2 =7. 125, P <0. 05). Conclusions MRI with a phased-array coil can accurately detect the extent of deep anorectal abscess and its relationship with anorectal sphincters. MRI examination is helpful in excluding potential lesions in the anorectal region.