岛状皮瓣修复瘢痕性睑外翻

目的探讨眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣与颞浅动脉蒂反流轴型耳后岛状皮瓣在修复瘢痕性睑外翻中的应用,提高睑外翻矫正后所致皮肤缺损的美学修复效果。方法自1998年2月以来,对18例瘢痕性睑外翻,采用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣旋转180°移位修复13例,皮瓣最大面积2.7cm×3.6cm;采用颞浅动脉蒂反流轴型耳后岛状皮瓣经面部皮下隧道转移修复5例,皮瓣最大面积3.1cm×5.4cm。结果1例反流轴型耳后岛状皮瓣术后出现静脉回流障碍,经对症处理后仅皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死,Ⅱ期植皮后治愈,其余17例皮瓣完全成活。随访6个月,睑外翻矫正,皮瓣颜色、质地与眼周皮肤相近,供区瘢痕不明显。结论根据睑外翻程度,可制备颞部岛状皮瓣或耳后岛状皮瓣转移。前者适用于修复较小面积的皮肤缺损,后者适用于修复较大面积的皮肤缺损。     

应用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣矫正睑外翻

目的探讨应用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣修复睑外翻的方法及效果.方法设计以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞区皮瓣,将皮瓣旋转180°移位至眼睑部瘢痕松解后的创面,修复瘢痕性睑外翻.结果术后12例患者,皮瓣完全成活,随访6个月,睑外翻无复发,供区瘢痕不明显.结论眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣血供可靠,修复睑外翻可取得功能与外观双重修复的满意结果.     

眼轮匝肌蒂颞部皮瓣修复颜面部软组织缺损

目的探讨用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣修复颜面部、鼻部及下睑小面积软组织缺损的方法及效果.方法1994年～1999年设计以眼轮匝肌为蒂,以同侧颞区无毛发区为供区,皮瓣最大范围3cm×5cm.皮瓣带蒂岛状移位至颜面部创面,共修复下睑外翻、鼻部、面部瘢痕及色素痣切除后的组织缺损12例.结果术后12例皮瓣完全成活,随访2年,疗效良好.皮瓣宽在3cm以下时供区均可直接缝合,术后较少遗留瘢痕及继发畸形.结论眼轮匝肌是一个多元血管供血的肌肉,以其眶部肌肉为蒂的同侧颞部无毛区岛状小皮瓣是修复颜面部小面积软组织缺损的一个可行方法.但颜面部组织缺损面积较大时,供区缝合困难,应慎用.     

应用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣矫正睑外翻

目的探讨应用眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣修复睑外翻的方法及效果。方法设计以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞区皮瓣,将皮瓣旋转180°移位至眼睑部瘢痕松解后的创面,修复瘢痕性睑外翻。结果术后12例患者,皮瓣完全成活,随访6个月,睑外翻无复发,供区瘢痕不明显。结论眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣血供可靠,修复睑外翻可取得功能与外观双重修复的满意结果。     

微小皮瓣在颜面部整形修复中的应用

1998年以来 ,我们应用微小皮瓣对颜面部的皮肤组织缺损和畸形进行修复矫正 ,取得满意效果 ,报告如下。1　临床资料本组 36例 ,男 2 2例 ,女 14例。年龄 4～ 4 2岁。眼睑瘢痕睑外翻 10例 ,鼻部瘢痕缺损畸形 6例 ,先天性鞍鼻畸形 6例 ,额部眼睑血管瘤 4例 ,口角黑痣 3例 ,口周唇部瘢痕 7例。分别采用微小皮瓣整形修复 ,皮瓣范围 1.0 cm× 2 .0 cm～ 3.0 cm× 4 .5 cm。 1眼睑或邻近部位的皮肤缺损 ,在颞区设计以下眼轮匝肌为蒂的岛状肌皮瓣修复。自远端皮下层剥离皮瓣 ,近蒂部解剖层次深入到眼轮匝肌下 ,分离部分肌肉以形成皮瓣肌蒂。切取后旋…     

