左主干闭塞所致急性心肌梗死的心电图特点

目的分析急性左主干(LM)闭塞的常规心电图(ECG)表现,总结其ECG特点。方法1999年1月至2004年8月,10例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经急诊冠状动脉造影证实为急性LM闭塞(LM组),回顾性分析其急诊ECG表现。并选取同时期30例经急诊造影证实为左前降支(LAD)近段闭塞的AMI患者(LAD组),比较两组造影前的急诊ECG表现,以求总结急性LM闭塞的常规ECG特点。结果LM组心率快于LAD组,在心律失常发生率方面两组差异无统计学意义。LM组中9例患者存在aVR导联ST段抬高(≥0·05mV),发生率明显高于LAD组(分别为90%和36·7%,P=0·002),同时LM组aVR导联ST段抬高幅度亦明显大于LAD组。而LM组胸前导联V1-3的ST段抬高程度则明显低于LAD组。aVR导联ST段抬高>0·05mV诊断急性LM闭塞的敏感性为90%,特异性为63·3%。如果同时再满足V1 V2 V3导联ST段抬高程度<0·5mV,其诊断急性LM闭塞的敏感性为90%,特异性达到86·7%。结论aVR导联ST段抬高>0·05mV,同时伴有V1~V3导联ST段抬高不明显、甚至压低是急性LM闭塞区别于LAD闭塞的ECG特点,结合临床表现,分析ECG特点可能有助于造影术前预测此类患者和风险评价。     

冠状动脉前降支闭塞致急性心肌梗死的心电图ST段偏移特点分析

目的探讨冠状动脉前降支(LAD)单支闭塞所致急性心肌梗死(AMI)的心电图(ECG)特点。方法回顾性分析51例LAD急性闭塞所致AMI患者心电图ST段改变与冠状动脉造影结果。结果 V_2导联ST段抬高<0.2 mV预测LAD远段闭塞敏感度为52.9%,特异度为88.2%,在胸导联ST段抬高的情况下,特异度增高(96.2%)。V_6导联ST段压低预测LAD近段闭塞敏感度为26.5%,特异度100%,在胸导联ST段抬高的情况下,V_1导联ST段抬高≥0.2 mV预测LAD近段闭塞敏感度53.8%,特异度88.9%。下壁导联Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF ST段压低预测LAD近段闭塞特异度较高,Ⅲ、aVF导联组合较Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联组合判断LAD近段闭塞特异度及阳性预测值高。结论 V_1导联ST段抬高、V_6导联ST段压低、下壁导联ST段压低有助于判断LAD近段闭塞,V_2导联ST段抬高<0.2 mV有助于判断LAD远段闭塞。     

心电图STaVR与STV1抬高的差值对鉴别冠状动脉左主干与左前降支急性闭塞的价值

目的 :探讨应用体表心电图STaVR与STV1 抬高的差值 (STaVR-STV1 )能否准确鉴别冠状动脉左主干(LM)与左前降支 (LAD)急性闭塞。方法 :5 0例急性前壁心肌梗死患者〔其中LM闭塞 15例 (LM组 ) ,LAD 6段闭塞 35例 (LAD组 )〕 ,对其心电图和冠状动脉造影资料进行对比分析。以 2 0例无心肌梗死且冠状动脉造影正常的患者作为正常对照。结果 :①正常对照组aVR导联和V1导联ST段无明显抬高 ;LM组aVR导联ST段抬高程度显著大于LAD组〔(0 .15± 0 .12 )∶(0 .0 4± 0 .0 8) ,P <0 .0 5〕 ,V1导联ST段抬高程度显著小于LAD组〔(0 .0 0± 0 .19)∶(0 .15± 0 .10 ) ,P <0 .0 5〕 ,两者的差值 (STaVR-STV1 )在两组间差异有显著性意义〔(0 .15±0 .2 3)∶(- 0 .10± 0 .12 ) ,P <0 .0 1〕 ;②LM组aVR导联ST段抬高的比率显著大于LAD组 (86 .7%∶4 2 .9% ,P<0 .0 5 ) ,V1导联ST段抬高的比率显著小于LAD组 (4 0 .0 %∶71.4 % ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,STaVR-STV1 ≥ 0的比率在两组间差异有显著性意义 (80 %∶2 0 % ,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :体表心电图STaVR-STV1 ≥ 0是判断急性前壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关动脉及闭塞位置的新指标。     

