骨蜡与再生氧化纤维素材料在老年女性心内直视术胸骨止血中的应用

背景：再生氧化纤维素已成功应用于神经外科、耳鼻喉科等手术止血中,效果确切,但应用于心脏手术胸骨止血尚未见报道。目的：对比观察再生氧化纤维素与传统胸骨止血材料骨蜡在减少老年女性心内直视术后胸骨出血中止血及预防胸骨感染效果的差异。方法：纳入68例60岁以上女性接受正中开胸体外循环下心内直视术患者,分为2组：再生氧化纤维素组胸骨创面及骨髓腔内填充并覆盖再生氧化纤维素,对照组涂抹医用骨蜡。记录手术时间、关胸时间、体外循环时间、术后引流量、输血量、出血再次开胸例数、平均住院时间、胸骨裂开例数、胸骨感染例数、切口拆线时间以及切口感染例数。结果与结论：两组术后在手术时间、关胸时间、引流量、输血量、出血再次开胸方面,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）,再生氧化纤维素组更有优势;其余指标两组差异无显著性意义。提示再生氧化纤维素作为新型胸骨止血材料,可常规用于体外循环后胸骨创面止血,效果确切,近期结果观察显示安全性较高。     

再生氧化纤维素在严重骨质疏松体外循环手术胸骨止血中的作用

背景:严重骨质疏松患者正中开胸胸骨出血较多,尤其是体外循环下手术存在凝血功能障碍,更加重了术中及术后出血.目的:与常规胸骨止血材料骨蜡对比,观察再生氧化纤维素在减少严重骨质疏松患者体外循环术后胸骨出血和预防胸骨切口感染中的作用.方法:84例行正中开胸体外循环心脏手术的严重骨质疏松患者,随机分成2组.再生氧化纤维素组胸骨创面及骨髓腔内填充覆盖再生氧化纤维素,对照组常规应用医用骨蜡.记录两组术后1 d引流量、总引流量、拔引流管时间、总输血量、切口拆线时间、术后持续发热时间、平均住院时间及术后胸骨切口愈合情况,出院随访6个月.结果与结论:两组术后1 d引流量、总引流量、拔引流管时间、总输血量及平均住院时间差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),再生氧化纤维素组更有优势.随访6个月中,再生氧化纤维素组未出现胸骨切口排出异物情况,对照组中有4例出现骨蜡排出.提示再生氧化纤维素可应用于严重骨质疏松患者体外循环后胸骨止血,近远期疗效确切,并在胸骨感染方面具有一定预防作用.     

再生氧化纤维素在严重骨质疏松体外循环手术胸骨止血中的作用

背景：严重骨质疏松患者正中开胸胸骨出血较多,尤其是体外循环下手术存在凝血功能障碍,更加重了术中及术后出血。目的：与常规胸骨止血材料骨蜡对比,观察再生氧化纤维素在减少严重骨质疏松患者体外循环术后胸骨出血和预防胸骨切口感染中的作用。方法：84例行正中开胸体外循环心脏手术的严重骨质疏松患者,随机分成2组。再生氧化纤维素组胸骨创面及骨髓腔内填充覆盖再生氧化纤维素,对照组常规应用医用骨蜡。记录两组术后1d引流量、总引流量、拔引流管时间、总输血量、切口拆线时间、术后持续发热时间、平均住院时间及术后胸骨切口愈合情况,出院随访6个月。结果与结论：两组术后1d引流量、总引流量、拔引流管时间、总输血量及平均住院时间差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）,再生氧化纤维素组更有优势。随访6个月中,再生氧化纤维素组未出现胸骨切口排出异物情况,对照组中有4例出现骨蜡排出。提示再生氧化纤维素可应用于严重骨质疏松患者体外循环后胸骨止血,近远期疗效确切,并在胸骨感染方面具有一定预防作用。     

