Prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension and analysis on its relative factors in 1002 cases over 80 years old in retirement centers for army officers

Nowadays, despite the high prevalence of hypertension, the awareness rate and control rate of this disease are still very low. In addition, the prevalence of hypertension in old population is very high, and most of cases are isolated systolic hypertension （ISH）. We investigated people ranging in age from 80 to 99 years in 28 cadre retirement centers in Beijing to study the prevalence and incidence of target organ injury and analyze the relative factors of ISH.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down‘s syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down‘s syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Use of video-assisted thoracoscope in 121 cases of cardiac surgery

Objective: To sum up 121 cases of heart disease operations with the help of thoracoscope from May to August in 2000. Among these cases, 48 cases were atrial septal defect (ASD) ; the average age of patients is 20±10 years old; average weight is (43±16) kg. 67 patients with ventricular septal defects (VSD) , average age13±9 years old; one male patient, 44 years old with Ebstein malformation; one female patient (21 years old) partial atrioventricu-lar canal combined with cor triatriatum; one male (21 years old) with ruptared aneuryem of aortic sinus. 3 cases(all females ) with mitral stenosis combined with mitral valve incompetence. One male patient (aged 16) with pericardiun effusion after trauma. Methods: During operations, a patient with supine position, and his/her right shoulder was padded 30°higher. Tracheal cannula was inserted and air was piped in with high frequency jet ventilation. Three mini tho-racotomies with a diameter of 2 to 3 cm were made in the 4th intercostals space of the right par     

THE STATUS OF ERUPFION AND CARIES OF THE FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR IN CHILDHOOD

The first molar will play a key role in the formation of permanent dentition and also is easy to be caries. In this series, 7968 cases 4-6 yrs old children are investigated and the eruption and caries of first molar are analysed. The results are as follows: The eruption rate of first molar in 7968 cases 4-6 yrs old children is 22.13%. The mean number of molar erupted is 0.55+1.17. Both are in very signiflicant sexual difference. The eruption in girls is earlier than that in boys. The eruption rates are 1.01% in 4 yrs old group and 59.00% in 6 yrs old group. In the per centage of the molar erupted, (?) is 66.26% with symmetrical rate 69.31%, 6 is 33.74% with symmetrical rate 33.24%. The incidence rate of caries in 1763 cases 4-6 yrs old children with first molar erupted is 1.76% with dft 0.02±0.15. The dft in cases of caries is 1.26±0.63. There are two molars with caries of Degree IV in 5 yrs old group. The eruption and caries of the first molar in childhood are analysed. The importance of prevention dnd treatment of first permanent molar in childhood is indicated.     

Giant juvenile fibroadenoma associated with dysplasia on the underdeveloped breast

To the editor：Fibroadenomas are very common breast benign tumor in women who are in period of reproductive age.Generally speaking,fibroadenomas that measure 〉5 cm in size or exceeding 500g in weight are commonly classified as giant fibroadenomas.When these enlarged masses are found in young female patients,they are often called giant juvenile fibroadenomas.1 Giant juvenile fibroadenomas is very rare in patient with fibroadenomas,especially in underdeveloped breast.Here we report a case of giant juvenile fibroadenoma associated with dysplasia on the underdeveloped breast.     

Management of the occlusion and stenosis of the aortic arch branches in the course of Takayasu’s arteritis

Takayasu＇s arteritis （TA） is a chronic inflammatory disease of the aorta and its thoracic and abdominalparts, most commonly involving the aortic arch and the arteries that arise from it. TA is an autoimmune disease, although certain HLA-linked genetic predispositions have been observed. TA affects females 2 to 8 times more fi＇equently than males. The onset age is between 10 to 40 years old.1 TA is extremely uncommon in Poland. Corticosteroids are the choice of treatment for TA,     

