Liver resection for neoplasm

Major hepatic resections can now be performed with much greater safety than formerly. This is largely a consequence of improved surgical and anesthetic techniques, which have in turn resulted from better understanding of the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of the liver. The treatment of liver tumours by resection must be reappraised in the light of these advances. This paper reports twelve patients who have undergone major hepatic resection for neoplasm at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital over a ten-year period. The current indications for such surgery in the treatment of benign and malignant liver tumours are reviewed, and the results discussed.     

Laparoscopic colorectal resection: a safe option for elderly patients

BACKGROUND: Open colorectal surgery in the elderly has been associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. The favorable short-term outcomes of laparosocopic colorectal resection might reduce the morbidity in elderly patients. This study compares results of elderly patients (aged 70 and above) who underwent laparoscopic colorectal resection with those having open surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Consecutive patients aged 70 and above who had elective colorectal resection from June 2000 to December 2001 were included. Data concerning demographics, diseases, details of operations, and postoperative events were collected prospectively. Comparisons between results of laparoscopic surgery and open surgery were made. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients had laparoscopic colectomy and 89 had open surgery during the study period. Median ages were 77 years and 75 years in the open and laparoscopic groups, respectively. Presence of premorbid medical conditions, American Society of Anesthesiology score, and incidence of previous surgery were similar in the two groups. Median operative time was longer (180 minutes versus 135 minutes, p < 0.001), but blood loss was less (100 mL versus 200 mL, p = 0.001) in the laparoscopic group. Conversion to open surgery occurred in eight patients. One patient died in the laparoscopic group and five died in the open group. Laparoscopic resection was associated with earlier return of bowel function (3 days versus 4 days, p = 0.004), earlier resumption of solid diet (3 days versus 5 days, p < 0.001), shorter hospital stay (7 days versus 9 days, p = 0.001), and less cardiopulmonary morbidity (7.7% versus 22.4%, p = 0.033) when compared with open colorectal resection. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic colorectal resection is a safe option for elderly patients and is associated with more favorable short-term outcomes in terms of earlier return of bowel function, earlier resumption of diet, and shorter hospital stay. It is also associated with less cardiopulmonary morbidity, which is an important complication after colorectal surgery in the elderly.     

4450例结直肠肿瘤分布特征及其对结直肠癌筛查的意义

目的 研究人群中结直肠肿瘤的分布特征,并探讨其对结直肠癌筛查工作的指导意义.方法 对南京中医药大学第三附属医院全国肛肠医疗中心2004年10月至2009年6月进行的17 939例结肠镜检查结果进行回顾性研究,观察结直肠肿瘤的性别、年龄及部位分布特征.结果 共诊断结直肠肿瘤4450例（24.8%）,其中结直肠息肉3410例（19.0%）,结直肠腺癌1040例（5.8%）.肿瘤检出率男性明显高于女性（P＜0.01）.结直肠肿瘤检出率从40岁开始明显增加（P＜0.01）,并随年龄的增长逐渐上升.结直肠肿瘤分布以远端结肠（直肠、乙状结肠）为主,占63.3%,近端结肠占36.7%.其中息肉局限于远端结肠者1802例（52.8%）、局限于近端结肠者1049例（30.8%）、同时位于近、远端结肠者559例（16.4%）.癌肿位于远端结肠者921例（88.6%）,位于近端结肠者118例（11.3%）,同时位于近、远端结肠1例（0.1%）.结论 乙状结肠镜检查不足以对全结肠肿瘤进行筛查,采用全结肠镜检查进行结直肠癌的筛查更具优势.     

