膝关节镜下治疗髌股关节退行性变的方法探讨

目的:探讨膝关节镜下治疗髌股关节退行性变的方法.方法:327例患者,采用关节镜下手术治疗.对单纯髌骨软骨剥脱的病损行滑膜切除、髌骨软骨损伤区减压,对髌股关节四周有应力性劳损骨赘形成的病例行髌股关节四周应力区减压.结果:本组随访6个月～5年3个月.髌前疼痛缓解或消失298例.结论:膝关节镜下清理减压是治疗髌股关节退行性变的有效方法.     

膝关节镜下治疗髌股关节退行性变的方法探讨

目的：探讨膝关节镜下治疗髌股关节退行性变的方法．方法：327例患者，采用关节镜下手术治疗。对单纯髌骨软骨剥脱的病损行滑膜切除、髌骨软骨损伤区减压，对髌股关节四周有应力性劳损骨赘形成的病例行髌股关节四周应力区减压。结果：本组随访6个月～5年3个月。髌前疼痛缓解或消失298例。结论：膝关节镜下清理减压是治疗髌股关节退行性变的有效方法。     

髌股关节排列异常

髌股关节排列异常柴卫兵马忠泰高淑能前膝痛是膝关节疼痛中最为常见的症状之一，其病因包括髌股关节排列异常，髌骨软骨软化症，骨关节病，滑膜病，髌周肌肉及肌腱劳损，脂肪垫肥大和损伤以及外伤后的骨软骨损伤等。其中髌股关节排列异常是在诊断上易于混淆和忽视、处理上...     

髌股关节紊乱症的关节镜诊断和治疗

目的:对一组髌股关节紊乱症从关节镜下观察髌骨运动轨迹及关节软骨损伤情况并予治疗。方法:对临床诊断为髌股关节紊乱症的30例38膝,其中20例27膝经CT检查明确髌股关节排列异常的类型和程度,所有38膝均经关节镜关节腔内行外侧支持带松解术。结果:术后随访平均131个月,优良率为737%。经CT检查的27膝关节镜下所见均有软骨损伤,在较严重软骨损伤(OuterbridgeⅢ期Ⅳ期)的21膝中,CT测量显示有静力性髌股排列异常者占15膝(71%)。结论:髌股关节紊乱症的外侧髌股关节有着较高而持续的接触压力,对软骨危害较大。通过关节镜进行诊断和治疗,具有创伤小、诊断明确、早期活动、恢复快等优点,且不妨碍以后必要的进一步手术。术后坚持股四头肌肌力锻炼,维持股四头肌(尤其是股内侧肌)的力量,是获得持久良好疗效的保证。     

X线片测量髌骨外倾角在髌股关节病诊断中的应用

目的观察髌股关节病患者,髌骨外倾角的大小范围对髌股关节病诊断的意义。 方法实验组收集年龄27～65岁,平均年龄(50±4)岁。临床上就诊于哈尔滨市第一医院骨科患者,不同程度的膝关节疼痛及屈伸活动受限,排除类风湿性关节炎,关节感染,关节外伤,符合髌股关节病诊断标准病例214例,共计214膝。拍摄X光下膝关节屈膝髌骨30°时轴位片,测量髌骨外倾角的大小。对照组收集年龄28～77岁,平均年龄(51±3)岁,无膝关节病及疼痛的病例60例,共计60膝,拍摄X光下膝关节屈膝髌骨30°时轴位片,测量髌骨外倾角的大小。 结果实验组测得髌骨外倾角在18.5°～35.2°之间,髌股关节病患者X光下膝关节屈膝髌骨30°时轴位片髌骨外倾角增大。对照组测得髌骨外倾角在7.7°～18.7°之间,X光下膝关节屈膝髌骨30°时轴位片髌骨外倾角在正常范围。 结论髌骨外倾角的测量对于髌股关节病的诊断有重要意义,X光下膝关节屈膝髌骨30°时轴位片见髌骨外倾角增大并伴有关节疼痛患者可以考虑髌股关节病诊断,可行关节镜手术治疗。     

关节镜直视下对膝关节滑膜卡压综合征的诊断和治疗

膝关节滑膜卡压综合征系指增生的滑膜组织补髌股关节卡压而产生的一系列症状。本文报告４７例５１个膝。常见的症状是行走痛，膝关节活动及上下楼梯时加剧，有些伴有弹响和交锁。全部病例均有压痛。作者认为关节镜术是诊断和治疗该综合征的有效方法，对一些退行性关节炎患者亦有良好效果。     

