经颅穿刺治疗慢性硬膜下血肿72例体会

目的探讨经颅穿刺治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的方法和疗效。方法经CT引导定位,采用适当长度（约20mm）YL-I型颅内血肿穿刺针,钻孔冲洗引流慢性硬膜下血肿,并闭式引流。结果72例患者共行经颅穿刺术78部位次;术后全部病例临床症状迅速改善,意识障碍和偏瘫症状好转,术后复查CT,硬膜下血肿全部清除53例,硬膜下腔残留低密度少量积液19例,其中6例表现为脑脊液引流症状,经治疗后痊愈,未发生张力性气颅、颅内血肿、颅内感染和癫痫发作等并发症。术后随访3个月未见血肿复发病例。结论CT引导下经颅穿刺治疗慢性硬膜下血肿操作简便,创伤较小,并发症少,是一种安全有效的微侵袭治疗技术。     

新型颅内血肿穿刺引流系统治疗慢性硬膜下血肿（附23例分析）

目的探讨新型颅内血肿穿刺引流系统治疗慢性硬膜下血肿（CSDH）的疗效。方法回顾性分析23例CSDH的治疗经验。血肿量75～200ml,根据CT确定穿刺点,局麻下采用自行研制的颅内血肿粉碎引流器经皮穿刺,缓慢引出部分血肿液后,生理盐水冲洗、置换,直至引流液清亮,接引流袋并持续引流。结果本组无不良事件和严重并发症发生,术后症状均明显改善。术后第1天复查CT显示：血肿清除率达90%～95%,3～5d拔针,7～10d病人出院。结论新型颅内血肿穿刺引流系统治疗CSDH具有微创、安全、有效的优点。     

微创穿刺术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿

目的探讨微创穿刺治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的效果。方法根据CT准确定位均采用2cm长YL-1型-次性颅内血肿穿刺针穿刺治疗慢性硬膜下血肿33例。结果33例经治疗后病情皆即改善，临床症状逐渐消失。住院时间3-15d，平均7d。无1例死亡，也无并发症。术后1-3月复查CT显示血肿腔消失，无1例复发。结论微创刺术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿效果满意，可在基层医院广泛开展。     

微创穿刺术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿45例分析

目的观察微创穿刺术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿。方法使用YL-1型颅内血肿粉碎穿刺针进行45例慢性硬膜下血肿手术治疗的疗效观察。结果慢性硬膜下血肿患者经微创术穿刺血肿冲洗引流2～3d后,血肿完全或大部分清除,脑受压消失。结论微创术是治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的一种更简便、安全有效、经济的治疗方法。     

微创穿刺引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿58例疗效分析

目的 观察微创穿刺抽吸、冲洗引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿（CSDH）的疗效。方法 本组58例CSDH均经头颅CT和MRI检查确诊，采用YL-1型一次性使用颅内血肿粉碎穿刺针进行血肿微创穿刺抽吸、冲洗引流，血肿量50～120mL，引流时间3～5d。结果 58例中56例经一次穿刺抽吸、冲洗引流后治愈；2例引流无效，改行开颅血肿包膜切除术后治愈，无合并症，无死亡。结论 CSDH行微创穿刺抽吸、冲洗引流，创伤小、效果好、简便易行，可作为CSDH的有效治疗方法。     

锥颅引流延迟冲洗治疗慢性硬膜下血肿

目的改进慢性硬膜下血肿外科治疗的手术方法。方法使用颅内血肿粉碎穿刺针(简称微创针)锥颅，闭式引流，延迟冲洗治疗41例慢性硬膜下血肿。结果41例全部临床治愈。手术时间缩短至3～5min，多数病例术后颅内完全没有积气。9例病人冲洗后次日有300～500mL脑脊液引出，但夹管及拔针后病情无反复。无颅内感染、张力性气颅、出血、癫 等并发症。随访1～6个月，无复发。结论采用锥颅、引流一体化设计的微创针行闭式引流、延迟冲洗的方法治疗慢性硬膜下血肿，能显著减小创伤及缩短手术时间；可能避免术后气颅。     