4450例结直肠肿瘤分布特征及其对结直肠癌筛查的意义

目的 研究人群中结直肠肿瘤的分布特征,并探讨其对结直肠癌筛查工作的指导意义.方法 对南京中医药大学第三附属医院全国肛肠医疗中心2004年10月至2009年6月进行的17 939例结肠镜检查结果进行回顾性研究,观察结直肠肿瘤的性别、年龄及部位分布特征.结果 共诊断结直肠肿瘤4450例(24.8%),其中结直肠息肉3410例(19.0%),结直肠腺癌1040例(5.8%).肿瘤检出率男性明显高于女性(P＜0.01).结直肠肿瘤检出率从40岁开始明显增加(P＜0.01),并随年龄的增长逐渐上升.结直肠肿瘤分布以远端结肠(直肠、乙状结肠)为主,占63.3%,近端结肠占36.7%.其中息肉局限于远端结肠者1802例(52.8%)、局限于近端结肠者1049例(30.8%)、同时位于近、远端结肠者559例(16.4%).癌肿位于远端结肠者921例(88.6%),位于近端结肠者118例(11.3%),同时位于近、远端结肠1例(0.1%).结论 乙状结肠镜检查不足以对全结肠肿瘤进行筛查,采用全结肠镜检查进行结直肠癌的筛查更具优势.     

Early outcomes of 100 patients with laparoscopic resection for rectal neoplasm

Background Laparoscopic resection has been shown to be a feasible option in patients with colorectal diseases. However, there have been only a few studies on laparoscopic resection for rectal neoplasm. This report aimed to evaluate the early outcomes of patients treated by laparoscopic rectal resection for neoplasm. Methods From May 2000 to April 2003, 100 patients underwent laparoscopic resection for rectal neoplasm with mesorectal excision. Data on the patients' demographics, operative details, and outcomes were collected prospectively. In those with successful laparoscopic resection, comparison was made between patients with predominantly intracorporeal surgery (ICS) and those with anterior resection performed with extracorporeal rectal transection and anastomosis following intracor-poreal bowel mobilization and vessel ligation (IECS). Results Sixty-six men and 34 women (median age, 69 years; range, 40–85) were included. Operations included 91 anterior resections, eight abdominoperineal resections, and one Hartmann's procedure. Conversion was required in 15 patients and no conversion was needed in patients treated by laparoscopic abdomino-perineal resection. One patient died 30 days after surgery because of liver failure. Postoperative complications occurred in 31 patients. Among them, three had anastomotic leakage and all of them could be treated conservatively. Reoperation was required in one patient with intestinal obstruction. Patients with conversion were found to have significantly more blood loss, longer time to resume diet, a longer hospital stay, and a higher morbidity rate when compared to those with successful laparoscopic surgery. Among those with successful laparoscopic procedures, no difference was observed between patients with ICS (n=57) and those with IECS (n=28), except that a shorter incision and less blood loss were found in patients in the former group. Conclusions Laparoscopic rectal resection with mesorectal dissection is feasible. The operating mortality and reoperation rates were low. Conversion was associated with an increased morbidity rate, leading to a longer hospital stay. Laparoscopically assisted anterior resection with rectal transection by a transverse stapler through the abdominal incision produced similar results when compared to a procedure that was predominantly intracorporeally performed     

Value of a risk questionnaire in screening for colorectal neoplasm

The value of a postal questionnaire and of Hemoccult II (Smith Klein Diagnostic Inc., Sunnyvale, California, USA) testing in screening for colorectal neoplasms was compared. In the questionnaire, the subjects were asked about previous treatment for colorectal neoplasm and rectal bleeding during the previous 6 months, specified as to type. All participants were asked to perform Hemoccult II blood testing over 3 days. Of 13,759 randomly selected subjects 9040 (66 per cent) performed the test and returned the questionnaire. Three hundred and fifty-four subjects with a positive Hemoccult II test and/or a proven previous colorectal neoplasm had a full assessment including double-contrast enema and rectosigmoidoscopy to 60 cm. Eighteen carcinomas and 61 adenomas were thus diagnosed. The population was followed for from 20 to 29 months, during which time rescreening was undertaken. An additional 34 subjects with carcinomas and 90 with adenomas were identified during this period. A significant correlation between the presence of a colorectal neoplasm and a previous history of colorectal neoplasm, a positive Hemoccult II and a previous history of bright red bleeding but not dark bleeding was found. The possibility of diagnosing a neoplasm was two, four and 19 times higher in a subject with a previous history of bleeding, a history of colorectal neoplasm, or a positive Hemoccult II respectively. Screening by faecal occult blood testing, therefore, at the moment seems to be the best and only practicable method.     

