威海市城乡普通人群酒依赖流行病学调查

目的：了解目前威海市城乡普通人群的酒依赖情况。方法：采用整群抽样调查，使用定式问卷向50174名城乡普通人群调查酒依赖情况。结果：普通人群男、女及整体酒依赖终生患病率分别为22.38‰、0．16‰和11.38‰；农村（12.94‰），高于城市（9．19‰）。结论：威海市酒依赖（含慢性酒精中毒所致精神障碍）患病率较高，与酒相关的社会问题突出，酒依赖应列为物质滥用的防治和研究重点。     

贵阳、安顺、毕节三地区酒依赖调查分析

目的按WHO／CHINA课题要求，了解21世纪初贵州部分地区酒依赖患病率与1986年比较的变动情况。方法按照《调查手册》的调查流程及各种筛选和诊断工具调查了解贵阳、安顺、毕节三地区的10232人。结果在所调查的≥15岁的8506人中，酒依赖（含酒精中毒性精神障碍）时点患病率为3．64％，终身患病率3．88％，与1986年比较，有明显上升。结论酒依赖患病率明显上升，应列为物质滥用干预策略的重点之中。     

贵州省部分地区精神分裂症流行病学调查

为了解我省精神分裂症患病率的发展趋势及规律 ,我们于 2 0 0 1年 7月 1日在贵州省的贵阳市、凯里市、都匀市进行了精神分裂症流行病学的调查 ,并与我省 1 986年部分地区精神分裂症的流行病学调查患病率及全国七个地区精神分裂症的流行病学调查患病率进行了比较。1　资料和方法1 .1　一般资料　采用整群抽样方法 ,在贵阳市、凯里市、都匀市每一城市和农村框架地区人口各约 8～ 9万人 ,共 6个抽样框架地区 ,人口为 5 0 .1万人。每一个框架地区抽样 5 0 0户为调查对象 ,共计 30 0 0户 ,人口为 986 4人 ,其中男性 4 95 4人 ,女性 4 91 0人。1 .…     

5.12汶川地震灾后酒依赖流行病学调查研究

目的:了解5.12汶川地震灾后酒依赖的患病率及其相关因素,为灾后心理康复提供科学依据。方法:整群抽样,在具有代表性的极重灾区都江堰、北川、青川三地,以自编一般情况调查表及一般健康问卷12项(GHQ-12)为筛选工具,以SCID-I/P定式检查问卷为调查诊断工具,依据DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准,对成年地震亲历人群(≥15a)进行调查,并通过单因素和多因素的分析方法,计算这些因素对灾后酒依赖的作用强度。结果:共纳入14208例调查对象,总酒依赖时点患病率为0.80%,比1993年调查结果(0.68‰)高11.76倍。相关因素有男性、年龄较大者、受教育年限较少者、婚姻不稳定者、震中丧失亲人、震前居住地在城镇的、亲眼看到他人死亡者等。结论:酒依赖是震后主要的精神疾病之一,大量饮酒者及酒依赖患者是灾后精神卫生防治的重点人群。     

河北省酒精滥用和依赖性障碍流行病学调查

目的：了解2004年河北省18岁以上人群酒精滥用和依赖性障碍患病水平及在不同人群中的分布特点。方法：采用随机抽样方法调查河北省18岁以上人群24000人，调查筛选工具采用改编后的一般健康问卷12项（GHQ-12），以《DSM—IV—TR轴I障碍定式临床检查》（SCID—T／P）病人版为调查的诊断工具。功能状况评价采用功能大体评定量表（OAF）。结果：酒精滥用和依赖性障碍时点患病率为19，87‰（95％CI19，73—20，00‰），终生患病率为38，62‰（95％CI35，99—41．24‰），时点患病率城市17.99‰，农村20.16‰，差异无显著性（u=0.75，P〉0.05）；女性为0.77‰，男性为39.32‰，男性明显高于女性（u=19．81，p〈0.01）。酒精滥用和酒精依赖性障碍以30—39岁、50-59岁患病率最高，分别为25.07‰、27.18‰。Logistic回归分析表明男性是最大的危险因素，是女性的41倍。结论：酒精滥用和依赖性障碍患病率高、上升趋势明显。     

贵州省独山县城关镇癫痫流行病学调查

独山县城关镇癫痫的患病率和发病率分别为196.6/10万和9.8/10万,原发性癫痫占65％,有明确原因的继发性癫痫占35％。遗传因素对其发病有一定影响。进行药物治疗组的预后显著优于未治疗组。     

1560例毒品依赖者流行病学调查

目的：调查分析毒品依赖者的特点，为临床医生脱毒治疗提高疗效，降低复吸率提供参考意见，方法：采用国家卫生部制定的药物滥用监测登记表对武汉地区符合阿片物质依赖综合征诊断标准的１５６０例吸毒病人进行流行病学调查。结果：吸毒人员中男性多于女性，年龄段集中在１８岁～４６岁，文化程度主要为高，初中生，职业以个体户最多，依次为无业人员，娱乐服务人员等，吸毒原因为好奇心，寻求刺激，毒贩教唆等，吸毒人员中几乎都合并     

