二氢卟吩e6和5-氨基酮戊酸对恶性黑素瘤裸鼠移植瘤的PDT疗效观察

目的 在恶性黑素瘤动物模型上观察二氢卟吩e6(Ce6)和5-氨基酮戊酸(5-ALA)的光动力学治疗(PDT)效应.方法 于裸鼠的右后肢腋下注射A-375恶性黑素瘤细胞悬液0.1 ml(约2×106个细胞),接种部位出现黄白色结节表明动物模型建立成功.共有27只荷瘤裸鼠接受半导体激光(波长652 nm)照射,每部位光照剂量均为100 J/cm2.实验裸鼠照射前分别用10% 5-ALA外敷肿瘤部位2 h、Ce6腹腔内给药(7.5 mg/kg)1 h或5-ALA外敷联合Ce6腹腔内注射进行处理.1周后处死裸鼠,观察各组织器官肿瘤转移情况,剥离肿瘤组织并称量,将各裸鼠的瘤体、肝、脾、肺、肾做组织病理学检查.结果 各治疗组肿瘤重量与对照组之间均有显著性差异(P＜0.01),而各治疗组之间组间比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).组织病理学检查显示PDT后1周肿瘤部位出现干燥、结痂、组织坏死,镜下见细胞坏死、崩解、皮下血栓、细胞轮廓模糊.各治疗组中发现有肿瘤转移情况.结论 动物实验表明应用Ce6和5-ALA产生的PDT效应能有效杀伤恶性黑素瘤,但不能抑制恶性黑素瘤的转移.     

5-ALA光动力疗法对裸鼠人上皮性卵巢癌移植瘤生长的抑制作用

目的 探究5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-ALA)光动力疗法(PDT)对裸鼠人上皮性卵巢癌移植瘤生长的抑制作用。方法 建立裸鼠人上皮性卵巢癌皮下移植瘤模型,分为模型组、5-ALA瘤注组、5-ALA静注组、PDT组、5-ALA瘤注-PDT组、5-ALA静注-PDT组,10只/组。模型组、PDT组给予瘤内注射无菌生理盐水溶液,5-ALA瘤注组、5-ALA瘤注-PDT组给予瘤内注射5-ALA(40 mg/kg)生理盐水溶液,5-ALA静注组、5-ALA静注-PDT组给予尾静脉注射5-ALA(40 mg/kg)生理盐水溶液。1 h避光后,PDT组、5-ALA瘤注-PDT组、5-ALA静注-PDT组用630 nm激光治疗仪局部照射瘤体治疗20 min,每隔2天各组治疗1次,共5次。治疗完成后,安乐处死各组小鼠,肿瘤组织HE染色,测量瘤体体积,采用TUNEL染色法检测肿瘤细胞凋亡率,采用实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测组织cleaved Caspase-3、Bcl-2与Bax的mRNA表达水平,采用Western blot检测组织cleaved Caspase-3、Bcl-2与Bax蛋白表达水平,计算各...     

光敏剂BCPD-17和PSD007对小鼠骨肉瘤的光动力作用

目的：观察630及 670 nm激光激发不同剂量的光敏剂BCPD-17和PSD-007对小鼠皮下移植骨肉瘤的光动力效应,并对两者进行比较,为筛选光动力疗法（PDT）治疗骨肉瘤的新药提供实验数据。方法：C3H小鼠60只,左侧腰骶部接种LM-8小鼠骨肉瘤细胞,待皮下瘤块直径约6～8　mm时,随机分成空白对照组及PDT治疗组。治疗组分为PSD-007组(5 mg•kg^-1,用波长630 nm激光照射)和BCPD-17组;BCPD-17组分设5和10 mg•kg-¹ 2个剂量组,分别用波长630 nm或670 nm激光照射。小鼠尾静脉注射光敏剂后6 h垂直瘤区行激光照射,功率密度200 mW•cm-2、能量密度240　J•cm^-2、照射时间20　min、光斑1.0　cm。照射7　d后测量肿瘤大小,取瘤体称重计算肿瘤抑制率,并行病理检查。结果：病理组织学观察,对照组小鼠骨肉瘤细胞大而深染,核异型明显;PDT治疗组肿瘤细胞出现坏死,细胞内空泡变性,核固缩,BCPD-17组更明显。PDT治疗组小鼠骨肉瘤的肿瘤质量及体积均明显减少,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。在670nm激光照射后,BCPD-17各组的肿瘤抑制率均高于PSD-007组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论：光敏剂BCPD-17和PSD-007对小鼠LM-8骨肉瘤细胞有明确的抑制作用,光敏剂BCPD-17光动力效果更显著。     