Reconstruction after resection of a large sacral neoplasm

The gluteus maximus musculocutaneous flap is a useful flap for sacral reconstruction. Many variations have been described. The flap can be raised simply, quickly and with minimal blood loss. This flap was used for closure of a large defect of the sacrum in a 44-year-old woman with an advanced neoplasia of the sacrum. The surgery, performed in a third world country, required a procedure which was unlikely to fail. The technique and the results are presented.     

National outcomes after gastric resection for neoplasm

HYPOTHESIS: That factors affecting outcomes of surgical resection in the treatment of gastric cancer can be identified using a large US database. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2003. PATIENTS: We included 13 354 patient discharges (approximately 66 096 nationally by weighted analysis) who underwent gastric resection for neoplasm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: In-hospital mortality. Univariate analyses were performed by means of chi(2) tests. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine which variables were independently predictive of in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: During the study period, 50 738 patients (approximately 250 420 nationally) were discharged with the diagnosis of gastric neoplasm. Of those, 13 354 (26.3%) underwent gastric resection during their hospitalization. In-hospital mortality for patients undergoing surgery was 6.0%, without significant change from 1998 through 2003. Factors predictive of significantly increased in-hospital mortality included low annual hospital surgical volume (lowest [or= 11 gastrectomies per year], 6.8% vs 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.8]), older patient age (50-69 vs <50 years, 4.0% vs 2.1%; adjusted OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2) (>or =70 vs <50 years, 8.6% vs 2.1%; adjusted OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.0-4.3), male sex (male vs female, 6.7% vs 5.0%; adjusted OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5), and procedure type (total gastrectomy vs all other resections, 8.0% vs 5.3%; adjusted OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.7). CONCLUSIONS: Higher annual surgical volume is predictive of lower in-hospital mortality for patients undergoing gastric resection for neoplasm. Other factors significantly associated with superior outcomes after gastric resection included diagnosis type, procedure type, younger age, female sex, and fewer comorbid conditions.     

老年患者腔镜与开放甲状腺肿瘤摘除术的对照研究

目的:对比分析为老年患者施行腔镜与开放甲状腺肿瘤手术的临床疗效及应用价值.方法:将112例老年甲状腺肿瘤患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组56例,治疗组行腔镜微创切除术.对照组行传统开放手术.对比分析两组手术时间、术中失血量、术后引流量、住院时间、住院期间费用、手术疗效、切口美容评分、并发症发生率等.结果:治疗组手术时间...     

Redefining contraindications to laparoscopic colorectal resection for high-risk patients