贵州省部分地区吸毒情况调查

近年来,我国部分地区的药物滥用严重地危害社会安定、家庭幸福和滥用者本人身心健康,我省安顺市是全国成瘾物质滥用的高发地区之一。为进一步了解我省其它地区吸毒情况的严重程度和与之相关的基本情况,正确推断社区吸毒高危人群社区预防提供依据,为我省的禁毒戒毒工作提出合理建议,本研究对贵州省部分地区吸毒情况进行调查,现报告如下。     

北京市大兴区药物依赖流行病学调查报告

目的:掌握北京市大兴区药物依赖流行病学特征,探讨药物依赖的影响因素,为建立相关干预措施提供科学依据.方法:6名精神科专科医生对辖区在册的368 026名15岁及以上的人口采用统一量表进行调查,包括精神现状检查(PSE)、简明精神病量表(BPRS)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ),诊断标准为<国际疾病分类>第10版(ICD-1...     

贵州省尿液HIV抗体专题流行病学调查分析报告

按卫生部及艾滋病防治中心的要求 ,本所于2 0 0 1年 12月至 2 0 0 2年 6月在全省 9个地、市 (县 )开展了ＨＩＶ流行情况调查 ,除贵阳市未上报资料外 ,在余下的 8个地、市 (县 )分别调查了我省有偿献血员较集中地区农民 3877人 ,吸毒者 15 33人 ,娱乐场所服务小姐 896人。发现ＨＩＶ尿检初筛阳性 83例 ,现将调查结果分析如下。1　材料与方法分析数据来源于各地有偿献血员较集中地区 ,戒毒所的吸毒人员 ,娱乐场所的服务小姐。按连续抽样法进行一般情况登记 ,采被检者尿液 3～ 5ｍｌ,在本所以卫生部艾滋病防治中心下发的尿液检测试剂作初筛实验…     

Extended-release naltrexone for alcohol and opioid dependence: A meta-analysis of healthcare utilization studies

Through improved adherence, once-monthly injectable extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) may provide an advantage over other oral agents approved for alcohol and opioid dependence treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate cost and utilization outcomes between XR-NTX and other pharmacotherapies for treatment of alcohol and opioid dependence. Published studies were identified through comprehensive search of two electronic databases. Studies were included if they compared XR-NTX to other approved medicines and reported economic and healthcare utilization outcomes in patients with opioid or alcohol dependence. We identified five observational studies comparing 1,565 patients using XR-NTX to other therapies over 6 months. Alcohol dependent XR-NTX patients had longer medication refill persistence versus acamprosate and oral naltrexone. Healthcare utilization and costs was generally lower or as low for XR-NTX-treated patients relative to other alcohol dependence agents. Opioid dependent XR-NTX patients had lower inpatient substance abuse-related utilization versus other agents and $8170 lower total cost versus methadone.     

酒依赖患者的临床特点研究

目的 调查、研究酒依赖患者的饮酒史和临床表现,为早期干预和临床针对性治疗提供参考。方法采用CCMD-2-R酒依赖诊断标准、饮酒问卷对108例酒依赖住院病人进行临床诊断和精神障碍评定。结果酒依赖患者初期的每日饮酒量比酒依赖后期为多,日饮酒次数则以酒依赖后期为多。酒依赖病人大脑、周围神经以及社会功能受到损害,出现记忆障碍、指端麻木。不同时期精神障碍症状的种类和发生频率有所不同,焦虑、睡眠障碍及躯体损害症状住院期间持续存在。结论酒依赖患者不同时期每日饮酒量、日饮酒次数和症状表现有所不同。不同时期治疗方法、策略应有所侧重,对渴求、焦虑、睡眠障碍、躯体营养状况的改善应贯穿治疗始终。     

帕罗西汀治疗酒依赖临床疗效研究

目的：探讨帕罗西汀治疗酒依赖患者的疗效与安全性。方法：采用临床开放研究,将68例酒依赖患者随机入组,治疗24周,在不同治疗时段采用密执根酒精依赖调查表（MAST）、饮酒渴求度、饮酒量调查表、17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表（Hamilton Depression Scale,HAMD-17）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（Hamdton Anxieg Scale,HAMA）进行测试。结果：观察期内帕罗西汀组的饮酒渴求度,在治疗的第8、16、24周,明显低于对照组,比较差异有显著性fP值均〈0,05）;帕罗西汀组的酒精消耗量在治疗的第8、16、24周,较对照组显著减少,差异有统计学意A（P值均〈0．05）;帕罗西汀组HAMD-17评分,在治疗的第6、8、16、24周比较差异有显著性（P值均〈O．05）;帕罗西汀组的FLAMA评分,在治疗的第2、4、8周,明显低于对照组,比较差异有显著性（P值均〈0．05）;复饮患者纳曲酮组和对照组分别有6／31例、12／29例,差异有显著性（P值〈0．05）;不良事件记录显示帕罗西汀比较常见的不良反应主要为消化道反应（30／34）和乏力、嗜睡、头疼等神经系统副作用（3／34）。结论：帕罗西汀能有效降低酒依赖患者的心理渴求、酒精消耗和复饮风险,同时也能缓解酗酒导致的抑郁、焦虑症状。帕罗西汀的不良反应程度较轻,患者多可耐受,是一种安全有效的酒依赖治疗药物。     