膝关节髌下皱襞的临床意义

目的:观察膝关节镜下髌下皱襞结构的变化,探讨膝关节髌下皱襞的临床意义。方法:回顾性总结分析膝关节镜手术病例400例,男177例,女223例;年龄9~79岁,平均42岁。术前均有膝关节疼痛、肿胀和交锁等现象,保守治疗无效,行膝关节镜检查及镜下手术。术中证实单纯的髌下皱襞病变11例,术前有膝前区疼痛症状者8例,疼痛区域模糊不定者3例,膝关节反复肿胀、积液者2例;术前诊断为半月板损伤4例,关节软骨损伤2例,髌股关节骨性关节炎1例,髌下脂肪垫损伤4例。11例均行膝关节镜下髌下皱襞切除术。结果:400例膝关节镜手术中发现有髌下皱襞结构的284例(71%);有髌下皱襞病变的52例(13%),其中单纯的髌下皱襞病变11例(2.75%)。髌下皱襞病变镜下表现为髌下皱襞肿胀、增厚、纤维化、丧失弹性,与髁间凹产生撞击。11例单纯髌下皱襞病变均行关节镜下髌下皱襞切除术,术后随访9例,2例失访,随访时间3~24个月,平均14个月。疗效评定优7例,良1例,可1例,差0例,优良率88.89%。结论:髌下皱襞具有明确的临床意义,其病变可以引起临床症状。     

射频汽化仪用于膝关节镜手术的临床初探

目的探索冷融化技术在膝关节镜手术中的应用前景和手术技术。方法采用 ArthroCare 2000汽化仪对 20例不同膝关节疾病患者施行关节镜手术。关节镜下诊断疾病分别为：半月板撕裂 6例,股骨髁关节软骨退变 6例,髌骨半脱位 5例,滑膜增生性炎症 2例,前十字韧带部分损伤 1例。通过汽化仪做膝关节镜下半月板部分切除、损伤软骨面及韧带修整、滑膜部分切除以及髌骨外侧支持带松解术等。结果术后膝关节无须加压包扎,分别于术后 24、 48及 72 h对术侧膝关节做浮髌试验检查,均为阴性。术后 24 h行 CPM锻炼,均无明显膝关节疼痛。患者自觉症状良好。镜下观察关节和半月板软骨处理面光整,无出血。结论 ArthroCare 2000汽化仪操作方便,治疗精确,在切除病损组织时最大限度地减少了邻近组织损伤,同时具有止血功能,有利于早期康复。     

关节镜下外侧支持带松解联合Fulkerson截骨术治疗髌股关节紊乱症

目的　探讨关节镜下外侧支持带松解联合Fulkerson截骨术治疗髌股关节紊乱症的疗效。方法　对一组 32例 39膝术前行常规髌骨动力性CT扫描测量髌股适合角 (CA)髌股外侧倾角 (LPFA)和髌骨倾斜角 (P -TA)。均在关节镜下关节腔内行外侧支持带松解联合Fulkerson截骨术。结果　术后平均随访 1 0 6个月 ,32例症状明显改善 ,未发生胫骨骨折病例。复查动力性髌骨CT测量髌股适合角 ,外侧髌股角和髌骨倾斜角较术前明显改善 (P <0 0 1 )。结论　该方法同时解决了近端和远端重排列问题 ,并纠正了动态和静态排列异常 ,消除了异常应力 ,解除了症状。两种术式的结合其疗效是相加的 ,最终有利于提高髌股关节紊乱症的疗效     

膝关节镜术后再次手术的原因

目的探讨膝关节镜术后再次手术的原因。方法对25例膝关节镜术后再次手术者行膝关节镜术16例,开放性滑膜切除术7例,全膝关节置换术2例。分析其再手术原因。结果软骨剥脱、滑膜病变残留或滑膜炎复发、漏诊半月板或交叉韧带损伤以及关节游离体是再手术中见到的主要病变。随访6个月-2年,16例膝关节镜术后机械性交锁症状均消失,7例行滑膜切除、2例人工全膝关节置换术者术后肿胀疼痛均消失。结论误漏诊、术前查体不细、适应证选择及手术处理不当是膝关节镜术后再次手术的主要原因。提高术前诊断水平、术中关节镜操作技术是减少再手术的关键。     

