低位直肠癌精准功能保肛（PPS）时代真的来了吗?——PPS在低位直肠癌保肛中的应用与研究

直肠癌是目前较为常见的恶性肿瘤,其中低位直肠癌占50%以上,根治性手术是目前最有效的治疗方式。低位直肠癌保肛一直是结直肠外科领域的热点与难点,近年来在保肛率和保肛质量上一直未取得突破性进展,其根本原因是没有良好的手术视野和创新性的手术器械。通过特制器械辅助,精准功能保肛手术可在直视下完成低位直肠癌病灶的精准切除和肠管断端的确切缝合,为低位直肠癌的保肛治疗提供了新方法。     

低位直肠癌保肛手术42例应用观察

目的观察低位直肠癌保肛手术的临床疗效。方法对42例低位直肠癌采用保肛手术治疗。结果本组均顺利实施手术,仅1例转为传统Miles手术;术后随访1～24个月,局部复发2例,远处转移2例,死亡3例;患者对手术的总体满意度为83．33％。治疗后在患者SCL-90量表评分低于治疗前,P〈0．05。结论低位直肠癌保肛手术安全有效,可明显改善患者的生活质量。     

中低位直肠癌保肛手术67例体会

1991年 1月至 1 999年 1 2月 ,我院共行直肠癌手术 1 67例 ,保肛手术 67例 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法本组男 39例 ,女 2 8例 ;年龄 2 3～ 79岁 ,平均 61岁。肿瘤下缘距肛缘 4～ 5cm1 5例 ,6～ 7cm46例 ,7cm以上 6例。Ducks分期 A期 7例、B期 50例、C期 1 0例。病理分型腺癌 59例 ,粘液腺癌 8例。手术方法 :Dixon手术 8例 (其中利用吻合器低位吻合 3例 ) ,Bacon手术 1 1例 ,改良 Bacon手术 37例 ,Parks手术1 1例。均按向上、向两侧清扫淋巴结 ,手术标本均于术中行快速冰冻病理切片 ,以保证远端及周围无残存肿瘤组织、细胞。术后用顺铂…     

低位直肠癌保肛治疗围手术期护理

2001年5月至2003年6月，我们采用吻合器保肛手术治疗低体位直肠癌患者22例，取得了满意效果。现将围手术期护理体会总结如下。     

中低位直肠癌行保肛手术184例临床分析

自1908年Miles术式创建以来。为众多中低位直肠癌患义带来了生存的希望，但术后终生的膨壁造口又使大部分患痛苦不堪。自1986年以来，我们对184例中低位直肠癌患有选择的施行了保肛手术，经2年以上的随访，效果满意，报告如下：     

吻合器用于中低位直肠癌保肛手术66例治疗体会

1997～ 2 0 0 1年 ,我院对 6 6例中低位直肠癌患者实施Dixon手术 ,采用吻合器完成骶前吻合 ,术后发生吻合口瘘 3例。现报告如下。临床资料 :本组男 41例 ,女 2 5例 ;年龄 2 7～ 75岁 ,平均5 5 .8岁。肿瘤下缘距肛缘 5～ 8cm,肛诊均能触及肿瘤 ,术前活检诊断为腺癌 5 0例 ,粘液腺癌 11例 ,低分化腺癌 2例 ,息肉恶变 2例 ,印戒细胞癌 1例。 Dukes分期为 A期 2例 ,B期2 4例 ,C期 37例 ,D期 3例。手术方法 :使用 34号 GF- 1型直式管道吻合器 ,肿瘤切除及淋巴结清除范围同 Miles'手术 ,肿瘤远端切除均超过2 .5 cm。充分游离直肠系膜及周围脂…     