生物蛋白胶胸骨内注射治疗老年骨质疏松冠状动脉搭桥后的胸骨出血

背景:目前临床多应用创面涂抹方式发挥医用生物蛋白胶的止血作用,但骨腔内注射应用报道少见.目的:观察胸骨内注射生物蛋白胶对老年严重骨质疏松冠状动脉搭桥患者正中开胸出血的效果.方法:将48例体外循环下行正中开胸冠状动脉搭桥手术的75岁以上的严重骨质疏松患者随机数字表法分成实验组和对照组.实验组胸骨腔内注射生物蛋白胶,对照组常规涂抹医用骨蜡,记录两组术后12 h引流量及总引流量、拔引流管时间及术后胸骨切口愈合情况.结果与结论:实验组术后12 h引流量和总引流量、拔引流管时间及平均住院时间均较对照组明显减少(P < 0.05),两组术后持续发热时间、术后胸骨感染裂开情况无明显差异.对照组术后胸骨切口感染裂开1 例,实验组未发现不良反应.说明胸骨内注射生物蛋白胶能减少老年严重骨质疏松患者体外循环冠状动脉搭桥手术胸骨出血,减少出血相关并发症,不影响胸骨愈合.     

生物蛋白胶胸骨内注射治疗老年骨质疏松冠状动脉搭桥后的胸骨出血

背景：目前临床多应用创面涂抹方式发挥医用生物蛋白胶的止血作用,但骨腔内注射应用报道少见。目的：观察胸骨内注射生物蛋白胶对老年严重骨质疏松冠状动脉搭桥患者正中开胸出血的效果。方法：将48例体外循环下行正中开胸冠状动脉搭桥手术的75岁以上的严重骨质疏松患者随机数字表法分成实验组和对照组。实验组胸骨腔内注射生物蛋白胶,对照组常规涂抹医用骨蜡,记录两组术后12h引流量及总引流量、拔引流管时间及术后胸骨切口愈合情况。结果与结论：实验组术后12h引流量和总引流量、拔引流管时间及平均住院时间均较对照组明显减少（P〈0.05）,两组术后持续发热时间、术后胸骨感染裂开情况无明显差异。对照组术后胸骨切口感染裂开1例,实验组未发现不良反应。说明胸骨内注射生物蛋白胶能减少老年严重骨质疏松患者体外循环冠状动脉搭桥手术胸骨出血,减少出血相关并发症,不影响胸骨愈合。     

胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术的手术配合

胸骨正中切口心脏直视手术，具有良好的术野显露、避免对肺的挤压和损伤、有利于术后肺功能恢复等优点，为目前心内直视手术的常规入路。但其存在纵劈胸骨，手术切口长，术中出血较多，以及胸骨或纵隔易发生感染等因素，而电视胸腔镜在微创体外循环下进行的心内直视术较传统开胸手术对机体的创伤更小，具有术中出血少、术后止痛时间短及术后恢复快等优点，值得推广。     

体外循环心内直视手术中节约用血的措施

目的 :探讨心内直视手术中的节约用血措施和方法 ,以实现在心内直视手术中少输血或不输血。方法 :围术期采用 8项综合血液保护措施 ,即 ( 1)止血芳酸的应用 ;( 2 )开、关胸时维持足够的麻醉深度 ;( 3)完善外科操作技术 ;( 4 )尽可能采用不停跳心内直视手术 ;( 5 )停体外循环前肛温恢复到 35℃以上 ;( 6 )机器余血全部回输 ;( 7)术后镇静 ,避免血压过高 ;( 8)术后应用PEEP ,以减少胸骨后创面的渗血或出血 ;( 9)术后静脉高营养支持。结果 :实验组 80例心脏手术中、较对照组少输血 186 0 0ml ,其中 32例手术实现了心内直视手术不异体输血。结论 :严格采用血液保护措施 ,不仅能减少心内直视手术中的用血量 ,而且在部分病人中能达到不输异体血的目标     