岛状皮瓣一期修复眼睑分裂痣的设计与技巧

目的 探讨应用邻位及远位岛状皮瓣一期修复眼睑分裂痣的设计与技巧.方法 切除眼睑分裂痣上、下睑病变后,根据缺损的部位、形态及面积,选择应用眼轮匝肌蒂岛状皮瓣、耳后SMAS蒂岛状皮瓣或逆行颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣一期修复上、下睑皮肤缺损,供区均直接缝合.结果 2003年以来,共收治患者16例,其中应用眼轮匝肌肌皮瓣10例,耳后SMAS筋膜蒂皮瓣3例及逆行颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣3例.切除痣体的最大面积上睑为2.5 cm ×2.0 cm,下睑为4.0 cm×3.0 cm.1例耳后SMAS筋膜蒂皮瓣及1例逆行颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣术后出现皮瓣远端静脉回流障碍、部分表皮坏死,经换药后自行愈合,其余14例皮瓣全部成活良好.结论 根据病变的部位、形态和面积等选择合适的邻位或远位岛状皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣切除术后皮肤缺损,效果满意,且供区隐蔽、无继发畸形.     

颞侧眼轮匝肌蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨用颞侧眼轮匝肌蒂岛状皮瓣修复眼睑及鼻部皮肤软组织缺损的方法及效果.方法 设计以眼轮匝肌为蒂,以同侧颞区无毛发区为供区的皮瓣,移位并修复上下睑外翻及上下睑和鼻部肿瘤或瘢痕切除后、鼻外伤组织缺损共30例.皮瓣面积为1.0 cm×1.8 cm～2.5 cm×4.5 cm.结果 30例巾除5例早期皮瓣远端出现静脉淤血经保守治疗好转外,全部皮瓣均完全成活,随访3个月至1年,较少遗留瘢痕及继发畸形,功能及外观满意.结论 以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞侧岛状皮瓣是修复眼睑及鼻部小面积缺损的良好手术材料,具有易于转移、血供可靠、愈合快及供区隐蔽等优点.     

眶上动脉跨区供血的反流轴型耳前岛状皮瓣修复眼睑皮肤组织缺损

目的探讨眶上动脉跨区供血的耳前岛状皮瓣修复眼睑皮肤缺损,并验证其是否为最佳的皮瓣供区.方法根据陈宗基关于动脉经吻合支跨区反流灌注供血的反流轴型皮瓣的理论与实践,设计以眶上动脉为蒂,经眶上动脉与颞浅动脉额支的吻合支跨区反流供血的耳前岛状皮瓣,经皮下隧道移转修复眼睑皮肤组织的缺损,1997～1999年共治疗7例,面积最大4.0cm×2.4cm,最小2.0cm×1.8cm.结果7例均全部成活,随访l～2年,效果良好.结论眶上动脉跨区供血的反流轴型耳前岛状皮瓣具有稳定、可靠的血供保障,耳前皮肤组织的质地、色泽都与眼睑极为相似,是修复眼睑组织缺损的理想皮瓣供区.     

眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣切除后缺损的效果

探讨眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣修复眼睑分裂痣切除后下眼睑缺损的效果。2016年4月至2019年10月,大庆油田总医院整形外科收治眼睑分裂痣患者11例,男5例,女6例;年龄14～29岁,平均20.45岁。上眼睑切除后缺损行推进皮瓣或植皮,下眼睑分裂痣切除后根据皮肤缺损形态及面积行眼轮匝肌蒂颞部岛状皮瓣修复。11例患者术后皮瓣...     

烧伤后鼻部及邻位组织缺损畸形的修复

目的 了解烧伤后鼻及邻位组织缺损的最佳修复方法 及效果. 方法 1999年1月-2008年12月,笔者单位采用额部扩张皮瓣、上臂带蒂皮瓣、耳后反流轴型岛状皮瓣及鼻唇沟皮瓣,修复烧伤后鼻部及邻位组织缺损畸形患者12例,其中全鼻缺损4例,鼻部分缺损8例.12例患者巾鼻缺损伴面颊部瘢痕3例,伴额部瘢痕5例,伴上唇外翻及上唇大部分缺损共5例.皮瓣面积3.0cm × 1.5 cm～10.0 cm×8.0 cm. 结果 采用额部扩张皮瓣修复5例、上臂带带皮瓣修复3例、耳后反流轴型岛状皮瓣修复1例、鼻唇沟皮瓣修复3例.12例皮瓣全部成活.随访1～7年,患者鼻的功能及外形均明显改善. 结论 额部皮瓣为修复烧伤后鼻缺损的首选皮瓣.面部严重烧伤,瘢痕明显,不能选择局部皮瓣或邻位皮瓣时,可考虑应用上臂带蒂皮瓣、耳后反流轴型岛状皮瓣等修复.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.