保肛手术治疗低位直肠癌142例分析

1998年以来 ,我院收治低位直肠癌 14 2例。现就直肠低位吻合保肛手术的有关问题分析如下。临床资料 :低位直肠癌 (距肛缘 7～ 4 cm) 14 2例 ,男 94例 ,女 4 8例 ;年龄 2 8～ 74岁。低位吻合术 10 2例 ,拖出式手术4 0例。就诊症状为便形变细、粘液脓血便、大便次数增多、消瘦等。直肠指诊触及菜花状或溃疡型肿物 ,纤维结肠镜活检病理确诊 ,腔内超声检查示癌肿均未侵透肌层 ,CT检查示直肠周围无浸润及远处转移。病理组织学分型为高分化腺癌 4 2例 ,中分化腺癌 6 0例 ,低分化腺癌 2 8例 ,粘液腺癌 12例。治疗方法 :1术前准备 :术前 3天口服庆…     

低位直肠癌结肠成形术与J型袋结肠肛管吻合术近远期疗效评估

低位直肠癌患者84例分为两组,44例采用结肠J形袋结肠肛管吻合术,40例采用横形结肠成形结肠肛管吻合术组,均在直肠癌直肠全系膜切除基础上进行保肛治疗,评价术后并发症和近期及远期效果。发现两组患者6个月及1a后排便功能控制满意,术后并发症相似。提示在标准化手术的前提下结肠成形术与J型袋结肠肛管吻合术术后并发症及疗效无明显差别,而结肠成形术的适应证更加广泛。     

双钉吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

双钉吻合器可解决低位直肠癌盆腔深部吻合困难的问题,具有手术省时、安全、吻合口瘘发生率低等优点.2001年11月～2006年11月,我院采用双钉吻合法行低位直肠癌保肛手术27例.现报告如下.     

保肛手术与Miles手术治疗低位直肠癌效果对比观察

2009年1月-2010年12月,我们对比观察了保肛手术与Miles手术治疗低位直肠癌的效果。现将结果报告如下。     

Indications for colonic J-pouch reconstruction after anterior resection for rectal cancer

PURPOSE: Functional outcome after anterior resection for rectal cancer is improved by colonic J-pouch reconstruction compared with straight anastomosis. The indications for colonic J-pouch reconstruction have yet to be determined. Therefore, we attempted to determine the level at which J-pouch reconstruction provides an advantage over straight anastomosis. METHODS: A total of 48 patients who underwent 5-cm colonic J-pouch reconstruction (J-pouch group) and 80 patients who underwent straight anastomosis (straight group) underwent functional assessment one year postoperatively. RESULTS: The functional outcome in the J-pouch group was significantly better than that in the straight group when the distance of the anastomosis from the anal verge was less than 8 cm. The difference was particularly obvious when the level of the anastomosis was below 4 cm. However, functional outcome in the straight group when the anastomosis was between 9 and 12 cm from the anal verge was also satisfactory and did not differ from that in the J-pouch group when the anastomosis was between 5 and 8 cm from the anal verge. CONCLUSIONS: Colonic J-pouch reconstruction is indicated when the distance of anastomosis from the anal verge is less than 8 cm, and it is essential when the distance is less than 4 cm.Supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science and a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare.     