左主干病变导致急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的诊治体会

目的:总结左主干狭窄或闭塞导致急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(AMI)患者的临床特点,并提出其早期诊断和治疗体会.方法:复习我院2年内246例AMI急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的临床资料,其中7例梗死相关血管为左主干,均为男性,年龄36～83岁,所有患者无论是否存在心源性休克,均立即行主动脉内球囊反搏术,并在其支持下尽早接受急诊造影检查.结果:7例患者心电图均存在aVR导联ST段抬高(≥0.05 mV),5例患者同时存在V1 -V6导联ST段抬高及新出现完全右束支传导阻滞,其中4例入院时即存在严重心源性休克,6例急诊置入支架,另1例仅行球囊扩张,并接受急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术,住院期间死亡3例(42.9％),存活患者4例均完成1年随访.其中2例于1月随访时对其LAD进行PCI,1例于3月随访时进行了LAD和LCX的冠状动脉旁路移植术.结论:左主干急性闭塞或严重狭窄所致的AM I患者急性期病死率高;根据心电图和临床特点早期识别梗死部位,早期评估,并且无论是否出现低血压或心源性休克早期行主动脉内球囊反搏术,并在其支持下尽早再灌注治疗,加强术后监护,提高随访质量,可以挽救部分患者的生命和改善预后.     

急性左主干闭塞心电图1例分析并文献复习

急性左主干闭塞是临床上较常见的心血管急危重症，掌握其心电图特征，有利于快速、准确地识别高危患者，选择合适的治疗方案。根据2011年ESC NSTE-ACS患者管理指南，可以通过典型心电图改变早期识别发现左主干病变，主要表现为aVR导联ST段抬高＞0.1 mV。此外，急性左主干闭塞病变心电图的早期诊断可能具备以下三个特征之一：①Ⅰ、Ⅱ、V4～V6导联ST段压低伴aVR导联ST段抬高；②发病后12 h内心电图同时有aVR和V1导联ST段抬高且抬高程度aVR＞V1导联（ST aVR↑＞ST V1↑）；③Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段压低＋aVR导联ST段抬高。     

aVR导联对急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管判断的价值

目的探讨心电图(ECG)对急性下壁心肌梗死(MI)患者梗死相关血管(IRA)判断的价值。方法选择2002年7月～2004年12月的急性下壁MI患者90例,回顾性分析其症状发作后24h内ECG改变。结果90例中,IRA为右冠状动脉(RCA)者70例,为左回旋支(LCX者)20例;Ⅰ导联ST段抬高和(或)V1和V2导联ST段压低提示IRA在LCX,而ST段抬高Ⅲ导联大于Ⅱ导联和(或)导联V4RST段抬高≥0.5mm提示IRA在RCA;aVR导联ST段压低≥1mm判断IRA为LCX,其敏感性为70.0%,特异性为94.3%。结论Ⅰ导联ST段抬高、ST段抬高Ⅲ导联>Ⅱ导联、导联V4RST段抬高≥0.5mm、V1和V2导联ST段抬高或压低以及aVR导联ST段压低等5项标准可用于判断急性下壁MI患者的IRA,而aVR导联ST段压低为一项新的标准。     

