增韧剂对尼龙6/碳纤维复合材料性能的影响

分别以马来酸酐接枝三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM-g-MAH）、马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-MAH）、马来酸酐接枝氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物（SEBS-g-MAH）为增韧剂,采用双螺杆挤出机制备了3种增韧改性尼龙6/碳纤维（PA6/CF）复合材料。采用力学性能、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、差示扫描量热分析（DSC）、X射线多晶衍射分析（XRD）等手段对复合材料的界面结构和性能进行研究。结果表明：增韧后,PA6/CF复合材料的力学性能提高,其中,EPDM-g-MAH增韧改性的PA6/CF复合材料（PA6/CF/EPDM）的拉伸强度和冲击强度相对于PA6/CF分别提高了7%和16%,碳纤维与基体间的界面结合力显著增强;同时,增韧改性后的PA6/CF复合材料中的尼龙6的结晶度增加且更易形成稳定的α晶型。另外,与PA6/CF相比,增韧剂的加入略微降低了树脂基体的熔点。     

接枝型镉离子印迹膜的制备及其识别选择性能

以乙二胺（EDA）为试剂,对氯甲基化聚砜微滤膜（CMPSF）进行化学改性,制得胺基化聚砜微滤膜（AMPSF）;然后在AMPSF膜与水溶液界面处,构建—NH₂/S₂O₈^2-表面引发体系;最后以对苯乙烯磺酸钠（SSS）为单体、Cd²⁺为模板、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（MBA）为交联剂,采用接枝/交联与离子印迹同步进行的方法,制得接枝型Cd²⁺印迹膜（GⅡM）。采用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及光学显微镜（OM）对印迹膜进行表征,并深入研究了印迹膜对Cd²⁺的识别选择性能和渗透分离性能。结果表明,印迹膜对Cd²⁺具有优良的结合亲和性、识别选择性及渗透分离性,结合量与渗透量分别高达1.41 mmol/cm²和0.95 mg/mL,而相对于参比离子Pb²⁺和Zn²⁺,印迹膜对Cd²⁺的选择系数分别为9.97和11.9。     

充填蓝宝石用SiO2-TiO2-RO-R'2O系列玻璃的性能

设计并熔制了作为蓝宝石充填材料用的SiO₂-TiO₂-RO-R''₂O（其中R代表二价碱金属离子Ba²⁺、Zn²⁺,R''代表一价碱金属离子Na⁺、K⁺）系列玻璃。通过对玻璃的物理性能（密度和折射率）、热稳定性（玻璃化转变温度和析晶温度）以及玻璃骨架结构的探讨,研究了混合碱效应对玻璃性能的影响。结果表明,该系列玻璃在n（Na⁺）：n（K⁺）=2：3时,其密度、折射率等物理性能符合蓝宝石充填要求,且热稳定性强,充填过程不容易发生析晶,可作为蓝宝石充填材料。     

明胶-环氧聚醚胺交联膜的合成及其对重金属离子的吸附性能

首先利用聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(PEO-DE)、聚二甲基硅氧烷二缩水甘油醚(PDMS-DE)与无水哌嗪以1:1:1的物质的量之比反应合成环氧封端的聚醚胺(ePEA),然后将ePEA分散在水相中与明胶混合,浇铸固化成膜。利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、示差扫描量热法(DSC)和原子吸收光谱(AAS)等手段研究了明胶-环氧聚醚胺交联膜的结构和离子吸附性能。结果表明,与纯明胶膜相比,交联膜中的环氧聚醚胺与明胶之间出现了新的化学交联结构,在水溶液中的稳定性提高;交联膜对Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺均有一定的吸附作用,并且吸附能力随着ePEA含量的增加而增加;吸附过程符合二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温模型。     

三(3-乙炔基苯胺)-苯基硅烷改性含硅芳炔树脂的性能

以苯基三氯硅烷、3-氨基苯乙炔为原料,通过胺解反应合成了三（3-乙炔基苯胺）苯基硅烷（SZTA）,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和核磁共振氢谱（¹H-NMR）表征了其结构。随后通过熔融共混的方法制备了不同配比的改性含硅芳炔树脂（PSA/SZTA）,借助黏度计、流变仪、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、电子万能试验机、热重分析仪（TG）等考察了改性树脂的工艺性能、固化特性、弯曲性能、热稳定性能和热解动力学等。结果显示,引入SZTA后,改性PSA树脂的黏度降低62%;改性PSA树脂固化物的弯曲强度最高达到34.6 MPa,比未改性的PSA树脂提高了约54%;且改性树脂固化物在N₂中的5%热失重温度（T_d5）均高于500 ℃,保持了良好的耐热性能;PSA/SZTA-20固化物的热解表观活化能（E_a）的平均值为249 kJ/mol。     