5-ALA治疗和hTERT mRNA的反义寡核苷酸联合应用对人卵巢癌细胞的杀伤作用及其机制

目的：观察5-氨基乙酰丙酸（5-ALA）光动力治疗（PDT）和人端粒酶催化亚单位 (hTERT) mRNA的反义寡核苷酸（ASODN)联合应用对人卵巢癌3AO细胞的增殖抑制及促凋亡作用,探讨两种方法联合应用协同促进对人卵巢癌3AO细胞的杀伤作用机制。方法：采用MTT法筛选不同浓度5-ALA 和激光能量照射对人卵巢癌3AO细胞增殖抑制作用的最佳组合参数; RT-PCR法检测hTERT ASODN和SODN转染后hTERT mRNA表达水平的变化。将人卵巢癌3AO细胞分为空白
对照组、hTERT ASODN转染组、hTERT SODN转染组、5-ALA PDT组、hTERT ASODN转染+5-ALA PDT组和hTERT SODN转染+5-ALA PDT组,应用MTT法检测各组人卵巢癌3AO细胞增殖抑制率;应用膜联蛋白V-硫氰酸荧光素(AnnexinV-FITC)/碘化丙啶(PI)双染色结合流式细胞术检测
各组人卵巢癌3AO细胞凋亡率。结果：5-ALA PDT对人卵巢癌3AO细胞的增殖抑制作用随着光敏剂浓度的增加和激光能量的增大而增加(P<0.05);不同浓度hTERT ASODN转染人卵巢癌3AO细胞24 h后,hTERT mRNA表达水平呈浓度依赖性下调(P<0.05),而hTERT-SODN对人卵巢癌3AO细胞hTERT mRNA表达无显著影响(P>0.05)。hTERT ASODN转染+5-ALA PDT (5-ALA浓度为0.5 mmol•L-1,激光能量密度为2.50 J•cm-2)组人卵巢癌3AO细胞的增殖抑制率高于5-ALA PDT组和hTERT ASODN组(P<0.05)。hTERT ASODN转染+5-ALA PDT组人卵巢癌3AO细胞的凋亡率为29.28％,显著高于hTERT ASODN 转染组（12.79％）和5-ALA PDT组（21.19％)(P<0.05）。结论：hTERT ASODN转染与5-ALA PDT联合治疗可协同增强对人卵巢癌3AO细胞的增殖抑制作用,其机制可能与联合作用促进细胞凋亡有关联。     

5-氨基乙酰丙酸光动力对两株人鼻咽癌细胞杀伤效应的对比研究

目的 探讨5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-aminolevulinic acid,5-ALA)先动力学效应(photodynamic therapy,PDT)对体外培养人鼻咽癌细胞株CNE2和C666-1的生物学作用.方法 对体外培养的CNE2和C666-1分别加入不同浓度的5-ALA(0.01,0.05,0.1,0.25,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 mmol/L)孵育4 h,予波长为630 nm的半导体激光进行照射,照射的功率密度为20 mW/cm2,照射能量密度分别为2,5,10,20 J/cm2,继续孵育24 h,用四唑盐(MTT)比色法测定细胞存活率.结果 5-ALA-PDT能有效地杀伤体外培养的人鼻咽癌CNE2和C666-1细胞,其杀伤作用大小与5-ALA的浓度和激光剂量呈正相关(P＜0.01).激光能量为20 J/cm2,5-ALA的浓度为2.5 mmol/L或2.0 mmol/L时,其杀伤CNE2,C666-1细胞的作用最明显;5-ALA-PDT对CNE2和C666-1的半数杀伤度(IC50)分别为0.14,0.32 mmol/L,两者间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).相同5-ALA浓度、激光剂量条件下,C666-1细胞存活率显著高于CNE2(P＜0.05).结论 5-ALA-PDT对CNE2和C666-1细胞均有杀伤作用,但C666-1细胞对5-ALA-PDT的敏感性低于CNE2.     

不同浓度5-ALA与不同激光辐照剂量介导的光动力学疗法对大肠癌细胞的体外杀伤作用

目的:探讨不同浓度的5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-ALA)及不同激光辐照剂量介导的光动力学疗法(PDT)对人大肠癌细胞株LOVO的体外杀伤作用.方法:取对数生长期的LOVO细胞加入不同浓度的5-ALA,随之以相同剂量的激光辐照,并设阴性对照及空白对照;另取对数生长期的LOVO细胞,施以1.0 mmol/L 5-ALA及不同剂量的激光辐照,并设阴性对照与空白对照.均用MTT法测定细胞存活率.结果:在相同的辐照强度下,5-ALA的浓度在0.25～2.0 mmol/L时,细胞存活率随5-ALA浓度的增加而降低 (F=259.36, P＜0.001);但5-ALA的浓度在2.0～4.0 mmol/L时,细胞存活率无明显差异(P＞0.05).在5-ALA的浓度为1.0 mmol/L时,随辐照剂量增加细胞存活率逐渐降低(F=222.25,P＜0.000 1).而单用5-ALA或单纯激光辐照,细胞几乎无死亡.结论:5-ALA介导的PDT对大肠癌细胞有确切的杀伤作用.在一定浓度范围内,其杀伤作用随着5-ALA浓度的递增而增加,该作用存在浓度饱和现象.杀伤力与激光辐照剂量成正比.     