Colonic J-pouch function in rectal cancer patients

PURPOSE: The colonic J-pouch technique of reconstruction optimizes functional outcome after proctectomy with coloanal anastomosis. However, the impact of adjuvant chemoradiation therapy on pouch function in rectal cancer patients has not been investigated. METHODS: From January 1994 to December 1999, 74 patients with midrectal or low rectal tumors (less than 10 cm from the anal verge) underwent a proctectomy with coloanal anastomosis with colonic J-pouch reconstruction. Chemoradiation was offered in patients with Stage II and III disease. Radiation therapy was administered using a four-field technique including the anal canal, for a total dose of 50.4 Gy (1.8 Gy/fraction/day). Fifteen patients (20 percent) died with metastatic disease, five (6.8 percent) died of other causes without evidence of recurrence, and five (6.8 percent) were lost to follow-up. In addition, two patients had local recurrence (2.7 percent) at the time of follow-up. Forty-five of 47 eligible patients (96 percent) responded to a questionnaire designed to evaluate specifically the degree of continence and pouch evacuation. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 68.9 (range, 42–88) years and the mean duration of follow-up was 28.8 (range, 1–69) months. There were 28 patients in the surgery alone group and 17 patients who received either preoperative (13) or postoperative (4) adjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Patients in the surgery alone group had a significantly better degree of continence (mean ± standard deviation continence score: 18.1 ± 2.9vs. 13.3 ± 4.1,P<0.001) and were less likely to experience evacuatory problems (mean ± standard deviation evacuation score: 21.3 ± 3.7vs. 16.4 ± 3.5,P<0.001). Use of a pad was more frequent in the chemoradiation therapy than in the surgery alone group (53vs. 18 percent,P=0.02). The incidence after functional disorders was also more frequent in the irradiated group of patients: incontinence to gas (76vs. 43 percent,P=0.03), to liquid stool (64vs. 25 percent,P=0.01), and to solid stool (47vs. 11 percent,P=0.01). Moreover, irradiated patients reported more frequent pouch-related specific problems, such as clustering (82vs. 32 percent,P=0.001), and sensation of incomplete evacuation (82vs. 32 percent,P=0.001). Finally, regression analysis demonstrated that radiation-induced sphincter dysfunction was progressive over time. CONCLUSIONS: Both preoperative and postoperative chemoradiation therapy adversely affects continence and evacuation in patients with colonic J-pouch. Because radiation-induced damage to the normal tissues is known to be cumulative over time, long-term progressive dysfunction of the anal sphincter and neorectum are causes of concern. Consideration should be given to excluding the anal canal from the field of irradiation in patients with Stage II and III rectal cancer, whenever a sphincter-preserving procedure is planned.P. Gervaz is a recipient of the James Ewing Young Investigator Award for clinical research by the Society of Surgical Oncology. Supported in part by the Caporella Family     

低位直肠癌患者使用直肠拖出切除吻合术的临床优势

目的探讨低位直肠癌患者使用直肠拖出切除吻合术的临床优势,为该手术的临床应用提供理论支持。 方法对重庆市人民医院36例低位直肠癌患者随机分为实验组及对照组,每组各18例,实验组行直肠拖出切除吻合术,对照组行经腹直肠前切除吻合术。评估两组患者的的临床指标、肛门功能以及其预后情况。 结果对两组的临床基本资料进行比较,其中手术时间（t=15.728,P=0.000）、住院天数（t=4.391,P=0.044）、术中出血量（t=5.231,P=0.029）差异具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;对两组患者术后不同时段的肛门功能进行比较,其中6个月时各等级（t=10.000,P=0.040）差异具有统计学意义;对两组患者的预后情况进行比较,其中两组患者在复发例数上（χ²=4.500,P=0.034）差异具有显著统计学意义。 结论低位直肠癌患者使用直肠拖出切除吻合术能有效的减少患者的手术时间,提高患者的生活质量,不失为一种安全、可行的手术方法。     

Evaluation of selective defunctioning stoma after low anterior resection for rectal cancer

Background Anastomotic leakage is a major concern after resection for low rectal cancer. Therefore, the use of a defunctioning stoma (DS) has been suggested, but limited data exist to clearly determine the necessity of a routine diversion. In our department, the indication of DS was evaluated subjectively by the operating surgeon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the selective use of fecal diversion. Materials and methods Retrospective chart review of patients who underwent low anterior resection for carcinoma was performed. The incidence and consequences of clinical leaks were determined in these patients who were considered in two groups: defunctioning stoma and no defunctioning stoma. Results From 1995 to 2005, 132 consecutive patients underwent low anterior resection; a DS was performed in 42 patients (31.8%). Median level of anastomosis was 4 cm in both groups. Overall clinical leakage rate was 9.8%: 7.1% (n = 3) with a DS and 11% (n = 10) without a stoma. Mortality rate was 1.5% (n = 2), both in the unprotected group. No patient in the diversion group required a permanent stoma, contrasting with four unprotected patients in which continuity could not be restored after break down of the anastomosis. Conclusion Finding lower clinical leakage rate in a probable higher risk group and better outcome when a leak occurs in our study constituted strong evidence of the effectiveness of a DS. Selective use of a DS based on subjective assessment at the time of surgery could not allow experienced surgeons to perform single-stage procedure safely. Construction of a DS seems useful for patients with distal rectal cancer.     