An adoption study of DSM-IIIR alcohol and drug dependence severity

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of genetic factors in alcohol and drug dependence at various levels of DSM-IIIR psychoactive substance dependence severity. Method: One-hundred-and-ninety-seven adoptees (95 case adoptees with biological parental alcoholism, drug dependence or antisocial personality disorder and 102 control adoptees) were interviewed for the presence of alcohol abuse or dependence and drug abuse or dependence using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule-DIS IIIR. Results: Adoptees with five or more DSM-IIIR criteria for alcohol dependence demonstrated evidence of a genetic effect using this adoption paradigm (odds ratio = 2.3, 95% C.I. (1.1, 4.9)). Adoptees with one or more DSM-IIIR criteria for drug dependence demonstrated a genetic effect (odds ratio = 2.4, 95% C.I. (1.3, 4.4)). Conclusions: This study suggests genetic factors influence the risk for alcohol and drug dependence at different thresholds of severity as determined by DSM-IIIR symptom severity count.     

心理行为干预对酒依赖者脱酒后复饮的影响

目的探讨心理行为干预对酒依赖者脱酒后复饮的影响。方法将122例酒依赖者随机分为两组,干预组除给予常规药物替代治疗外,还给予系统的心理行为干预;对照组单用常规药物替代治疗。应用心理控制源量表（DRIE）,症状自评量表（SCL-90）,密西根酒精依赖调查表（MAST）定期进行评定。疗程6个月。结果在治疗后,干预组DRIE、SCL-90、MAST各项评分均显著低予对照组（P〈0.05）。结论酒依赖者脱酒后,给予系统的心理行为干预,能在一定程度上降低复饮。     

The latent structure of alcohol dependence in female federal prisoners

Results obtained from a structured interview of substance abuse diagnoses were subjected to taxometric analysis in a group of 459 low and minimum security female federal prisoners applying for admission to a comprehensive drug treatment program. Drawing indicators from a DSM-IV diagnosis of alcohol dependence (tolerance/withdrawal, loss of control, negative social/psychological consequences) the authors conducted a taxometric analysis using the following procedures: mean above minus below a cut (MAMBAC), maximum eigenvalue (MAXEIG), and latent mode factor analysis (L-Mode). Results were generally consistent with taxonic (categorical) latent structure for a DSM-IV diagnosis of alcohol dependence. The implications and limitations of this study are examined and recommendations for future research are offered.     

A preliminary,randomized trial of aerobic exercise for alcohol dependence

Interventions targeting physical activity may be valuable as an adjunct to alcohol treatment, but have been relatively untested. In the current study, alcohol dependent, physically sedentary patients were randomized to: a 12-week moderate-intensity, group aerobic exercise intervention (AE; n = 25) or a brief advice to exercise intervention (BA-E; n = 23). Results showed that individuals in AE reported significantly fewer drinking and heavy drinking days, relative to BA-E during treatment. Furthermore adherence to AE strengthened the beneficial effect of intervention on alcohol use outcomes. While high levels of moderate-intensity exercise appeared to facilitate alcohol recovery regardless of intervention arm, attending the group-based AE intervention seemed to further enhance the positive effects of exercise on alcohol use. Study findings indicate that a moderate intensity, group aerobic exercise intervention is an efficacious adjunct to alcohol treatment. Improving adherence to the intervention may enhance its beneficial effects on alcohol use.     

An open randomized trial comparing disulfiram and topiramate in the treatment of alcohol dependence

This study compared the efficacy of disulfiram (DSF) and topiramate (TPM) for preventing alcoholic relapse in an open study of routine clinical practice in India. One hundred alcohol-dependent men with family members who agreed to encourage medical compliance and to accompany them for follow-up were randomly allocated to 9 months of treatment with DSF or TPM. Weekly psychotherapy was also provided. There was no blinding of conditions for the psychiatrist, patient, or family members. Supervision and support of the family member were used in the maintenance of compliance among the patients. Alcohol consumption, craving, and adverse events were recorded weekly for 3 months and then biweekly. Serum gamma glutamyl transferase was measured at the start and at the end of the study. At the end of the trial, 92 patients were still in contact. Relapse occurred at a mean of 133 days for DSF as compared with 79 days for TPM. At 9 months, 90% of DSF patients, as compared with 56% of TPM patients, remained abstinent. TPM-treated patients did show less craving than DSF patients did. Further comparisons between these drugs in different treatment settings and patient populations are warranted.