氩离子与染料激光对大鼠可移植性肝癌光敏杀伤效果的实验研究

血卟啉衍生物(HPD)可较长时间潴留于恶性肿瘤组织中,经一定波长和强度的激光照射,可使肿瘤组织发生光敏反应而变性坏死,这种方法称为光动力学疗法(PDT)。它已用于临床治疗某些恶性肿瘤。PDT的光源多选用630nm的红色激光,也有用488～514.5nm的蓝绿色激光。本文用显微图象分     

微针对5- 氨基酮戊酸经皮渗透的作用研究

目的 研究微针作用于鲜红斑痣鸡冠模型后,5- 氨基酮戊酸（5-ALA）代谢产生的原卟啉IX（PpIX）在鸡冠组织中含量变化,观察是否可增强5-ALA 渗透。方法 以鸡冠为模型,分为5-ALA 组和微针联合5-ALA 组,5-ALA 组鸡冠直接涂抹5-ALA,微针联合ALA 组用皮肤滚针滚磨鸡冠后涂抹5-ALA,均以未处理侧为自身对照,荧光分光光度计测定5-ALA 在鸡冠组织中合成PpIX 的情况,倒置荧光相差显微镜观察PpIX 在鸡冠组织中的分布。结果 在鸡冠组织内,5-ALA 吸收后产生的PpIX 量随时间逐渐增加,3 h出现明显聚集,4 h 达到高峰,6 h 后明显减少,微针联合5-ALA 组PpIX 含量高于单纯5-ALA 组,且荧光强度下降更慢,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。冷冻切片显示PpIX 弥漫性分布于表皮层和真皮血管组织中,微针联合5-ALA 组荧光强度高于5-ALA 组。结论 微针作用可促进5-ALA 渗透,为临床更好的使用光敏剂5-ALA 提供了实验依据。     

青蒿琥酯增敏对宫颈癌HeLa细胞裸鼠移植瘤凋亡的影响

目的探讨青蒿琥酯增敏对宫颈癌HeLa细胞裸鼠移植瘤凋亡的影响。方法建立裸鼠移植瘤模型,待移植瘤体积平均增至大约（5 mm×5 mm×5 mm）,将裸鼠随机分为对照组、单药组、单照组和联合组,单药组和联合组每只裸鼠给予青蒿琥酯100 mg.kg^-1.d^-1,对照组和单照组每只裸鼠给予等体积生理盐水,处理7 d,第7 d给药后单照组和联合组立即给予一次性^60Coγ射线10Gy照射,照后观察14 d,14 d后剥瘤,TUNEL法检测移植瘤组织中细胞的凋亡。结果联合组裸鼠移植瘤瘤质量较单照组明显减小[（0.64±0.11）g vs（1.31±0.58）g]（P〈0.05）,抑瘤率达71.17%。联合组移植瘤组织中细胞凋亡数较单照组显著增大[（77.5±8.07）vs（48.80±6.71）]（P〈0.05）。结论青蒿琥酯能明显增加HeLa细胞裸鼠移植瘤对射线的放射敏感性,作用机制与其增强射线诱导移植瘤组织中细胞凋亡有关。     

酞菁锌介导的光动力学疗法对骨髓净化的实验研究

目的 研究酞菁锌光敏剂(ZnPcS2P2)介导的光动力学疗法(PDT)对模拟慢性粒细胞白血病缓解骨髓的净化作用。方法 采用荧光分光光度法检测K562细胞及正常细胞内的光敏剂含量。锥虫蓝拒染法、MTT比色法、克隆形成实验检测不同浓度ZnPcS2P2介导的PDT对K562细胞增殖能力的影响。正常混合集落形成细胞(CFU-Mix)、粒一单核系造血祖细胞(CFU-GM)、红系祖细胞(CFu-E)等集落形成实验检测ZnPcS2P2 PDT对正常造血祖细胞的影响。巢式PCR方法检测酞菁锌介导的：PDT作用前后混有不同比例K562细胞的骨髓细胞的bcr-abl mRNA表达。结果 (1)与ZnPcS2P2共孵育5h,K562细胞与骨髓正常单个核细胞(MNC)内的ZnPcS2P2含量分别为10．1、2．2(ng／5x10^5细胞),二者比值达到最高值。(2)0．25μg／ml ZnPcS2P2孵育5h后,用670nm激光以53mW／cm^2的功率密度、2．1J／cm^2的能量密度照射对K562细胞集落形成的抑制率为91．1％,而对正常CFU-Mix、CFU-GM、CFU-E等集落形成的抑制率分别为18．0％、18．6％、17．8％。(3)0．25μg／ml ZnPcS2P2介导的PDT可完全杀灭按1：100至1：1000比例混入骨髓正常MNC中的K562细胞。结论 ZnPcS2P2介导的PDT能选择性杀伤K562细胞,有希望成为新的高效而简便的慢性粒细胞白血病骨髓净化手段。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.