右腋下小切口行心内直视手术临床效果分析

目的探讨右腋下小切口行心内直视手术临床效果及注意事项。方法选择心脏病患者80例作为研究对象，随机分为观察组及对照组各40例，观察组实施右腋下小切口行心内直视手术，对照组进行正中切口手术。结果无早期死亡，两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），均未出现膈神经麻痹、二次开胸、切口感染及严重肺部并发症。两组体外循环时间及主动脉阻断时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；观察组关胸时间、ICU停留时间、胸腔引流量及术后住院时间等显著少于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论右腋下小切口行心内直视手术具有出血少、创伤小、美容效果好等优点，值得进一步的推广和应用，需要熟练的心外手术操作技巧，严格掌握适应证。     

382例心内直视术后无再次开胸止血的处理

目的 分析体外循环心内直视术后出血的处理效果。方法 回顾分析382例心内直视术后出血的围术期处理的临床资料。结果 本组手术止血效果良好，无再次开胸止血病例。结论 仔细的手术止血技术及围术期及时处理凝血功能异常，可显著减少再次开胸止血的发生率。     

右侧小切口心内直视手术的护理配合

传统上心血管手术是在全麻体外循环下，经胸骨正中切口，直视下进行手术矫治。随着外科技术不断的改进、手术经验的积累、仪器设备的完善，医师和患者对手术要求不再仅仅局限于对心脏畸形的矫治，切口美容的要求也越来越高。近年开展的右侧开胸和胸骨下段入路等小切口、微创心脏直视手术，满足了部分医师和患者的要求。我院2001年开展右侧胸小切口体外循环心内直视手术23例，现将术中护理配合总结报告如下。     

Postoperative abscess mimicked by surgicel

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a very common surgery in many hospitals today. Thrombogenic agents are important for visualization, especially since the gallbladder fossa is a difficult bleeding source to control. Surgicel, oxidized regenerated cellulose, is a bioabsorbable thrombogenic which given the proper clinical context can be indistinguishable from an abscess on postoperative CT scans.     

生物止血材料在妇产科手术中的应用

背景：良好的生物敷料或纱布可直接促进凝血过程,不仅可用于广泛渗血创面,且在一些常用的妇产科手术中能有效降低渗血率。目的：评价不同生物止血敷料及纱布的材料学性能及应用于妇产科切口的生物相容性,寻找符合不同切口创面需要的止血材料。方法：采用电子检索的方式,在万方数据库（http：//www.wanfangdata.com.cn/）中检索1999-01/2011-04有关妇产科生物止血材料应用的研究文章,关键词为＂妇产科,生物材料,止血敷料,纱布,胶原/壳聚糖＂,排除重复研究、普通综述或Meta分析类文章,筛选纳入30篇文献进行评价。结果与结论：近几年国内外生物医用可吸收止血材料主要包括纤维蛋白胶、壳聚糖、明胶海绵、氰基丙烯酸酯类组织胶、氧化纤维素和氧化再生纤维素等。各种止血性伤口急救材料都有各自的特点,但在妇产科应用的选择上,应考虑多方面因素,包括手术部位、出血部位、切口形态大小、不同渗/出血情况的填塞要求、不同止血材料的自身性能及与机体的相容性等。但因目前尚无完全符合理想标准的材料,因此开发新的快速止血和与宿主相容性良好的止血材料及复合材料势在必行。     

