三桠苦枝叶化学成分的分离、鉴定

目的 研究三桠苦[Evodia lepta（Spreng.）Merr.]枝叶的化学成分,为三桠苦的进一步研究奠定物质基础。方法 对三桠苦无水乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取物采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化,得到单体化合物,经波谱分析鉴定其化合物结构。结果 从三桠苦乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到6个单体化合物,分别为异吴茱萸酮酚（化合物1）、异吴茱萸酮酚甲醚（化合物2）、3,5-二羟基-4-乙氧基-6-乙酰基-7-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基苯并二氢吡喃（化合物3）、（cis）-3,4,5-三羟基-6-乙酰基-7-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基色烷（化合物4）和（trans）-3,4-二羟基-5-甲氧基-6-乙酰基-7-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基色烷（化合物5）和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯（化合物6）。结论 化合物1~6均为首次从三桠苦植物的枝叶中分离得到。     

白益母草中酚苷类化合物的分离鉴定及其体外抗氧化活性评价

目的 分离鉴定白益母草中抗氧化活性成分。方法 采用常规回流提取法先以二氯甲烷对白益母草脱脂，然后药渣用乙酸乙酯提取得到其提取物。乙酸乙酯提取物利用硅胶、葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱及HPLC进行分离，分离得到化合物经波谱学数据分析，确定其结构式。同时，利用1，1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）法测定分离得到化合物的抗氧化活性。结果 从白益母草乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到4个酚苷类化合物，分别为毛蕊花苷（1），5，7，4''-三羟基黄酮-7-O-（6″-O-[E]-香豆酰基）-β-葡萄糖苷（2），5，7，4''-三羟基黄酮-7-O-（6″-O-[E]-咖啡酰基）-β-葡萄糖苷（3）和5，7，4''-三羟基黄酮-7-O-（6″-O-[E]-二香豆酰基）-β-葡萄糖苷（4）。化合物1~4表现出较好的抗氧化活性，其EC₅₀平均值分别为（19.5±1.81），（26.2±3.4），（22.9±2.7），（24.4±3.1）。结论 化合物1~4均为首次从该药材中分离得到，可作为天然抗氧化剂。     

西沙群岛隋氏蒂壳海绵Theonella swinhoei的化学成分研究

目的 对采自西沙群岛的隋氏蒂壳海绵（Theonella swinhoei）的次生代谢产物进行研究。方法 运用溶剂分步萃取以及减压柱色谱、中压柱色谱、薄层色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、高效液相色谱及液质联用等多种色谱分离与分析手段,对隋氏蒂壳海绵的石油醚和二氯甲烷萃取部位进行分离纯化,通过化合物的理化性质及波谱数据,结合文献进行结构鉴定。结果 共分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为cholest-7-ene-3β,5α,6β-triol（1）,ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol（2）,25-norcycloartane-3β,6α,16β,24-tetraol（3）,sinuflexibilin D（4）,14-deoxycrassin（5）,N-（2-phenylethyl）-（9Z）-tetradecanamide（6）,N-（2-phenylethyl）-tetradecanamide（7）,7,8-dimethyl-isoalloxazine（8）。结论 化合物1~7首次从Theonella属海绵中分离得到。     

中国南海山海绵Mycale sp.的化学成分研究

目的 对采自中国南海山海绵Mycale sp.的化学成分进行研究。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、高效液相色谱等多种色谱学分离手段,对山海绵Mycale sp.的乙酸乙酯萃取层进行分离纯化;应用现代波谱技术,结合理化性质与文献报道对化合物进行结构鉴定;用Cell Counting Kit-8（CCK-8）法对化合物进行体外人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7及人肺癌细胞株PC9细胞生长抑制活性进行测试。结果 共分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为：环（脯-异亮）二肽[cyclo-（Pro-Ile）]（1）,环（脯-亮）二肽[cyclo-（Pro-Leu）]（2）,环（异亮-亮）二肽[cyclo-（Ile-Leu）]（3）,环（苯丙-脯）二肽[cyclo-（Phe-Pro）]（4）,环（苯丙-缬）二肽[cyclo-（Phe-Val）]（5）,环（苯丙-亮）二肽[cyclo-（Phe-Leu）]（6）,环（苯丙-异亮）二肽[cyclo-（Phe-Ile）]（7）,2''-deoxythymidine（8）,胸腺嘧啶（thymine）（9）,5-hydroxy-3,4-dimethy-5-pentyl-2（5H）-furanone（10）。经体外活性筛选发现,这些化合物对MCF-7及PC9未显示明显的生长抑制活性。结论 化合物 1、2、4、5、6、7和10 均为首次从该属海绵中分离得到,本研究首次对化合物 1 ~ 10 的抗肿瘤活性进行了评价。     