Background  Patients with major comorbidities often are denied laparoscopic colorectal resections because they are thought to be at too “high risk.” Paradoxically, these patients generally have the most to gain from a minimally invasive surgical approach. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic colorectal resection to determine whether it is contraindicated for “high-risk” patients. Methods  From August 1996 to February 2004, 368 consecutive patients (95 men) undergoing a laparoscopic colorectal procedure by a single surgeon were prospectively studied with regard to pre-, peri-, and postoperative events. High-risk patients (n = 190) were defined as elderly (age, >80 years; n = 28), morbidly obese (body mass index [BMI], >30 kg/m²; n = 55), American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) 3 or 4 (n = 130), and recipients of preoperative radiotherapy (n = 54). Multiple risk factors were found for 67 patients, 7 of whom had three risk factors. The median age of the patients was 66 years (range, 19–92 years). The diagnoses included rectal cancer (n = 48), diverticulitis (n = 43), colon cancer (n = 34), benign polyp (n = 26), and other (n = 39). The following procedures were performed: colon resection (n = 114; left, 63; right, 41; total abdominal colectomy, 10), rectal resection (low anterior resection or pouch) (n = 49), coloanal anastomosis (n = 23), and other (n = 4). Data regarding intent to treat, operative events, morbidity, mortality, and outcomes were analyzed and form the basis of this report. Results  No mortalities occurred. The major morbidity rate was 2%. There were no anastomotic leaks. The cases were laparoscopically performed (94%) or laparoscopically assisted, or were converted to open procedure (3%). The median estimated blood loss was 200 ml, and only 5% required perioperative transfusion. The perioperative course involved the following median periods: 2 days until flatus, 3 days until bowel movement, 1 day until clear liquid diet, 3 days until a regular diet, and 5 days until hospital discharge. Conclusion  In experienced hands, laparoscopic colorectal resection can be performed safely for “high-risk” surgical patients. The better than expected outcomes in this patient population reinforce the benefits of minimally invasive surgery for this patient group and argues against using parameters of increased age, morbid obesity, high ASA class, or preoperative radiation alone as contraindications to even complex laparoscopic colorectal procedures.     

十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除体会

目的 探讨十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除的可行性.方法 回顾性分析我院2000年1月至2007年1月8例十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除的资料.结果 切口感染1例,无胰漏,胆漏等并发症发生;随访2～5年无复发.结论 局部切除对于十二指肠乳头腺瘤或早期十二指肠乳头腺癌是一种切实可行的方法.     

腹腔镜腹膜后肿瘤切除术的临床应用

目的总结应用腹腔镜行腹膜后肿瘤切除术的经验。方法2002年11月至2004年12月,应用腹腔镜行腹膜后肿瘤切除术7例。肿块最小4.5 cm×3.0 cm×2.0 cm,最大12 cm×10 cm×10 cm。病理诊断混合性囊腺瘤和成熟囊性畸胎瘤各2例,腹膜后囊肿、神经鞘瘤和平滑肌瘤各1例。结果手术均获得成功,手术时间平均为120m in,术中失血平均95mL,术后38h内胃肠道恢复蠕动,术后住院时间平均4d,无并发症。随访6~33个月无复发。结论腹腔镜腹膜后肿瘤切除术具有微创、安全等优点,尤其适用于囊性或体积较小的良性腹膜后肿瘤。     

Reconstruction of the trachea after resection for neoplasm

Sixty-three patients with primary tracheal tumors were seen in a 15-year period. The most common lesion was squamous-cell carcinoma, the next most common lesion was adenoid cystic carcinoma, and the remaining lesions were a variety of malignant and benign lesions. There were 3 carcinoid tumors in the group. Twenty-four cylindrical resections of the trachea, 2 lateral resections of the trachea, and 10 carinal reconstructions were performed. The balance of the patients seen in this period of time were not amenable to single-stage reconstruction and were managed by staged procedures, by irradiation, or by no treatment at all. Twenty-eight of the patients in the group with resections had primary tumors and 8 had secondary tumors. Secondary tumors included carcinoma of the thyroid, carcinoma of the esophagus, and recurrent carcinoid tumor in the left main bronchus. Although the numbers in any group are small and the period of follow-up not very long, indications are that surgical removal of squamous-cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea, usually with adjunctive irradiation, provides good palliation or the possibility of cure. Resection of benign primary tumors and low-grade malignant tumors resulted in excellent palliation and usually cure. Resection of selected secondary tumors did not offer much prospect for cure but did provide long-term palliation.     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal epithelial neoplasm