胸骨正中切口与左侧肋间切口开胸制备心肌梗死动物模型的比较

背景：许多治疗冠心病的研究依赖于心肌梗死动物模型的建立。探索创伤小、易操作、安全、存活时间长、存活率高的心肌梗死动物模型制作方法具有重要意义。目的：比较两种开胸结扎冠状动脉制作心肌梗死动物模型方法的优劣。方法：健康雄性新西兰大耳白兔30只,随机分为3组,每组10只。胸骨正中切口组、胸骨左缘切口组开胸后结扎冠状动脉前降支,假手术组不结扎冠状动脉。监测手术时间、术中出血量、术后进食量、进食恢复时间。术后24 h内测心肌酶学指标,术后4周检测超声心动图。结果与结论：胸骨正中切口组及胸骨旁切口组结扎冠状动脉后心电图检查均出现不同程度的 ST 段弓背样抬高。胸骨正中切口组造模成功率为70%、胸骨左缘切口组造模成功率为80%。两组术后24 h内心肌酶学指标升高,与术前相比差异有显著性意义（P 〈0.05）;术后4周左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率降低,与术前相比差异有显著性意义（P 〈0.05）。与胸骨左缘切口组比较,胸骨正中切口组造模成功所需的手术时间少,术中出血量少,术后恢复进食时间短,术后进食量较多,差异均有显著性意义（P 〈0.05）,结果表明采用胸骨正中开胸法结扎冠状动脉更适合用于制作心肌梗死动物模型。     

Implementing evidence-based practice findings to decrease postoperative sternal wound infections following open heart surgery

Sternal wound infections following open heart surgery are an infrequent occurrence but can have significant impact on patient morbidity, length of stay, and cost of care. The objective of this project initiative was to decrease the incidence of sternal wound infections by examining and changing current practice in the preoperative and postoperative management of patients undergoing open heart surgery. Following a literature review of interdisciplinary best practices, process teams were formed to evaluate our own patient cohort with documented infection. Five key areas were addressed: (1) preoperative skin preparation, (2) antibiotic prophylaxis, (3) blood glucose control, (4) wound care management, and (5) hand hygiene. A retrospective chart review of patients with documented sternal wound infections status post-mediastinal open heart surgery revealed that the average postoperative glucose was 201 mg/dL. An inquiry of practice variations determined the absence of a common provider and causative organism. A change model guided project initiatives and sustainability of new behaviors and practice. Each element of the project initiative had defined outcome measures. Staff nurses participated in peer education and outcome data collection. Following the implementation of evidence based practice changes, a linear decrease in sternal wound infections was documented. Nurses play a critical role in identifying, orchestrating, and evaluating change efforts in clinical practice. Outcomes are enhanced when nurses collaborate with all stakeholders in the practice improvement initiative.     

Penetration of ofloxacin into heart valves, myocardium, mediastinal fat, and sternal bone marrow in humans.

Ofloxacin penetration into heart tissue (valve and myocardium), mediastinal fat, and sternal bone marrow was the object of a prospective nonrandomized study. Thirty-six patients undergoing mitral and/or aortic valve replacement were included. Patients were divided into two groups of 18 patients each. Group 1 patients were administered a single 400-mg intravenous dose of ofloxacin over a 30-min period upon anesthesia (n = 6) or at 1 h (n = 6) or 6 h (n = 6) prior to surgery. Group 2 patients received a 200-mg oral dose of ofloxacin every 12 h during the 48 h preceding surgery. In this group, the final dose of ofloxacin was administered 3 h (n = 9) or 8 h (n = 9) before anesthesia. Plasma and tissue ofloxacin concentrations were assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. In group 1 patients, the peak level in plasma was 15.9 +/- 2.5 micrograms/ml. Peak ofloxacin levels in tissue were reached by hour 1 and were 8.89 +/- 2.16 micrograms/g in myocardium and 5 +/- 0.75 micrograms/g in heart valves. A significant decrease in ofloxacin levels in heart valve tissue and sternal bone marrow was observed after hour 3. Nevertheless, ofloxacin myocardial, heart valve, and sternal bone marrow levels remained higher than the MICs for the usually susceptible pathogens for at least 3 h. In group 2 patients, myocardial levels were long lasting (6.46 +/- 1.92 micrograms/g [4 to 8 h] and 5.92 +/- 0.95 micrograms/g [8 to 12 h]) and remained higher than those observed in the other tissues over the entire study period. A progressive but insignificant decrease in ofloxacin heart valve levels was observed (from 2.46 +/- 0.40 micrograms/g [4 to 8 h] to 1.57 +/- 0.22 micrograms/g [8 to 12 h]). In both groups, concentration in mediastinal fat were lower and tended to decrease with time. These were 1.83 +/- 0.61 micrograms/g with the first hour and 0.85 +/- 0.43 micrograms/g between hours 8 and 12 in group 1 and 1.74 +/- 0.52 micrograms/g between hours 4 and 8 and 0.67 +/- 0.11 micrograms/g between hours 8 and 12 in group 2. In conclusion, satisfactory diffusion of ofloxacin into heart tissue seems to favor use of the drug in the treatment of bacterial endocarditis due to susceptible pathogens. Furthermore, the progressively decreasing concentrations observed in heart valve and sternal bone marrow and the poor levels achieved in mediastinal fat suggest the need for renewing injection 3 h following initial infusion if the drug is used as an antibiotic prophylactic agent during cardiovascular surgery.     