微创闭式冲洗引流术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿46例疗效观察

目的 探讨应用微创闭式引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)的手术疗效。方法 采用YL-1型一次性使用颅内血肿粉碎穿刺针，在充电式手钻驱动下，于血肿最厚部位经皮锥颅，等压冲洗后留置穿刺针并接引流袋持续闭式引流，术后24～36h拔针。结果 46例中45例一次穿刺成功治愈，1例复发再穿刺治愈，无颅内感染、张力性气颅、颅内出血、癫痫等并发症。结论 微创闭式冲洗引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿，能显著减少创伤及缩短手术时间，是一种有效而安全的方法。     

微创穿刺引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿

目的探讨微创穿刺引流术在慢性硬膜下血肿治疗中的临床应用及治疗效果。方法用YL-1型一次性使用颅内血肿粉碎穿刺针微创穿刺引流慢性硬膜下血肿87例,不用生理盐水冲洗,穿刺成功后取头低足高位,适当补充液体,持续引流,适当延长引流时间。结果术后1～4个月随访并复查CT,85例完全消失,2例复发二次穿刺引流治愈。结论微创穿刺引流术在治疗慢性硬膜下血肿中,手术操作简便,治愈率高,不易发生并发症,治疗费用底,值得临床上推广应用。     

微创穿刺一次性冲洗引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿26例分析

目的探讨应用微创穿刺一次性冲洗闭式引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)的手术疗效。方法选择YL-1型一次性使用颅内血肿粉碎穿刺针，在充电式手钻驱动下，于血肿最厚部位经皮锥颅，抬高引流管15cm引流血肿，用引流出血肿液的1／2～2／3量生理盐水注入血肿腔后再引流，反复冲洗，再闭式引流48～72h拔针。结果26例均为一次穿刺成功，全部治愈，无颅内感染、张力性气颅、颅内出血、癫痈等并发症。结论微创穿刺一次性冲洗闭式引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿，能显著减少创伤、缩短手术时间和住院时间，是一种安全有效的方法。     

微创手术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的临床分析

目的 总结分析微创引流手术(使用YL-1型一次性颅内血肿穿刺粉碎针)联合尿激酶技术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的效果.方法 对48例慢性硬脑膜下血肿患者根据头颅CT扫描结果,采用局部麻醉下微创血肿腔置入YL-1型一次性颅内血肿穿刺粉碎针引流,若血肿中有血凝块,则分次血肿腔注入尿激酶溶解血肿液引流的方法治疗.并对治愈出院患者进行随访,总结治疗效果.结果 48例患者均获得随访,平均随访3个月,全组患者均取得较满意治疗效果,与手术相关并发症发生率为 2.08％(1/48),为非张力性气颅1例.结论 采用微创引流手术(使用YL-1型一次性颅内血肿穿刺粉碎针)联合尿激酶技术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿,能取得较钻孔引流术单纯微创冲洗引流更好的治疗效果.     

钻孔闭式引流和YL-1型穿刺针引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的疗效观察

目的比较钻孔闭式引流和YL—1型穿刺针引流在治疗慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)的疗效。方法回顾分析了我院收治的62例CSDH病人,45例行钻孔闭式引流术(甲组),17例行YL—1型穿刺针引流术(乙组),比较两组治疗效果。结果甲组复发率为6.5％,并发症率为4.1％,乙组复发率为27.7％,并发症率为22.2％。结论钻孔闭式引流较YL-1型穿刺针引流可明显减少CSDH复发率和并发症发生率。     