中国西沙群岛沐浴海绵的化学成分研究

目的 研究中国西沙群岛沐浴海绵Spongia sp.的化学成分。方法 运用正相硅胶柱色谱、反相ODS柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱以及半制备高效液相色谱等多种色谱学分离手段,对沐浴海绵Spongia sp.的石油醚萃取层进行分离纯化;通过理化性质、波谱学数据并结合文献报道鉴定化合物的结构,采用微量稀释法评价化合物的体外抗真菌活性。结果 从海绵Spongia sp.中分离并鉴定了9个化合物,分别为smenodiol（1）、smenospongorine（2）、5-epi-smenospongorine（3）、dictyoceratin C（4）、epi-smenospongidine（5）、 dictyoceratin A（6）、stigmasta-4,6,8（14 ）,22-tetraen-3-one（7）、3-oxo-4,6,8（14 ）-triunsaturated steroid（8）、ergosta-4,6,8（14 ）,22-tetraen-3-one（9）。结论 化合物1 ~ 9均为首次从该属海绵中分离得到,体外抗真菌活性测试显示,化合物 2、3、5和 9 对3种受试菌株（白色念珠菌、须癣毛癣菌和红色毛癣菌）表现出程度不等的抑制活性,MIC值范围在12.5~25 μg/ml。     

山胡椒内生真菌Trichoderma sp. SHJN1和Perenniporia sp. SHJG1的抗肿瘤活性成分研究

目的 从民族药山胡椒内生真菌Trichoderma sp.SHJN1和Perenniporia sp.SHJG1的代谢物中寻找活性先导化合物。方法 采用正相硅胶、反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶及制备型HPLC等对Trichoderma sp.SHJN1和Perenniporia sp.SHJG1发酵物进行分离纯化，再通过NMR、ESI-MS等鉴定化合物结构，同时采用人乳腺癌细胞（MCF-7）和人肺癌细胞（A549）对这些化合物的抗肿瘤活性进行初步评价。结果 从2株内生真菌次级代谢产物中共分离鉴定了12个化合物：alantrypinone （1）、oryzalactam （2）、phomoindene A （3）、cis-gregatin B （4）、huaspenone B （5）、stigmasta-7，22-dien-3β，5α，6α-triol （6）、ergosterol （7）、1-deoxy-2-demethylviridiol （8）、viridiol （9）、trichodermamides A （10）、chromone （11）、对-羟基苯乙酸（12）。抗肿瘤活性评价结果显示，化合物3 抑制MCF-7细胞增殖活性IC₅₀为（62.9±1.02）μmol·L^-1[顺铂（cisplatin，DDP） IC₅₀为（30.1±1.67）μmol·L^-1]；化合物8 和9 抑制A549细胞增殖活性的IC₅₀分别为（34.6±1.57）μmol·L^-1和（44.9±1.74）μmol·L^-1[DDP IC₅₀为（20.6±1.42）μmol·L^-1]。结论 化合物3 ，8 和9 具有潜在抗肿瘤活性。     

羊蹄化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性研究

从羊蹄乙醇提取物分离鉴定了2个萘类化合物、5个蒽醌类化合物及其他4个化合物。萘类为2-甲氧基-6-乙酰基-7-甲基胡桃醌（1）、3-乙酰基-2-甲基-1,4,5-三羟基-2,3-环氧萘醌醇（2）、蒽醌类为大黄素甲醚（3）、大黄素（4）、大黄酚-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（5）、大黄素-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（6）、大黄酚（7）,以及壬酸十五醇酯（8）、β-胡萝卜苷（9）、5-甲氧基-7-羟基-1（3H）-苯骈呋喃酮（10）和没食子酸（11）。化合物1、8~10为首次从羊蹄中分离得到,1、8为首次从酸模属植物中分离得到;体外细胞试验表明,化合物1对人肝癌HepG-2细胞、子宫癌Hela细胞、肺癌A549细胞具有较强的抑制作用,其IC₅₀分别为2、1.8、4.6 μmol·L^-1,化合物2对人肝癌细胞HepG-2的IC₅₀为100 μmol·L^-1。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究——ⅩⅩⅩⅦ.β-(5-硝基-4-溴-2-呋喃)-及β-(4,5-二溴-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺及其酯类的合成

本文报道β-(4,5-二溴-2-呋喃)-及β-(5-硝基-4-溴-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺及其酯类衍生物26个的合成。动物筛选结果表明;化合物Ⅲ₆,Ⅲ₈和Ⅲ₁₃对感染日本血吸虫小白鼠有明显的治疗作用。化合物Ⅱ₆有较明显的预防作用。     