A biomechanical study of tendon adhesion reduction using a biodegradable barrier in a rabbit model.

Adhesion formation associated with tendon surgery is a widespread problem in which a healing tendon becomes adherent via scar tissue to surrounding structures such as bone, muscle, skin, tendon sheath, or other tendons. A model is described in which adhesions were generated reproducibly between the plantaris and Achilles tendons of the rabbit using a partial tenotomy, a Bunnel suture, and immobilization. Using this model, the effect of an absorbable barrier, INTERCEED (TC7), on adhesion formation was investigated. This material, which is a fabric comprised of oxidized regenerated cellulose, was found to diminish significantly the extent and severity of intertendinous adhesions, assessed both mechanically and histologically. No evidence of a foreign body reaction was observed.     

Teicoplanin in cardiac surgery: intraoperative pharmacokinetics and concentrations in cardiac and mediastinal tissues.

The concentrations of teicoplanin in the sera and mediastinal and heart tissues of 23 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were measured after two regimens of teicoplanin administration. Intraoperative pharmacokinetic parameters were also obtained. Patients were randomized into two groups. Those in group 1 were given teicoplanin at 6 mg x kg(-1) intravenously at the time of induction of anesthesia. Patients in group 2 were given teicoplanin at 12 mg x kg(-1) during the same period. The maximum concentration in serum (71 +/- 20 and 131 +/- 44 mg x l(-1)), the minimum concentration in serum (3.6 +/- 1.3 and 6.8 +/- 2.1 mg x l(-1)), the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from 0 to 12 h (108 +/- 20 and 217 +/- 38 microg x h x ml(-1)), and the AUC from 0 h to infinity (154 +/- 36 and 292 +/- 77 microg x h x ml(-1)) were twice as high after 12-mg x kg(-1) injections as after 6-mg x kg(-1) injections. No differences in mean residence time (9.7 +/- 4.9 and 8.4 +/- 2.7 h) or terminal half-life (8.5 +/- 3.8 and 7.5 +/- 2.3 h) were observed. Teicoplanin penetrated mediastinal and heart tissues but not sternal bone, where the antibiotic was detectable in only 1 of 13 patients in group 1 and 2 of 10 patients in group 2. In group 1, 7 of 13 patients had teicoplanin concentrations in tissue that were lower than the MIC for 90% of the strains of potential pathogens tested (MIC90) that cause infection after cardiac surgery. All of the patients in group 2 but one had teicoplanin concentrations in tissue (other than in sternal bone) far in excess of the MIC90 for the potential pathogens. In conclusion, the 12-mg x kg(-1) regimen of teicoplanin is followed by a significant increase in teicoplanin concentrations in heart and mediastinal tissues and should be preferred to the 6-mg x kg(-1) regimen if teicoplanin is selected for antimicrobial prophylaxis in open heart surgery.