Assisted Reproductive Technology and Relates Clinical Factors

As a widely-applied clinical therapy for infertility and sterility, ART has its own merits compared to other techniques and operations; however, the outcome of ART is influenced by various factors ranging from age, endometrial receptivity, reproductive system condition (e.g. uterus, fallopian tube and pelvic factors, etc.), immune system and so on. From our clinical experience and the literatures reviewd, it is strongly recommended that the situation of every infertile couple be evaluated thoroughly before applying therapy.AgeMore and more attention was paid to the relationship between advanced female reproductive age (or old age) and ART. The decrease of female fecundity began in the 30's, becoming more pronounced after 40. There is an approximately 50% decrease in the fecundity rate of woman attempting pregnancy at the age of 40 or over compared with younger women, and a twofold to threefold increase in the rate of spontaneous abortions. In addition to the pelvic organ diseases and endocrine disorders, the main cause of ART failure is the aging of oocyte and granulosa cell, and then is the reduction of endometrium receptivity, which may be related to the blood flow of uterus. Ovarian reserve tests, e.g. the basal level of FSH, E2, and inhibin, FSH/LH ratio and real-time stimulation test (e.g. CC, GnH or GnRH test), should be done in women who are more than 35 years old; and transvaginal sonography (TVS) should also be done to evaluate the ovarian volume, follicular development, blood flow, etc. Some authors suggest that the basal level of FSH is more effective in prospecting the rate of cycle canceling and pregnancy in IVF program than age.Increasing age of patient is associated with poor ovarian response, as represented by smaller ovarian volume, lower antral follicle count, and poor stromal vascularity. Three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography can help to individualize IVF in patients regardless of age.     

Teaching and Learning Oral English in Classroom

Oral English is very important for an English learner for the purpose of communication.In order to deal with reaching and loaming oral English,many factors should be considered.For instance,the differenr age groups and levels of leamers may affeer motivarion.     

Old age security in rural China: there is a long way to go

Objective We aimed to examine the current developments and challenges confronted by old age security in rural China. Data sources This study is based on the data from PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley, EBSCO, EMBASE, SCI Expanded, ProQuest, Google, and CNKI which is the most informative database in Chinese. Study selection Articles were selected with the search terms ＂rural＂, ＂China＂, ＂old＂, ＂older＂, or ＂elder＂, ＂elderly＂, or ＂aged＂, ＂aging＂, ＂security＂, ＂culture＂, ＂value＂, ＂medical insurance＂ or ＂community based medical insurance＂ or ＂cooperative medical scheme＂. Related websites and yearbooks were searched as well. Results The socio-economic development has made the burden of traditional care for the rural elderly heavier than ever, and new challenges are emerging in rural communities, such as poor economic, deteriorating natural environment and health crisis. Conclusions The governments should improve the scale and caliber of rural old age security and strengthen regulations with areat efforts in develoDina the rural economv and Drotectina the natural environment of rural communities.     

Secretory breast carcinoma in a 10 years old boy

1 Introduction
Secretory breast carcinoma（SBC） is a rare（〈 1%） type of breast carcinoma,which was initially termed ＂Juvenile breast cancer＂ by McDivitt and Stewart,based on the fact that the average age of the 7 patients described in their report was 9 years old with a range of 3 to 15 years.     

Warm Needling and Blood Letting for Treatment of Gonitis

Gonitis is a common disorder in the middle-aged and the old people,frequently encountered inthe acupuncture department.The following is a briefsummary of the 37 cases treated in 1997-1999 when Iwas dispatched as a member of foreign aid to work inMaltaClinical DataIn this series of 37 patients,there were 13males and 24 females,ranging in age from 39-76(avg.56.8) years.The right knee was affected in 13     

Surgical treatment of nonfunction pituitary adenomas in old patients

Objective To assess the safety and effectiveness of transsphenoidal microsurgery on nonfunction pituitary adenomas in old patients. Methods 42 patients with nonfunction pituitary adenomas undergone transsphenoidal microsurgical therapy. Results There were 30 cases of macrodaenomas and 12 giant adenomas. Total resection was achieved in 27 cases, partial in 5 cases. No surgical mortality. During a follow up period of months to 5 years, tumor June 2003 Vol12 No2 disappeared in 20 cases, the residuary tumor was stable in 7 cases. Conclusion Transsphenoidal microsurgery is a safe and effective method for treatment of nonfunction pituitary adenomas in old patients. Peri-operative management is very important. 6 refs.     

EFFECTS OF ACUPUNCTURE ON PAIN THRESHOLD AND PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE LEVEL AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE DAY

It is held by traditional Chinese medi-cine that human body is an organismadapting to the environment very well in thenature,and the circulation of“Qi”and“Blood”inside the human body is in har-mony with the outside world.The tradition-     

Acceptability of an acupuncture intervention for geriatric chronic pain： an open pilot study

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the acceptability and effectiveness of acupuncture for persistent musculoskeletal pain in the elderly and assessed the conditions for a future controlled trial. METHODS: A total of 60 patients, hospitalized in a geriatric hospital were enrolled. The intervention consisted of eight acupuncture sessions. The main outcome was the patient’s participation rate. Regarding pain, the evaluation was based on pre- and post-treatment variations. As a high proportion of the patients had cognitive impairment, the behavioral pain scale DOLOPLUS-2 was chosen although self evaluation was used wherever possible. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 83 years. The acceptance rate was very high (89.6%) and 90% of the patients completed the entire course of treatment. After five weeks, the mean DOLOPLUS score had decreased significantly (P<0.01). The patients reported improved sleep quality and a reduction in their anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, caregivers noticed a decrease in patient aggressiveness making care easier. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that acupuncture is highly acceptable and could be very useful in the management of chronic pain when performed in very old frail people with chronic physical and mental disability.     

