复方阿苯达唑驱除肠道线虫的现场观察

目的：观察复方阿苯达唑（每片含阿苯达唑６７ｍｇ和噻嘧啶８３．３ｍｇ基质）的驱虫效果。方法：对成人钩虫感染者１８６４例、蛔虫感染者１５６８例和鞭虫感染者１７８５例及儿童蛲虫感染者３７３例，随机分组，比较服用单剂复方阿苯达唑３片或２片与单剂阿苯达唑４００ｍｇ或噻嘧啶３０ｍｇ（含基质１０ｍｇ）／ｋｇ的驱虫效果和副作用。结果：成人复方阿苯达唑３片和２片的虫卵阴转率，钩虫分别为６５．０％和５２．７％（Ｐ＜０．０１），蛔虫均为１００％，鞭虫分别为２６．５％和１９．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。３片的驱钩虫效果显著优于阿苯达唑和噻嘧啶组（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。２片的驱钩虫效果亦优于噻嘧啶（Ｐ＜０．０１），与阿苯达唑无显著性差异，但驱鞭虫效果低于阿苯达唑。２－６岁儿童服复方阿苯达唑１．５片的，蛲虫卵阴转率为１００％，显著优于噻嘧啶（Ｐ＜０．０１）。复方阿苯达唑的驱虫作用快速，副作用轻，对血象、肝肾功能和心电图无显著影响。结论：复方阿苯达唑具有阿苯达唑和噻嘧啶两药的协同作用。     

日本血吸虫病与肠线虫病联合化疗的效果

血吸虫病人合并感染肠线虫者(A组)采取;吡喹酮40mg/kg加阿苯达唑200mg和复方甲苯咪唑400mg(尚含左旋咪唑100mg)分2d顿服,1个半月后血吸虫阴转率88.0％,蛔虫、鞭虫和钩虫阴转率分别为77.4％、23.6％及100.0％。对不合并血吸虫病的肠线虫病患者采取两种联合化疗方案:B组—阿苯达唑200mg和复方甲苯咪唑200mg(尚含左旋咪唑50mg)顿服,蛔虫、鞭虫和钩虫的阴转率分别为66.7％、18.8％和62.5％,较A组结果稍低;C组—阿苯达唑100mg和噻嘧啶900mg顿服的驱虫效果差,蛔虫和鞭虫的阴转率分别为50.0％及11.1％。3种驱虫方案对血吸虫和蛔虫的减卵率可达97.0％～99.9％;对钩虫的减卵率达68.9％～100％;对鞭虫的效果差。相应增加药物的剂量及改进服法,当可提高疗效。     

伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用驱除肠道线虫感染的效果观察

目的 观察伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用治疗肠道线虫感染的效果。方法 采用国产伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑(6mg+200mg)(14岁以下儿童剂量减半)分别治疗蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染者,同时用阿苯达唑400mg治疗钩虫、鞭虫感染者、用伊维菌素12mg治疗钩虫、蛲虫感染者作为对照。结果 伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑治疗蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染者的虫卵阴转率分别为100.00％(30/30)、86.67％(26/30)、88.24％(30/34)和97.62％(41/42);阿苯达唑对照组钩虫和鞭虫的虫卵阴转率分别为70.58％(24/34)和47.06％(16/34),伊维菌素对照治疗组钩虫、蛲虫虫卵阴转率分别为46.15％(12/26)和57.14％(16/28)。伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑的不良反应发生率低而轻,对血象、肝肾功能和心电图无明显影响。结论 国产伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑治疗钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染效果显著,对鞭虫疗效明显优于阿苯达唑,对钩虫、蛲虫疗效明显优于伊维菌素,并且有排虫快、不良反应少而轻等优点。     

伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用治疗钩虫、鞭虫感染的疗效观察

目的观察伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用驱治钩虫和鞭虫感染的疗效。方法用伊维菌素6mg和12mg分别伍用阿苯达唑200mg顿服治疗钩虫感染者，伊维菌素12mg伍用阿苯达唑200mg顿服治疗鞭虫感染者；同时，用阿苯达唑400mg顿服分别治疗钩虫和鞭虫感染者。用虫卵阴转率评价疗效。结果6mg和12mg伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑治疗钩虫感染者，其虫卵阴转率分别为93．3％和95．5％，12mg伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑治疗鞭虫感染者，其虫卯阴转率为94．3%；而单用阿苯达唑治疗钩虫和鞭虫感染者，其虫卵阴转率分别为66．7％和47．1%。结论伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用驱治钩虫和鞭虫感染的效果良好，两药有协同作用，而不良反应轻微、短暂。     

伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用驱除肠道线虫感染的效果观察

目的 观察伊维菌素和阿苯达唑伍用治疗肠道线虫感染的效果。方法 采用国产伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑(6mg 200mg)(14岁以下儿童剂量减半)分别治疗蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染者，同时用阿苯达唑400mg治疗钩虫、鞭虫感染者、用伊维菌素12mg治疗钩虫、蛲虫感染者作为对照。结果 伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑治疗蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染者的虫卵阴转率分别为100．00％(30／30)、86．67％(26／30)、88．24％(30／34)和97．62％(41／42)；阿苯达唑对照组钩虫和鞭虫的虫卵阴转率分别为70．58％(24／34)和47．06％(16／34)，伊维菌素对照治疗组钩虫、蛲虫虫卵阴转率分别为46．15％(12／26)和57．14％(16／28)。伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑的不良反应发生率低而轻，对血象、肝肾功能和心电图无明显影响。结论 国产伊维菌素伍用阿苯达唑治疗钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染效果显著，对鞭虫疗效明显优于阿苯达唑，对钩虫、蛲虫疗效明显优于伊维菌素，并且有排虫快、不良反应少而轻等优点。     

新药三苯双脒治疗蛔虫、鞭虫和蛲虫感染的临床观察

为观察三苯双脒(Tribendimidine)治疗蛔虫、鞭虫和蛲虫感染的效果及副作用,对成人蛔虫感染者和鞭虫感染者随机分组,比较服用单剂三苯双脒300mg和单剂阿苯达唑400 mg驱除蛔虫的效果;比较用单剂三苯双脒400mg,每日一次,连服3天和阿苯达唑同样剂量和疗程驱除鞭虫的效果;对儿童蛲虫感染者(6～8岁)用单剂三苯双脒200 mg和阿苯达唑200 mg顿服的驱虫效果进行比较.结果表明:成人服用三苯双脒300mg驱蛔虫的虫卵阴转率为97.43%,阿苯达唑为98.91%,两者无显著性差异;三苯双脒驱鞭虫的虫卵阴转率为33.33%,阿苯达唑为56.09%.三苯双脒200 mg驱蛲虫的虫卵阴转率为81.57%,阿苯达唑为92.23%.三苯双脒驱虫作用迅速,副作用轻,对血象、肝、肾功能和心电图无明显影响.认为三苯双脒具有广谱、安全、快速驱肠道线虫新药.     

阿苯达唑、噻嘧啶治疗肠道线虫及控制钩虫感染回升的效果

采用阿苯达唑400mg/d×3d、400mg/d×5d和噻嘧啶1500mg/d×3d、1500mg/d×5d治疗肠道线虫感染者720例。治后半月检查,钩虫卵阴转率分别为98.6、98.6、86.2和93.5％;蛔虫卵阴转率分别为96.5、98.2、92.9和96.3％;鞭虫卵阴转率分别为86.4、89.0、68.9和67.0％。钩虫卵减少率均在98.0％以上。治后半年复查,各组钩虫阳性率均有不同程度回升,虫种由治前美洲钩虫为主,转为十二指肠钩虫为主。结果显示,回升的原因主要是十二指肠钩虫引起,而阿苯达唑400mg/d×3d和400ms/d×5d控制钩虫感染回升有明显作用。     

不同剂量阿苯达唑和甲苯咪唑对土源性线虫感染疗效的随机对照试验

目的观察单倍、三倍剂量阿苯达唑和甲苯咪唑治疗土源性线虫感染的效果。方法采用随机对照试验,对314位调查对象随机分为阿苯达唑(400mg)、甲苯咪唑(500mg)、三倍阿苯达唑(400mg,3d)、三倍甲苯咪唑(500mg,3d)等4组,对各药物组治疗蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫和绦虫感染的疗效进行观察,计算治愈率和粪样虫卵下降率。结果阿苯达唑治疗钩虫的疗效优于甲苯咪唑,两药单倍剂量对钩虫的治愈率分别为69.1%和31.0%,三倍剂量组治愈率分别为92.0%和54。0%,虫卵下降率单倍剂量组为97.3%和83.6%,三倍剂量组为99.7%和96.4%。控制鞭虫感染,三倍剂量疗效优于单倍剂量。两驱虫药物单倍或三倍剂量对蛔虫感染疗效显著(治愈率在93.0%～96.8%之间,虫卵下降率均大于99.9%)。三倍剂量对绦虫感染的治愈率为100%,而单倍剂量仅为50%。结论治疗钩虫和鞭虫感染,三倍剂量方案可获得较高的治愈率。     