负压抽吸冲洗在慢性硬膜下血肿术后早期脑复位中的作用

目的分析探讨负压抽吸冲洗在慢性硬膜下血肿术后早期脑复位中的作用。 方法回顾性分析第三军医大学第三附属医院神经外科自2009年7月至2015年7月收治的287例慢性硬膜下血肿患者的临床资料,每例均行颅骨钻单孔,术中开放冲洗78例,闭合等量置换冲洗94例,负压抽吸冲洗115例,术后均置管闭合引流1~3 d,平卧致引流管拔除。全部病例均在术后24~72 h内复查头颅CT 1~2次,记录术后脑复位较好1次CT所示残腔最大厚度占术前血肿腔最大厚度的比值(脑膨胀率),分别计算开放冲洗组、闭合等量置换冲洗组和负压抽吸冲洗组所得脑膨胀率的标准差。记录所有病例术后早期(≤7 d)的并发症,包括出血、癫痫和感染,术后晚期(≥3个月)并发症,包括硬膜下积液和复发血肿。采用SPSS15.0统计软件对各组标准差进行方差分析,各组临床资料构成比进行χ²检验。 结果各组冲洗方法术后脑膨胀率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组临床资料构成比的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组病例出血、癫痫、感染等早期(≤7 d)并发症的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论针对术后早期(≤72 h)脑复位来讲,术中负压抽吸冲洗优于闭合等量置换冲洗,闭合等量置换冲洗优于开放冲洗。负压抽吸冲洗方法治疗慢性硬膜下血肿是有效、安全的。     

Chronic Subdural Hematomas : A Comparative Study of Three Types of Operative Procedures

Objective

Several surgical procedures have been reported for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). We compared the results of treatments for CSDH obtained from one burr-hole craniostomy with closed system drainage with or without irrigation, two burr-hole craniostomy with closed system drainage with irrigation, and small craniotomy with irrigation and closed-system drainage.

Methods

Eighty-seven patients with CSDH underwent surgery at our institution from January 2004 to December 2008. Our patients were classified into three groups according to the operative procedure; group I, one burr-hole craniostomy with closed system drainage with or without irrigation (n = 25), group II, two burr-hole craniostomy with closed system drainage with irrigation (n = 32), and group III, small craniotomy with irrigation and closed-system drainage (n = 30).

Results

Age distribution, male and female ratio, Markwalder''s grade on admission and at the time of discharge, size of hematoma before and after surgery, duration of operation, Hounsfield unit of hematoma before and after surgery, duration of hospital treatment, complication rate, and revision rate were categories that we compared between groups. Duration of operation and hospitalization were only two categories which were different. But, when comparing burr hole craniostomy group (group I and group II) with small craniotomy group (group III), duration of post-operative hospital treatment, complication and recurrence rate were statistically lower in small craniotomy group, even though operation time was longer.

Conclusion

Such results indicate that small craniotomy with irrigation and closed-system drainage can be considered as one of the treatment options in patients with CSDH.     

Indications and Surgical Results of Twist-Drill Craniostomy at the Pre-Coronal Point for Symptomatic Chronic Subdural Hematoma Patients

Objective

Twist-drill craniostomy (TDC) with closed-system drainage and burr-hole drainage (BHD) with a closed system are effective treatment options for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). The aim of this study was to analyze clinical data and surgical results from symptomatic CSDH patients who underwent TDC with closed-system drainage at the pre-coronal point (PCP).

Methods

We analyzed data for 134 symptomatic CSDH patients who underwent TDC at the PCP with closed-system drainage. We defined the PCP for TDC to be 1 cm anterior to the coronal suture at the level of superior temporal line. TDC at the PCP with closed-system drainage was selected in patients with CSDH that extended beyond the coronal suture, confirmed by preoperative CT scans. Medical records, radiological findings, and clinical performance were reviewed retrospectively.

Results

Of the 134 CSDH patients, 114 (85.1%) showed improved clinical performance and imaging findings after surgery. Catheter failures were seen in two cases (1.4%); the catheters were inserted in the epidural space. Recurrent cases were seen in eight patients (5.6%), and they were improved with a second BHD with a closed-system operation.

Conclusion

TDC at the PCP with closed-system drainage is safe and effective for patients with symptomatic CSDH whose hematomas extend beyond the coronal suture.     

Chronic subdural haematoma: surgical treatment and outcome in 1000 cases

Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common clinical entities in daily neurosurgical practice. To evaluate the clinical features, computed tomography findings, surgical results, and complications our series was statistically analysed to elucidate the factors affecting the post-operative outcome. A retrospective study (1980-2002) of the records of 1000 patients harbouring 1097 chronic subdural haematoma treated with burr-hole craniotomy with closed-system drainage was carried out. The series included 628 males and 372 females, age range 12-100 years, mean age 72.7+/-11.4 years. The mean interval from trauma to appearance of clinical symptoms was 49.1+/-7.4 days (15-751). The principal symptom was headache (29.7%) in the over 70s, and behavioural disturbance (33.8%) in the under 70s. The CSDH was right sided in 432 patients, left sided in 471, and bilateral in the remaining 97 cases. Post-operative complications occurred in 196 patients and 21 patients died in hospital. Poor prognosis was related to patient's age (>70) and clinical grade on admission (grades 0-2 versus grades 3-4).     