Background  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), a new widely accepted method for treating early gastric cancer, was developed to increase the en bloc rate, especially for lesions larger than 20 mm in diameter. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESD for colorectal epithelial neoplasms. Methods  From July 2006 to December 2007, ESD was indicated for patients with colorectal epithelial neoplasms larger than 20 mm in diameter. The rates of curative en bloc resection, the procedure time, and the incidence of complications were investigated. Results  A total of 74 colorectal epithelial neoplasms were resected by ESD. The mean diameter of these lesions was 32.6 mm (range, 20–85 mm). The rate of en bloc resection was 93.2% (69/74), and the mean ESD procedure time was 110 min (range, 80–185 min). None of patients had massive hemorrhage during ESD, and only one patient (1.4%) bled 8 days after ESD. Six patients experienced perforation, and all except one recovered after several days of conservative treatment. The patient who did not recover underwent urgent surgery. The perforation rate was 8.1% (6/74). All the patients were followed up. Healing of the artificial ulcer was confirmed, and with no lesion residue or recurrence was found. Conclusions  The findings show ESD to be effective for colorectal epithelial neoplasm, making it possible to resect the whole lesion in one piece and to provide precise histologic information.     

腹腔镜结直肠手术的临床应用

目的总结腹腔镜结直肠手术的临床应用经验. 方法运用腹腔镜技术,按开放手术原则治疗结直肠癌32例,其中右半结肠切除术2例,乙状结肠切除术2例,直肠癌行直肠前切除术(Dixon术式)19例,Miles术式9例. 结果 31例手术成功,1例上段直肠癌因侵及膀胱后壁中转开腹手术.手术时间110～210 min,平均160 min.术中出血量40～300 ml,平均150 ml.术后1～3 d肠蠕动恢复,平均1.6 d.无术后出血、吻合口漏、尿潴留等并发症,2例术后性功能障碍.术后住院5～8 d,平均7 d.随访32例,时间1～18个月,平均6个月,1例腹腔内广泛转移. 结论腹腔镜结直肠手术安全可行.严格掌握手术适应证、熟练的腹腔镜手术技术和丰富的开腹结直肠手术经验是完成此类手术的关键.     

腹腔镜辅助下结直肠肿瘤手术的临床应用

目的　探讨腹腔镜外科技术在结直肠肿瘤手术的应用。　方法　 1999年 7月至 2 0 0 0年 11月应用腹腔镜技术治疗结直肠肿瘤 2 8例。年龄 (33～ 89)岁 ,平均 6 5 .4岁。其中右半结肠切除术 3例 ,降结肠腺瘤切除术 1例 ,乙状结肠直肠前切除 2 1例 ,腹会阴联合手术 3例。　结果　中转开腹手术 5例 ,无手术并发症 ,无手术死亡发生。腹腔镜手术 2 3例 ,手术时间 (15 0～ 30 0 )分钟 ,平均 178分钟 ,术中出血 30ml～ 10 0 0ml,平均 135ml。 5例中转手术原因 :Ducks分期C期 3例 ,D期 1例 ,另 1例因全宫手术粘连、解剖不清。 2 2例恶性肿瘤随访 5～ 2 0月 ,仅一例低位直肠癌术后 12个月盆腔局部复发。trocar穿刺部位及小切口部位无肿瘤复发。　结论　 腹腔镜辅助下结直肠肿瘤手术损伤小 ,恢复快 ,胃肠干扰少 ,在达到肿瘤根治的前提下 ,只要严格掌握手术适应证 ,正确运用腹腔镜技术就能完成此类手术。     

Papillary endothelial hyperplasia presenting as a chest wall neoplasm

Soft tissue hematomas generally resolve but may persist and develop into slow-growing, organized masses. These chronic expanding hematomas are characterized by a pseudocapsule and a predominantly necrotic central cavity, with foci of newly formed capillaries. These have been called chronic expanding hematomas or Masson's papillary endothelial hyperplasia. These lesions can mimic vascular neoplasms and must be considered in the evaluation of expanding soft tissue vascular malformations.