2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-氧代-4H-色烯-3-基乙酸酯的晶体结构及旋光性

目的 探讨具有降血脂作用的黄酮醇衍生物2-（3,4-二甲氧基苯基）-4-氧代-4H-色烯-3-基乙酸酯（4）晶体结构及旋光性。方法 采用X射线单晶衍射技术获得绝对构型及SGW^®-1自动旋光仪测定化合物旋光性。结果 X射线单晶衍射表明化合物4属于正交晶系,P2₁2₁2₁空间群,晶胞参数a=7.763（2）Å,b=13.930（4）Å,c=14.906（4）Å,α=β=γ=90.00°,V=1 611.91（8）ų,Z=8;该晶态下分子间不存在氢键联系,分子以范德华力维系其在空间的稳定排列。从单晶数据可以看出,化合物4中二甲氧基取代的苯环相对于4H-色烯骨架有33.9（2）°扭转,推测可能存在旋光性;进一步的旋光实验结果证明该化合物具有左旋光性,比旋光度为[α]_D^19.1=-5.077°。结论 从单晶结果可知,由于化合物4中,二甲氧基取代的苯环相对于4H-色烯骨架有33.9（2）°扭转,形成手性,化合物具有旋光性。这类非黄酮苷类黄酮具有旋光性,未曾见报道。     

质谱导向的肾指海绵Reniochalina sp.中环肽类成分研究

目的 以质谱为导向对肾指海绵Reniochalina sp.中的环肽类成分进行研究。方法 采用质谱引导的程序性分离手段定向追踪并分离纯化海绵中的环肽类成分;通过理化常数测定、波谱数据比对确定化合物结构;利用CCK-8法对化合物进行初步细胞毒活性评价。结果 从肾指海绵Reniochalina sp.中分离获得3个环肽类化合物,分别鉴定为stylopeptide 1 (1)、hymenamide D (2)、axinastatin 2 (3)。化合物1对6种人肿瘤细胞株具有细胞毒性,IC₅₀值范围为6.09 ~ 17.26 μmol/L。结论 化合物1 ~ 3首次分离自Reniochalina属海绵,化合物1是细胞毒性环七肽。     

抗高血压药坎地沙坦酯的新合成方法

目的 合成抗高血压药坎地沙坦的前药坎地沙坦酯。方法 以三苯甲基坎地沙坦为起始原料, 经酯化、脱保护基得到1-氯乙基-2-乙氧基-3-[(2’-(1H-四氮唑-5-基)联苯基-4-基)甲基]-3H-苯并咪唑-4-酯,该中间体与环己基碳酸单酯反应得到candesartan cilexitil。结果与结论 总收率为42.1%,目标化合物的结构经核磁共振氢谱,质谱确证。     

Synthesis of specifically deuterated adenosine A1 antagonist: BG9928

BG9928, a high affinity adenosine A₁ antagonist, is currently in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of congestive heart failure. A deuterium-labeled version of the molecule was synthesized and used as a standard for in vivo pharmacokinetic and in vitro metabolism studies. The labeled form of 3-[4-(2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purin-8-yl)-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-1-yl]-propionic acid (BG9928) was obtained in a convergent manner by joining two major building blocks: the specifically labeled heterocycle 5,6-diamino-1,3-dipropyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione ( 4 ) and the hemiester 4-(2-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylic acid ( 10 ). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Copper(II) complexes with derivatives of pyrazole as potential antioxidant enzyme mimics

A series of six mononuclear Cu(II) complexes with pyrazole-based ligands: 5-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-3-methyl-1-(2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-phosphonic acid dimethyl ester (1a), 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-(2-pyridylo)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1b) and 1-benzothiazol-2-yl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (1c) were characterized regarding to electrochemical and antioxidant properties. All complexes exhibit suitable Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox potential (E _1/2) to act as antioxidant enzymes mimic. The five of these complexes were found to be trifunctional enzyme mimics possessing SOD, CAT and GPx-like catalytic activities. Moreover, Cu(II) complexes were capable to decrease ROS level in melanoma cells and observed effects were not merely a reflection of cytotoxicity.     

New dianthramide and cinnamic ester glucosides from the roots of Aconitum carmichaelii

Four new compounds N-salicyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid methyl ester (1), N-(2′-dehydroxysalicyl)-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid methyl ester (2), methyl-4-β-D-allopyranosyl-ferulate (3), and methyl-4-β-D-gulopyranosyl-cinnamate (4), along with six known compounds (5–10), were isolated from the roots of Aconitum carmichelii Debx. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data analysis, including 1D, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. Compounds 1 and 2 showed the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production with IC₅₀ values of 9.13 and 19.94 μM, respectively.     