阿苯达唑和甲苯达唑在减轻肠道线虫感染中的功效

随着阿苯达唑和甲苯达唑在驱肠道线虫中的广泛应用,有关药物抗性的问题已渐渐引起人们的关注。作者通过对既往研究的比较分析,观察上述3种药物对蛔虫、鞭虫和钩虫的作用。以治愈率(CR)和减卵率(ERR)作为药物疗效的判断指标。结果发现:用WHO推荐的治疗剂量,阿苯达唑和甲苯达唑驱蛔虫的效果都很好,平均CR为95％—97％、ERR为99％—100％,且不同治疗剂量对疗效影响不大。但若用于驱鞭虫和钩虫,疗效降     

双萘羟酸羟嘧啶-噻嘧啶加甲苯咪唑单剂治疗肠道线虫感染

本文作者用双萘羟酸羟嘧啶-噻嘧啶(oxantel-pyrantel pamoate)加甲苯咪唑单剂疗法对112例肠道线虫(蛔虫、鞭虫与钩虫)感染者进行了疗效研究。112例中,男性45例、女性67例;平均年龄10岁(2～38岁),其中,100例为12岁以下儿童。双萘羟酸羟嘧啶-噻嘧啶是由双萘羟酸羟嘧啶(基质50mg/ml)与双萘羟酸噻嘧啶(基质50mg/ml)组成。每例患者给予糖浆剂型的双萘羟酸羟嘧啶-噻嘧啶10mg/kg,同时加服1片100mg的甲     

Evaluation of albendazole, pyrantel, bephenium, pyrantel-praziquantel and pyrantel-bephenium for single-dose mass treatment of necatoriasis

An effective drug for single-dose mass treatment of necatoriasis was sought by testing three drugs and two drug combinations in Ethiopian immigrants to Israel found to have light infections. The drugs tested sequentially in single-doses were pyrantel pamoate (20 mg kg-1, 81 subjects); bephenium hydroxynaphthoate (2.5-5 g, 65 subjects); combined pyrantel and bephenium (25 subjects); combined pyrantel (20 mg kg-1) and praziquantel (40 mg kg-1) (16 subjects); and albendazole (400 mg, 77 subjects). Follow-up under conditions without likelihood of reinfection was by one stool examination. Cure rates with albendazole, pyrantel-bephenium and pyrantel-praziquantel were 84, 80 and 81% respectively; these rates were significantly higher than the 49% found for bephenium and the 51% for pyrantel (P less than 0.05). Egg reductions in those not cured were pyrantel (22%), bephenium (6%), pyrantel-bephenium (34%), pyrantel-praziquantel (3%) and albendazole (6%). Albendazole was the most promising single drug treatment; unexpected was the high effectiveness of pyrantel-praziquantel in combination.     

Current status of the efficacy and effectiveness of albendazole and mebendazole for the treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides in North-Western Indonesia

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of albendazole and mebendazole in the treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides) in the North-Western Indonesia.Methods229 primary school children who were positive for A. lumbricoides in their stool were recruited in the study. 123 children received single-dose of 400 mg albendazole and 106 children received single-dose 500 mg of mebendazole. After 1 week, their stools were examined for the cure rate (CR) and egg reduction rate (ERR). Egg culture was also performed and observation was made on week?1, ?3, ?4.Resultshave shown a non-significant difference in CR 96.7% vs. 100% and ERR of 99.3% vs. 100.0% for albendazole and mebendazole groups respectively (P>0.05). In-vitro egg culture has shown trends of decrease in the percentage of the unfertilized eggs and in ? 2 cell eggs in both treatment groups (P<0.05). The embryonated eggs from the albendazole groups has shown an increase from 7.3% on week-1 to 13.8% on week-4, whilst the mebendazole group has shown a constant increase during the whole 4 weeks of culture from 7.5% to 28.3% (P<0.01).ConclusionsNo evidence of drug resistance is noted so far from the area of North-Western part of Indonesia. In addition, although both drugs showed incomplete ovicidal effects, single-dose albendazole is better than mebendazole in sterilizing A. lumbricoides eggs.     