误诊为半月板损伤的弹响膝122例分析

目的探讨误诊为半月板损伤患者弹响膝的发生机制、临床表现、诊断和关节镜治疗。方法回顾性分析122例术前误诊为半月板损伤的弹响膝患者资料,所有患者均接受膝关节镜手术。分析不同病因导致膝关节弹响的部位、响度、发生频率、镜下表现,最终评价关节镜手术疗效。结果许多疾病均可出现膝关节弹响,最常见原因为半月板损伤,其次是关节内游离体、软骨病变、滑膜病变、髌股关节紊乱、韧带及肌腱损伤等。其弹响各有特点,关节镜诊治后91．8％弹响症状完全消失,少数患者残余部分症状？结论膝关节弹响来源多样,半月板源性的弹响最为常见。掌握弹响特点有助于术前正确诊断,提高手术疗效,避免过度医疗。关节镜手术是诊治弹响膝的金标准。     

Arthroscopic Treatment of Patellar Clunk and Synovial Hyperplasia After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Patellofemoral pain, crepitus, and locking are infrequent symptoms after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We performed a retrospective review of 25 patients who underwent arthroscopic debridement after primary TKA to treat the patellar clunk syndrome (15 knees) or patellofemoral synovial hyperplasia (10 knees). After surgery, patient-reported knee pain and crepitus as well as Knee Society knee and function scores improved in both groups. Postoperative knee range of motion remained unchanged. Arthroscopic debridement of symptomatic patellofemoral synovium after TKA is a safe and effective procedure.     

关节镜下诊断与治疗膝关节滑膜软骨瘤病

目的 报道膝关节滑膜软骨瘤病１５例,均用关节镜诊断及治疗,所有病例均经病理检查证实。作者对关节镜在术本病诊断中的优点,分型及治疗方法进行探讨,方法 所有１５例病例均为膝关节病变,左膝关节６例,右膝关节７例,双侧膝关节２例。主要临床症状为关节疼痛,交锁及反复肿胀,关节镜术野好,可全面检查关节腔,具有放大作用,可提高本病的诊断率并有助于分型,关节镜下可将本病分为三型,表浅型,深在型和游离体型,治疗采用     

关节清理术结合外侧支持带松解治疗膝关节骨关节炎

目的 探讨关节镜下关节清理术结合外侧支持带松解治疗膝关节骨关节炎的方法及其效果.方法 对34例伴有髌股关节对线不良的膝关节骨关节炎患者进行关节清理术结合外侧支持带松解.结果 34例获6个月～2年随访,参照Lysholm膝关节评分标准:85分以上26例,70～85分7例,65分1例.结论 关节清理术结合外侧支持带松解治疗伴有髌股关节对线不良的膝关节骨关节炎具有肯定的疗效.     

The clinical significance of the complete type of suprapatellar membrane

The plicae are synovial septa remaining in adult life that existed in early fetal life. The suprapatellar plica separates the suprapatellar pouch from the knee joint. The plica syndrome has clinical significance, which has been occasionally overlooked, but the pathophysiology of symptomatic plicae may be hard to explain. To evaluate the clinical significance of the suprapatellar plicae, the authors reviewed 34 cases in 23 patients with vague pain around the knee and a total septum of the suprapatellar plica at arthroscopic examination from September 1991 to December 1993. The follow-up period was from 6 months to 2 years and 9 months. The most common presenting symptom was chronic mild knee pain, aggravated by prolonged squatting or standing, with other patients reporting recurrent swelling, instability, giving-way, or a feeling of snapping. The objective findings include palpable band on the superomedial side, audible snapping, and local tenderness, but there were no significant abnormal findings in the laboratory. The radiographic findings were few, with sclerosis of the articular surface of the patella in 2(6%), malalignment in 1(3%), and mild degenerative change in 4 cases(12%). Five of 11 patients evaluated by bone scan had increased uptake around the patellofemoral joint, and 7 of 13 knees had a relatively small suprapatellar bursa on conventional arthrogram or pneumoarthrogram. At arthroscopy, a suprapatellar plicae with complete septum was identified in 30 of 34 cases (88%) and associated lesions presented as meniscal tears, loose body, and discoid meniscus without tear. The complete plicae were surgically excised under arthroscopic control in 30 patients and the results were excellent in 22 patients (73%), good in 5 (17%), and poor in 3 (10%)at 17 months follow-up; there were no failures. In our opinion, the complete suprapatellar plica is clinically significant in patients who have equivocal diagnosis of knee problems and further studies of the pathophysiology of complete suprapatellar plica are needed. (Arthroscopy 1998 Nov-Dec;14(8):830-5.)     