Functional outcome after low anterior resection with low anastomosis for rectal cancer using the colonic J-pouch

PURPOSE: Functional outcome after low anterior resection with ultralow coloanal anastomosis for rectal cancer is improved by construction of a colonic J-pouch vs. straight anastomosis. Optimum size of this pouch has yet to be determined. Therefore, we initiated a prospective, randomized trial using 5-cm and 10-cm pouches to determine this size. METHODS: Patients with tumors 5 to 10 cm from the anal verge were included in the study. Before a low anterior resection anastomosis was performed, patients were randomized to either a 5-cm J-pouch group (5-J group) or a 10-cm J-pouch group (10-J group). Functional assessments were performed one year postoperatively. Clinical functions were evaluated using a functional scoring system. Physiologic functions, such as sphincter and reservoir function, were evaluated by anorectal manometry and evacuation function by the balloon expulsion and saline evacuation tests. RESULTS: Forty patients among 43 randomized patients were assessed for functional outcome one year postoperatively (5-J group, n=20; 10-J group, n=20). The functional score was similar for the two groups, although reservoir function in the 5-J group was significantly less than in the 10-J group. Sphincter function was similar between the two groups. Evacuation function in the 5-J group was significantly superior to that in the 10-J group. CONCLUSIONS: The 5-cm J-pouch conferred adequate reservoir function without compromising evacuation.Supported, in part, by a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science.     

Colonic J-pouch anal anastomosis after ultralow anterior resection with upper sphincter excision for low-lying rectal cancer

AIM: There is some evidence of functional superiority of colonic J-pouch over straight coloanal anastomosis (CM) in ultralow anterior resection (ULAR) or intersphincteric resection. On the assumption that colonic J-pouch anal anastomosis is superior to straight CM in ULAR with upper sphincter excision (USE: excision of the upper part of the internal sphincter) for low-lying rectal cancer, we compare functional outcome of colonic J-pouch vsthe straight CM. METHODS: Fifty patients of one hundred and thirty-three rectal cancer patients in whom lower margin of the tumors were located between 3 and 5 cm from the anal verge received ULAR including USE from September 1998 to January 2002. Patients were randomized for reconstruction using either a straight (n = 26) or a colonic J-pouch anastomosis (n = 24) with a temporary diverting-loop ileostomy. All patients were followed-up prospectively by a standardized questionnaire [Fecal Inco-ntinence Severity Index (FISI) scores and Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life (FIQL) scales]. RESULTS: We found that, compared to straight anastomosis patients, the frequency of defecation was significantly lower in J-pouch anastomosis patients for 10 mo after ileostomy takedown. The FISI scores and FIQL scales were significantly better in J-pouch patients than in straight patients at both 3 and 12 mo after ileostomy takedown. Furthermore, we found that FISI scores highly correlated with FIQL scales. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that colonic J-pouch anal anastomosis decreases the severity of fecal incontinence and improves the quality of life for 10 mo after ileostomy takedown in patients undergoing ULAR with USE for low-lying rectal cancer.     

Age and distal colonic findings determine the yield of advanced proximal neoplasia in Chinese patients with rectal bleeding

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Few data were available on the optimal diagnostic strategy for Chinese patients with hematochezia. We aimed to evaluate the impact of age and distal colonic findings on the yield of diagnostic strategies in young Chinese patients with hematochezia. METHODS: Consecutive outpatients aged less than 50 years were analyzed using a hypothesized mixed diagnostic strategy to determine the optimal cut-off age for the use of sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. The efficacy and cost of the diagnostic strategy and the number of colonoscopies needed to detect one advanced proximal neoplasm (APN) using different cut-off ages were assessed. RESULTS: In the hypothesized mixed diagnostic strategy for young patients, the sensitivities for the detection of APN were 100%, 92% and 75% if the cut-off ages were 30, 35 and 40 years, respectively. The cost needed to detect one APN would be $US 3155, $US 3179 and $US 3497 if the cut-off ages were 30, 35 and 40 years, respectively. Colonoscopy would be performed in 84%, 69% and 51% of patients if the cut-off ages were 30, 35 and 40 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Colonoscopy should be considered for Chinese patients with rectal bleeding who are aged > or =35 years or those aged <35 years who have adenoma in the distal colon.     