梳型聚合物超分散剂的合成及其在有机介质中分散CaCO3的研究

设计合成了一种新型梳型聚合物SMA-g-PSHD,用于在有机介质中分散超细碳酸钙。该梳型聚合物分别以羧基为锚固基团,低极性聚酯PSHD为溶剂化链。通过FT-IR、¹H-NMR和凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）对梳型聚合物的结构、组成和分子量进行表征,并且系统地研究了SMA-g-PSHD对CaCO₃在有机介质中的分散性、悬浮液流变行为和稳定性的影响,结果表明：梳型聚合物明显改善了CaCO₃的分散性,使其在有机介质中几乎呈单颗粒分布;悬浮液黏度显著降低,并且呈近牛顿流体特征;SMA-g-PSHD改性后的悬浮液具有极佳的稳定性。     

纳米SiO2及磁性γ-Fe2O3@SiO2对Hg2+的吸附及去除

首先用微乳法合成了纳米SiO₂和纳米γ-Fe₂O₃,然后利用传统的St ber方法合成出核壳结构的γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂,并利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、振动样品磁强计（VSM）对其进行了表征。采用双硫腙光度法在551 nm处,测定了Hg²⁺在纳米SiO₂、纳米γ-Fe₂O₃和γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂表面的吸附等温线,发现三者的吸附等温线类型依次为Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅰ型,等温线类型与纳米材料的分散性、表面硅羟基、离子空位以及磁性有关。利用双吸附等温线法、准一级和准二级动力学模型对吸附数据进行拟合得出：纳米SiO₂和γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂对Hg²⁺的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,而纳米γ-Fe₂O₃对Hg²⁺的吸附符合Freundlich等温式。三者对Hg²⁺的去除率均与pH有关,均属于准二级动力学模型。     

含叔丁基可溶性芳香聚酰胺的制备及其性能研究

采用含叔丁基二胺的单体3,3''-二叔丁基-4,4''-二氨基二苯基-4″-叔丁基苯基甲烷（TADBP）分别与萘-1,4-二甲酸、间苯二甲酸和4,4-二苯醚二甲酸3种二酸单体通过Yamazaki膦酰化法缩聚制得一系列新型可溶性芳香聚酰胺（PA）。通过FT-IR、¹H-NMR、TG、DSC等测试手段研究了含叔丁基芳香聚酰胺的结构与性能,以及聚合物结构对其溶解性能、热性能的影响。结果表明：PA具有优异的溶解性能,常温下不仅能溶于高沸点的N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）、二甲基亚砜（DMSO）等强极性溶剂中,加热条件下甚至能溶于四氢呋喃、氯仿、二氯甲烷等低沸点溶剂;同时,PA还具有良好的热性能,玻璃化转变温度（T_g）为188~193℃,氮气氛围下失重5%和10%时的热失重温度分别为391~416℃和404~437℃。     

氮硼共掺杂有序介孔碳的制备及性能

采用硬模板法,以间位碳硼烷为硼源、3-氨基苯基乙炔树脂为氮源和碳源、介孔二氧化硅（SBA-15）为硬模板,成功制备了氮硼共掺杂的有序介孔碳材料（NBC）。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、N₂吸附-脱附测试、透射电镜（TEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）研究了前驱体中B与N的物质的量之比（n_B/n_N）对NBC结构的影响。采用紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）研究了NBC对甲基橙染料的吸附性能。结果表明：NBC具有二维六方的有序结构,孔径可调且分布集中在3~6 nm。其中,NBC-1.0样品（n_B/n_N=1.0）具有最高的比表面积（1 560 m²/g）、最大比孔容（1.92 cm³/g）及高度有序性。相比于传统的活性炭吸附剂（吸附量61 mg/g）,NBC-1.0可以实现对甲基橙染料的快速、有效吸附,其吸附量可达214 mg/g。     

多巴胺表面改性碳纤维对PVDF/CF复合材料性能的影响

对碳纤维（CF）进行去浆处理,再利用多巴胺对CF改性,得到多巴胺改性CF（DARCF）,添加马来酸酐接枝聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF-g-MAH）,制备了DARCF增强PVDF-g-MAH复合材料（PVDF-g-MAH/DARCF）。采用原子力显微镜（AFM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对CF表面的粗糙度、结构和官能团进行表征。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、界面接触角测试和力学性能测试对复合材料的界面、力学性能进行测试。结果表明：改性之后,DARCF表面粗糙度增加,与树脂的界面结合强度提高,PVDF-g-MAH/DARCF的弯曲强度和模量比未改性的PVDF/CF分别提高了71.3%和36.9%。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.