膝关节髌下皱襞的临床意义

目的:观察膝关节镜下髌下皱襞结构的变化,探讨膝关节髌下皱襞的临床意义。方法:回顾性总结分析膝关节镜手术病例400例,男177例,女223例;年龄9⁷9岁,平均42岁。术前均有膝关节疼痛、肿胀和交锁等现象,保守治疗无效,行膝关节镜检查及镜下手术。术中证实单纯的髌下皱襞病变11例,术前有膝前区疼痛症状者8例,疼痛区域模糊不定者3例,膝关节反复肿胀、积液者2例;术前诊断为半月板损伤4例,关节软骨损伤2例,髌股关节骨性关节炎1例,髌下脂肪垫损伤4例。11例均行膝关节镜下髌下皱襞切除术。结果:400例膝关节镜手术中发现有髌下皱襞结构的284例（71%）;有髌下皱襞病变的52例（13%）,其中单纯的髌下皱襞病变11例（2.75%）。髌下皱襞病变镜下表现为髌下皱襞肿胀、增厚、纤维化、丧失弹性,与髁间凹产生撞击。11例单纯髌下皱襞病变均行关节镜下髌下皱襞切除术,术后随访9例,2例失访,随访时间3²4个月,平均14个月。疗效评定优7例,良1例,可1例,差0例,优良率88.89%。结论:髌下皱襞具有明确的临床意义,其病变可以引起临床症状。     

Painful locking of the knee due to bucket handle tear of mediopatellar plica

A case of swelling and anterior painful knee due to tear of mediopatellar plica is reported. The patient also felt clunk of the patellofemoral joint and knee locking. Under arthroscopic examination, a thick and fibrous plica was found medial to patellar, and a bucket tear along the plica fi.om medial patellar retinaculum to infrapatellar fat pad. Polarized microscopic examination showed collagen fiber fragment and loss of light reflecting property. Neuroimmunohistology suggested up-regulation of synovial plica innervation in the area around the crack. This may be related to the pain. The bucket tear of mediopatellar plicacaused pain and lock of knee are more common than previously reported.     

Intra-articular knee mass in a 51-year-old woman

A 51-year-old woman presented with moderate knee pain refractory to conservative measures. Radiographs revealed a well-defined, but irregularly-shaped ovoid soft tissue density at the posterior superior aspect of the infrapatellar fat pad of Hoffa. On magnetic resonance imaging, the mass was mildly heterogeneous and had intermediate signal in the proton density series and mixed signal intensity on the T2-weighted images. A low-signal rim could be seen around a portion of the lesion. Arthroscopic resection was performed and a vascular stalk was encountered. The differential diagnosis included: ganglion cyst, meniscal cyst, intra-articular lipoma, villous proliferation of the synovial membrane, Hoffa disease, and intracapsular chondroma. Histologic examination revealed a fibrous capsule partially surrounding a benign lipomatous neoplasm containing an abundance of thin- and thick-walled blood vessels with periadventitial myxoid stroma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an intra-articular angiomyxolipoma in the literature. At 8-month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic with no sign of recurrence. We postulate a low recurrence rate based on the insidious growth rate and benign histological appearance of such lesions. To our knowledge, no other intra-articular lipomatous lesion of the knee has been removed solely with arthroscopic techniques. Further follow-up information is needed to better understand the natural course of these lesions.     

Arthroscopic evaluation of synovitis in the knee joints

It is not always easy to diagnose certain types of monoarthritis of the knee joints. In such cases, it is essential to evaluate the condition of the synovitis both macroscopically and microscopically, as the synovial appearance (synovitis) closely reflects the pathological condition (arthritis) of the knee joints. Arthroscopy is an excellent tool for visualizing and evaluating the condition of the synovium macroscopically. On arthroscopic examination, precise evaluation of the villi often provides clues, enabling accurate diagnosis. In addition, histological sections obtained from biopsy specimens in various cases of synovitis give significant information. In this article, arthroscopic observation and histological sections of various cases of synovitis are compared, and the diagnostic value and limitations of arthroscopic examination are discussed.