Pyrrole alkaloids from Bolbostemma Paniculatum

Three pyrrole alkaloids were isolated from Bolbostemma paniculatum. Their structures were elucidated as 4-(2-formyl-5-methoxymethylpyrrol-1-yl)butyric acid methyl ester (1), 2-(2-formyl-5-methoxymethylpyrrol-1-yl)-3-phenylpropionic acid methyl ester (2) and α-methyl pyrrole ketone (3) by spectroscopic techniques. Among them, 1 and 2 are new compounds.     

Brominated polyunsaturated lipids with protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B inhibitory activity from Chinese marine sponge Xestospongia testudinaria

A new brominated polyunsaturated lipid, methyl (E,E)-14,14-dibromo-4,6,13-tetradecatrienoate (1), along with three known related analogues (2–4), were isolated from the Et₂O-soluble portion of the acetone extract of Chinese marine sponge Xestospongia testudinaria treated with diazomethane. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with literature data. Compound 3 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a key target for the treatment of type II diabetes and obesity, with an IC₅₀ value of 5.30 ± 0.61 μM, when compared to the positive control oleanolic acid (IC₅₀ = 2.39 ± 0.26 μM).     

Synthesis and biological activity studies of new hybrid molecules containing tryptamine moiety

The synthesis of N′-(4-substitutedphenylsulfonyl)-2-{4-[2-(1H-indol-yl)ethyl]-3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl}acetohydrazides (3a–c), 2-{4-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl}-N′-aryl methylidene acetohydrazides (4a–f) and 4-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-5-(4-substitutedbenzyl)-2-[(5-sulfanyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones (5a, b) was performed starting from the corresponding acid hydrazides (2a, b) which was reported earlier. The treatment of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (5a, b) with hydrazine hydrate produced 4-amino-5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl derivatives (6a, b). Then, compound 6b was converted to the corresponding Schiff base (7) by the treatment with anisaldehyde. The synthesis of 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-4-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-2-[(4-benzyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (8) and 5-(4-methylbenzyl)-4-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-2-[(4-benzyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (10) was carried out by the reaction of acid hydrazides (2a, b) with aryl iso(thio)cyanates either via the formation of the intermediates (9a, b) (for 10) or direct cyclization (for 8). 1,3-Oxa(thia)zol-2(3H)-ylidene]acetohydrazide derivatives (11a, b) were obtained by the reaction of 9a, b with 4-chlorophenacyl bromide. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities and some of which was found to be active against the test microorganisms.     

Tropane alkaloids from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Erythroxylum emarginatum</Emphasis>

A tropane alkaloid, anhydroecgonine methyl ester N-oxide (2), was isolated for the first time as a naturally occurring compound, with anhydroecgonine methyl ester (1) from the bark of Erythroxylum emarginatum. Compound 1 was also isolated from the twigs. Their structures were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic methods.     

Melanogenesis inhibitory compounds from Saussureae Radix

Ten compounds were isolated from the EtOAc soluble part of the MeOH extract of Saussureae Radix, with their effects on melanin production also evaluated in B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines stimulated with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), an elevator of cellular cAMP. The compounds were identified as aplotaxene (1), 1β-hydroxy arbusculin A (2), costunolide (3), dehydrocostuslactone (4), 11β,13-dihydrocostunolide (5), reynosin (6), heptadec-(9Z)-enoic acid (7), β-sitosterol (8), linoleic acid methyl ester (9) and betulinic acid methyl ester (10). Compounds 2, 9 and 10 were identified from Saussureae Radix for the first time. Furthermore, compounds 2, 3 and 6 showed potent inhibitory effects on the IBMX-induced melanogenesis, in dose-dependent manners, with IC₅₀ values of 11, 3 and 2.5 μg/mL, respectively. As a positive control, arbutin exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 29 μg/mL.     

Synthesis and antiviral activity of new 4-(phenylamino)/4-[(methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acids derivatives

The synthesis of new 4-(phenylamino)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (3a-l) derivatives and the new 4-[(methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (5a–c) derivatives was achieved with an efficient synthetic route. Ethyl 4-chloro-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate (1) on fusion with appropriate substituted anilines or aminopicolines gave the required new ethyl 4-(phenylamino)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylates (2a–l) (52–82%) or new ethyl 4-[(methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylates (4a–c) (50–60%), respectively. Subsequent hydrolysis of the esters afforded the corresponding carboxylic acids (3a–l) (86–93%) and (5a–c) in high yield (80–93%). Inhibitory effects of 4-(phenylamino)/4-[(methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-carboxylic acids. Derivatives on Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Mayaro virus (MAY) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were investigated. Compounds 2d, 3f, 3a, and 3c exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-1, MAY, and VSV virus with EC₅₀ values of 6.8, 2.2, 4.8, 0.52, 2.5, and 1.0. None of these compounds showed toxicity for Vero cells.