4种药物单用或联用治疗大鼠华支睾吸虫感染的实验研究

目的观察三苯双脒(TBD)、青蒿琥酯(AS)、阿苯达唑(ABZ)、甲苯咪唑(MBZ)单用或联用治疗感染华支睾吸虫大鼠的疗效。方法 140只大鼠各感染华支睾吸虫囊蚴100个,于感染后第5周开始分组治疗,均采用灌胃给药。感染大鼠随机分为药物治疗组同批感染对照组(每组5～10只),将TBD、AS、ABZ与MBZ分别按照高、低剂量单剂用药和两两配伍给药,顿服,观察疗效。治疗后10d处死大鼠,解剖,收集胆管和肝组织内的华支睾吸虫,计算平均虫数和减虫率,对相应组间的平均虫数进行单因素方差分析。结果感染华支睾吸虫大鼠用75mg/kg体重TBD、MBZ、ABZ单剂治疗后,平均减虫率分别为98.04%、100%和86.67%,30mg/kg体重AS治疗后减虫率为87.25%;当给药剂量均降低1/3时,上述各药物治疗组的平均减虫率分别降至78.3%、46.02%、31.94%和62.07%。50mg/kg体重TBD分别与50mg/kg体重MBZ、ABZ配伍用组平均减虫率为98.43%和100%,检虫数与75mg/kg体重TBD、MBZ、ABZ单用药组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。20mg/kg体重AS分别与50mg/kg体重ABZ、50mg/kg体重MBZ配伍用,平均减虫率为89.22%和97.55%,检虫数与75mg/kg体重ABZ、MBZ,30mg/kg体重AS单用药组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论联合用药可降低给药剂量,并具有增效作用,50mg/kg体重TBD分别与50mg/kg体重MBZ、ABI配伍用对治疗大鼠华支睾吸虫病疗效较好。     

Low efficacy of mebendazole against hookworm in Vietnam: two randomized controlled trials

Vietnam is participating in a global de-worming effort that aims to treat 650 million school children regularly by 2010. The treatment used in Vietnam is single dose oral mebendazole (Phardazone) 500 mg. We tested the efficacy of single dose mebendazole 500 mg in the therapy of hookworm infection in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among 271 Vietnamese schoolchildren. The treatment efficacy of single dose mebendazole in children did not differ significantly from placebo, with a reduction in mean eggs per gram of feces relative to placebo of 31% (95% CI -9 to 56%, P = 0.1). In light of these findings we then carried out a similar randomized trial comparing triple dose mebendazole, single dose albendazole, and triple dose albendazole against placebo in 209 adults in the same area. The estimated reduction in mean post-treatment eggs per gram of feces relative to placebo was 63% (95% CI 30-81%) for triple mebendazole, 75% (47-88%) for single albendazole, and 88% (58-97%) for triple albendazole. Our results suggest that single dose oral mebendazole has low efficacy against hookworm infection in Vietnam, and that it should be replaced by albendazole. These findings are of major public health relevance given the opportunity costs of treating entire populations with ineffective therapies. We recommend that efficacy of anti-helminth therapies is pilot tested before implementation of national gut worm control programs.     

Determination of the minmum effective dosages of praziquantel, albendazole, and mebendazole against Clonorchis sinensis infection in rats

In order to determine the minimum effective dosages of praziquantel, albendazole, and mebendazole against Clonorchis sinensis infection in Sprague-Dawley rats, each rat was infected with 30 metacercariae and treated with one of three drugs. The rats were killed and examined 25 days after praziquantel treatment or 11 days after albendazole or mebendazole treatment. The minimum effective dosages were a single dose of praziquantel 375 mg/kg, albendazole 150 mg/kg, and mebendazole 150 mg/kg. Trials are required to determine whether these dosages are useful in the treatment of human clonorchiasis.     

Effectiveness of various anthelmintics in the treatment of moniliformiasis in experimentally infected Wistar rats

Humans occasionally become infected with acanthocephalans, particularly Moniliformis moniliformis. Although several anthelmintics have been used, no controlled studies have been conducted to assess the efficacy of common anthelmintics in the treatment of moniliformiasis. The effectiveness of pyrantel pamoate, ivermectin, praziquantel, niclosamide, thiabendazole, and mebendazole was evaluated in the treatment of moniliformiasis in laboratory-infected female Wistar rats. Pyrantel pamoate and ivermectin were wholly unsuccessful in the treatment of moniliformiasis. A single dose of thiabendazole lead to a 40% reduction and two doses lead to a 57% reduction of worm burden after 2 weeks. The most effective drug in the treatment of moniliformiasis in rats was mebendazole, for which two doses resulted in a 69% reduction in worm burden after 2 weeks; however, 50% of the rats receiving the treatment died within 2 weeks after first administration of the drug. Two surviving rats that had been treated with mebendazole exhibited evidence of hepatic dysfunction characterized by extremely elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase in conjuction with depressed serum albumin levels. It is hypothesized that Mo. moniliformis may metabolize the drug and release a metabolite that is highly toxic to the host. On the basis of these data, thiabendazole is recommended as the drug of choice for the treatment of human acanthocephaliasis until more extensive testing can be conducted.