Characterization of distal colonic motility in early postoperative period and effect of colonic anastomosis

Under standardized conditions, the manometric motility of the distal colon following rectosigmoid anastomosis (N=11, median age 70 years, range 47–80), was compared to that following laparotomies not involving colonic anastomosis (N=9, 56 years, 32–65). Microtransducer probes were inserted peroperatively and colonic activity recorded continuously (median 96 hr, range 48–109 anastomotic and 75 hr, range 46–107 control group) employing an ambulatory system. Quantitative indices of motility were calculated with an automated analysis program. Total postoperative analgesic doses and duration of surgery were similar in both groups. The first return in the anastomotic group of isolated waveforms [median 1.8 hr, interquartile range (IQR) 1–3] and propagated waves (92 hr, 79–100), was comparable to the control group (4 hr, 1.8–7, and 73 hr, 72–101, respectively). Motor complexes, characterized by bursts of regular contractile activity at 3–5 cpm, returned faster in the control group (3 hr, 2–24 vs 24 hr, 19–30,P<0.05). Motility index was significantly depressed during the first 72 hr following surgery in the anastomotic group compared to controls (P<0.001). Flatus was passed at a median of 72 hr (IQR 45–79) in the control and 94 hr (81–105) in the anastomotic group (P=0.05). The presence of a left-sided colonic anastomosis has a major inhibitory effect on distal colonic motility, compared to nonanastomotic surgery of similar severity, in the early postoperative period.Funded by M.R.C. grant.     

The blind colonic J-pouch: an original technique to reduce the surgical risk in the treatment of extra-peritoneal rectal cancer

Background Low and ultra-low anterior resection with colo-rectal or colo-anal anastomosis is accompanied by high frequency of postoperative anastomotic leakage. The aim of this report is to describe a novel technical approach to colorectal reconstruction. Materials and methods The innovative procedure introduces the principle of ‘no anastomosis–no leakage’, and it can be performed both laparascopically or by means of a laparotomy. It consists of a simple colo-rectal or colo-anal apposition with latero-terminal modality, with the creation of a colonic J-pouch called “blind” because it remains closed in the external site and the anus is sealed up. The surgery is completed with an exclusive derivative colostomy, and the reconstruction of the intestinal continuity is postponed to a second operation. Within 4–6 weeks from the first, the blind pouch is opened, the communication between the anus and the colon is established, and the colostomy is closed and reduced in the peritoneal cavity. Results and conclusions Ethics committee of our hospital approved the experimental program; actually, we are finishing the first step on 15 patients, and preliminary clinical results look like to be very good. The innovative methodology is here described in advance, and we pledge to spread clinical results in a subsequent report.     

老年直肠癌患者术后同步放化疗症候群与生活质量的相关性研究

目的 探索老年直肠癌术后同步放化疗患者的生活质量改变及其与临床症候群之间的相关性。方法 选取2019年1月—2020年6月空军军医大学唐都医院明确诊断为直肠癌拟行直肠癌根治术+术后同步放化疗的61例老年患者为研究对象。采用生活质量测定一般量表（The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General,FACT-G）,评定患者的生活质量;采用汉化版记忆症状评估量表（Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale,MSAS）和常见不良事件评价标准,分别评估患者的症状及术后不良反应情况。结果 患者的生活质量评分总得分为（56.51±12.61）分,从高到底依次为生理状况、社会/家庭状况、情感状况和功能状况评分。直肠癌术后同步放化疗患者中,有50.8%、36.1%、42.6%及82%分别出现消化道、血液学、皮肤及泌尿系统不良反应。直肠癌术后同步放化疗患者MSAS评分总分为（32.15±14.56）分,其他分数从高到低分别为总困扰指数、生理症状和心理症状评分。患者的FACT-G量表总分与MSAS量表总分（r=-0.71,P<...