一种新型封闭式钻孔引流术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的临床疗效初步观察

目的观察慢性硬膜下血肿（CSDH）患者行单骨孔封闭冲洗及骨膜下引流术的疗效。 方法选取江阴市人民医院神经外科自2017年1月至2019年6月收治的CSDH患者106例,分为常规单骨孔钻孔引流术组（常规组）和单骨孔封闭冲洗及骨膜下引流术组（封闭组）,对2组患者的手术疗效及并发症进行统计分析。 结果2组患者的手术疗效比较差异无统计学意义（Z=0.262,P>0.05）;封闭组术后颅内积气量明显低于常规组,差异有统计学意义（Z=3.963,P<0.05）;2组患者术后症状性气颅、脑损伤、切口脑脊液漏、癫痫发作、血肿复发的发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论单骨孔封闭冲洗及骨膜下引流术治疗CSDH能明显降低术后颅内积气,是一种简单、有效、安全的治疗手段。     

硬通道微创穿刺与钻孔引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的疗效对比观察

目的探讨两种不同手术方式对于慢性硬膜下血肿患者治疗效果的临床差异性。方法将收治的623例慢性硬膜下血肿手术患者的临床资料作回顾性分析及对比研究,其中335例采用YL-1微创穿刺手术,288例采用钻孔引流手术。结果在手术时间、住院时间方面,两种术式有统计学差异(P0.05)。两种手术方式的治愈率、并发症发生率无明显差异(P0.05),穿刺组有1例患者因新鲜出血行骨瓣开颅。结论对于慢性硬膜下血肿患者,钻孔引流术是经典术式,微创穿刺术亦有明确疗效,且操作方法简便、创伤小,住院周期及花费少,在临床应用中可进一步推广。     

神经内窥镜辅助手术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿

目的探讨内窥镜技术在慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)手术治疗中的价值。方法 2008年1月~2012年12月,87例CSDH病人随机分为两组;内窥镜下冲洗引流组(n=42)和传统钻孔冲洗引流组(n=45),比较两组手术效果及术后并发症发生率。结果两组病例手术总有效率无显著差异,但两组恢复至Bender 0级的比率分别为80.0%和95.2%(P0.05)。传统手术组血肿复发9例(20.0%),内窥镜组血肿复发2例(5%),两组间术后血肿复发率有显著差异(P0.05)。结论内窥镜下手术治疗CSDH,效果好,降低了术后血肿复发率。     

慢性硬膜下血肿行钻孔引流术后引流不畅原因分析

目的分析慢性硬膜下血肿行钻孔引流术后引流不畅的原因以及防治措施。方法回顾性分析2008年6月一2013年7月我院11例慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔引流后出现引流不畅病例的临床资料并进行总结。包括患者症状、CT表现、引流不畅的原因、处理的措施及愈合等。结果因纤维分隔物、纤维蛋白降解产物堵塞引起引流不畅4例;引流管"打折"、侧孔被血肿包膜包绕4例;血凝块堵塞2例;颅内压下降过快1例。本组病例无严重并发症。结论采用灌注尿激酶、调整引流管角度和深度、适当补液、调整患者头位等处理措施可以提高引流效果,改善患者预后。     

慢性硬膜下血肿的手术治疗（附48例报告）

目的 探讨慢性硬膜下血肿的手术治疗.方法 CSDH患者48例,12例采用钻颅冲洗手术,36例采用钻颅冲洗加引流手术.结果 通过住院天数、术后出血、脑皮层未复张对两组进行比较,两种方法均取得较好的疗效.结论 CSDH患者的手术治疗首选钻颅冲洗引流术,钻孔冲洗亦是一种好方法,手术的关键在于血肿腔彻底的冲洗.