aVR导联ST抬高对急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死者左主干或三支血管病变的预测

目的研究急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTE-AMI)者aVR导联抬高幅度,与冠状动脉造影(CAG)对比,判断其对左主干/三支病变(LM/3VD)诊断的指导作用。方法对比106例aVR导联ST段抬高程度,结合CAG结果,研讨诊断LM/3VD的敏感性、特异性及相关性。结果 aVR导联ST段抬高是LM/3VD的独立预测因子(P<0.01),aVR导联ST段抬高≥0.5mm预测LM/3VD的敏感性及特异性分别为76%、86%。ST段抬高≥1.0mm预测LM/3VD的敏感性及特异性分别为43%、96%,ST段抬高≥1.5mm预测LM/3VD的敏感性及特异性分别为18%、99%。结论 aVR导联ST段抬高是NSTE-AMI者LM/3VD非常有用的预测因子,特异性好。     

aVR导联ST段抬高在预测非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者预后中的价值

目的探讨aVR导联ST段抬高在预测首次非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者短期预后中的价值。方法分析426例非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者入院心电图。结果aVR导联无ST段抬高(n=281)、抬高0.05~0.1mV(n=68)和抬高≥0.1mV(n=77)患者的住院死亡率分别是1.8%、7.4%和15.6%。调整基线预测因子和入院时ST段压低的影响,aVR导联ST段抬高0.05~0.1mV和抬高≥0.1mV患者死亡的优势比分别是4.2(95%可信区间为1.4~13.5;P<0.001)和6.1(95%可信区间为2.4~17.3;P<0.001)。住院期间复发心肌缺血事件和心力衰竭发生率随aVR导联ST段抬高程度增加而增加,而不同程度aVR导联ST段抬高患者血清肌酸激酶和肌酸激酶同工酶相似。aVR导联无ST段抬高、抬高0.05~0.1mV和抬高≥0.1mV患者左主干或3支血管病变发生率分别为16.9%、37.1%和56.2%(P<0.001)。结论首次非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死伴aVR导联ST段抬高患者预后较差,而这种差的预后与严重的冠状动脉病变有关,对这些患者进行早期介入治疗也许有重要的益处。     

平板运动试验对左前降支单支病变部位的预测价值

目的 探讨平板运动试验对左前降支（LAD）单支病变部位的预测价值.方法 选取2008年1月至2013年7月平板运动试验阳性,且冠状动脉造影为LAD单支病变患者64例,根据病变部位分成两组,LAD近端病变组34例,LAD中远端病变组30例,回顾性对比分析平板运动试验与LAD病变部位的关系.结果 LAD近端组的aVR导联抬高幅度明显高于LAD中远端组（P＜0.01）,伴胸闷、胸痛例数LAD近端组明显多于LAD中远端组（P＜0.05）,Duke评分LAD近端组明显低于LAD中远端组（P＜0.05）.运动时间、ST段改变开始时间、累积ST段下移幅度、达到目标心率的比率两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.LAD近端病变组出现aVR导联ST段抬高≥0.10 mV患者例数明显多于LAD中远端病变组（64.7％比20.0％,P=0.000）.aVR导联ST段抬高≥0.10 mV预测LAD近端病变的敏感度为64.71％、特异度为80.00％、阳性预测值78.57％、阴性预测值66.67％、准确率为71.88％.结论 平板运动试验诱发aVR导联ST段抬高对早期预测LAD近端病变有重要价值.     

单一冠状动脉畸形的急性心肌梗死及介入治疗二例

例1患男,55岁。因突发心前区疼痛6h不缓解到我院急诊室,心电图胸前V1～2导联呈QS波,V3～5导联呈rS波,V1～5导联ST段明显抬高0．2～0．6mV。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联呈qR波伴ST段抬高0．1mV。诊断为急性前壁心肌梗死。急诊行冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉介入治疗,穿刺右股动脉,插入6F动脉鞘管,先用6FJL4．0造影导管行左冠状动脉造影,结果示前降支近段次全闭塞。在行急诊冠状动脉造影中前降支近中段完全闭塞,回旋支远端粗大（图1）。     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.