Oinical study on thymomas and thymomas with myasthenia gravis

Objective To present the clinical experience in treating thymomas and thymomas with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods Between 1975 to 1997,285 patients with thymoma were surgically treated. 168 cases of thymus tumor (TT,Group Ⅰ ) were compared to 90 cases of thymus tumor with myasthenia gravis (TTMG, Group Ⅱ ). Results In group Ⅰ , the average age was 38. 4 years, the youngest was 4 years old. In 93. 4%, the diameter of tumors was 5 cm. 61. 2% were in stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ of clinical pathology. In group Ⅱ ,the average age was 46.2 with the youngest of 20 years old,the diameter of tumor under 3 cm and 5 cm was 34.6 % and 65.6 % . 55.2 % was in stage Ⅰ of clinical pathology. Conclusion Many cases of thymoma in early stage received early treatment. The diagnostic standard of thymoma in early stage is: (1) the diameter of tumor is below 3 cm. (2) In stage I of clinical pathology. The clinical characteristics of TTMG are: short history, the rapid progress, serious MG symptoms,and the high incidence of thymus-     

Cutaneous Malignancies Presenting as Superficial Ulcers

Epidermal skin cancers are the most common cancers in humans. Epidermal skin cancers present a unique opportunity for effective intervention with both early detection and primary prevention. They are amenable to clinical diagnosis by simple visual inspection and to pathologic diagnosis by minimally invasive biopsy. Our objective is to show that the cutaneous malignancies are common in our environment and frequently present as superficial ulcer. This is a 4-year retrospective histopathological analysis of cutaneous malignancies diagnosed between January 2006 and December 2009 in the Department of Pathology, Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nasarawa State. The specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed in paraffin wax and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The slides were studied and the lesions were characterized by two consultant pathologists who were blinded and they agreed on the diagnosis. Twenty-one cases were reviewed in this analysis. The age range was between 20-79 years old with the mean age of 59.5 years old. The male to female ratio was 1.1：1. The peak age of distribution was in the fourth decade. In this review, the most common malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma; followed by malignant melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. The lower extremity was the commonest site with 11 （52.2%） cases; this was followed by the head and neck region with 7 （33.1%） cases, while one （4.7%） case with each presented in the anterior chest wall, elbow and at an unspecified site. Cutaneous malignancies are common in our environment; and the early sign is that of chronic non-healing ulcer. So there is need for high index of suspicion on the part of the Clinicians and Pathologists. Early identification of high-risk lesions can allow for more rapid therapeutic intervention, reducing the likelihood of metastasis and death.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Superficial Pain by Subcutaneous Needling

Subcutaneous needling is an old art of the“twelve needling methods”in TCM for treatingarthralgia due to cold or disorders in the superficialtissues.Some cases are effectively treated asintroduced below.     

Pancytopenia after repeated radioiodine treatment on metastatic thyroid cancer to bone.

The protocol and evaluation of I therapy have already been established, and it is quite effective in general for patients with metastatic thyroid cancer under 40 years old with fine or occult type of pulmonary metastases (papillary adenocarcinoma). However, the response of bone metastasis to I therapy is limited to only a part of tumors and is temporary in most cases although high I accumulation is visualized on scintigram. We have encountered a 65-year-old man with thyroid cancer. At the age of 61, follicular thyroid cancer with multiple bone metastasis was diagnosed, total thyroidectomy was carried out, and subsequently I therapy was performed. Bone pain diminished     

ADVANCES IN TCM TREATMENT OF SENILE DEMENTIA

Senile dementia is a chronic progressivedisease of mental deterioration. It correspondsto“idiocy”,“melancholia”or“epilepsy”inTCM. The pathogeneses, and symptoms andsigns of this disease are very complicated,     

NEWS

BIFIDOBACTERIUM GROWTH FACTOR (BGF): A KIND OF NATURAL OLIGOSACCHARIDE The symbiotic and pathogenic bacterium groups living in human enteron have both the function of health-maintenance and pathogenicity. The test-positive rate and content of bifidobacterium in a gram of excrements are closely related with the foodstuff components, age, state of health and various illnesses. Bifidobacterium is the most important beneficial bacterium group to health. The species and types of bifidobacterium existing in enteron are variant with the host individuals. It is known that bifidobacterium is very valuable to health-mainte-