急性大面积肺梗死的介入机械碎栓治疗

目的探讨急性大面积肺梗死介入机械碎栓治疗的可行性和临床疗效。方法对15例急性大面积肺栓塞患者采用碎栓器械行介入治疗,观察临床症状、肺动脉平均压、血氧分压和肺动脉开通情况。结果疗效评价为11例显效,3例好转,1例无效,术后动脉血氧分压明显升高,由(60.6±7.8)mmHg升至(91.0±7.7)mmHg,P=0.00;肺动脉平均压明显降低由(39.7±10.8)mmHg降至(27.3±7.9)mmHg,P=0.000。结论介入机械碎栓治疗急性大面积肺栓塞是一种可行且行之有效、安全的方法。     

高危肺动脉栓塞介入治疗的疗效评价

目的:探讨高危肺动脉栓塞进行肺动脉内介入治疗的疗效及安全性。方法:危险分层为高危肺动脉栓塞患者26例,经肺动脉内导管碎栓和局部灌注瑞替普酶溶栓的综合介入治疗,观察处理前后肺循环改善情况,分析心肺血流动力学的改变。结果:26例术前平均肺动脉压、动脉血氧分压和血压分别为(63.78±6.89)、(73.23±11.51)和(87.35±10.92)mmHg。术后分别为(26.23±10.27)、(93.48±6.17)和(127.14±13.15)mmHg,与治疗前比较均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。随访6~36个月,25例疗效持续,1例复发。结论:肺动脉内导管碎栓联合局部灌注瑞替普酶溶栓的介入治疗方法能迅速改善高危肺栓塞患者肺循环梗阻状况和临床症状,无明显并发症,对维持血流动力学稳定有很好作用。     

血管内介入治疗急性肺栓塞疗效观察

目的:研究经皮血管内介入治疗肺栓塞的临床价值。方法:21例临床疑诊病例,经多层螺旋CT或心脏彩超诊断为大面积或次大面积肺栓塞后,立即接受经皮肺动脉内导管碎栓及溶栓治疗。观察肺循环和临床症状改善情况。18例同时合并有下肢深静脉血栓患者,溶栓治疗后放置下腔静脉滤器。结果:20例患者临床症状明显改善。1例改善不明显。治疗前平均肺动脉压(36±5)mmHg、动脉血氧分压(32±6)mmHg,溶栓治疗后分别为(20±3)mmHg、(66±4)mmHg,前后比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:血管内介入治疗急性大面积或次大面积肺栓塞安全、有效。     

单纯经皮机械祛栓治疗急性大面积肺栓塞的临床应用

目的评价单纯介入机械祛栓在治疗急性大面积肺栓塞(PE)方面的临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾性收集2003年1月到2008年1月经皮机械碎栓(PMT)或(和)Straub Rotarex系统祛栓治疗急性大面积PE病例6例。结果6例患者的肺动脉主干血流得以再通且临床症状改善。介入术后,患者SaO2从术前79.5%±5.3%增加至92.8%±3.4%(P<0.01);PaO2从术前从(58.0±9.8)mmHg增加至(88.7±4.1)mmHg(P<0.01);术后患者的平均肺动脉压(PAP)从(40.8±7.8)mmHg降至(29.8±8.0)mmHg(P<0.01);Miller指数从术前的0.54±0.03降至术后的0.18±0.07(P<0.01)。在完成临床随访的4例患者中,1～5年内均未有PE复发。结论初步临床经验显示单纯PMT是治疗急性大面积PE的一种简单、有效、安全的方法,尤其是针对有溶栓禁忌证的患者。     

急性肺栓塞介入治疗的临床研究

目的　评价介入方法治疗肺栓塞的疗效。方法　 18例临床高度怀疑肺栓塞患者经急诊肺动脉造影确诊后 ,立即采取选择性肺动脉插管溶栓、吸栓、碎栓 ,解痉、球囊扩张治疗。疗效评价指标为肺动脉楔压、肺动脉开通率、远端肺血管网显示率、血气分析、血氧饱和度、临床症状、体征改善情况 ,其中 17例明确为下肢深静脉血栓脱落所致者 ,放置下腔静脉滤器后再行下肢深静脉溶栓治疗。结果　18例肺动脉造影全部为肺动脉主干或 2个以上分支栓塞 ,介入治疗后 3例肺动脉开通率 80 %～ 90 % ,11例为 90 %～ 95 % ,4例完全开通。远端肺血管网显示率全部在 90 %以上 ,13例肺动脉楔压下降至 2 5mmHg以下 ,5例下降至 2 5～ 30mmHg :血氧饱和度立即改善 ,10例恢复至 90 %～ 95 % ,8例为 95 %～10 0 % ,6例PaO2 为 90～ 95mmHg ,12例 >95mmHg。 13例咳嗽、咯血、呼吸困难、胸痛完全消失 ,5例明显减轻。并发消化道出血 1例。结论　肺动脉造影是肺栓塞诊断的金标准 ,介入治疗对急性大面积肺栓塞具有显著疗效 ,明显降低死亡率     

急性肺血栓栓塞症的介入综合治疗

目的评价介入综合治疗急性肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)的疗效。方法7例PTE病人,经肺动脉造影进一步明确栓塞部位后,即采用介入综合治疗(经导管碎栓、抽吸取栓、局部溶栓及下腔静脉滤器置入),观察临床症状、肺动脉开通情况、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、肺动脉平均压(PAPm)。结果所有PTE患者临床症状显著改善,肺动脉完全开通率90%以上;PAPm术前平均31 mmHg降至术后25 mmHg;PaO2术前平均54 mmHg升至术后95 mmHg,SaO2术前平均80%升至术后94%,术后未有再发PTE者。结论介入综合治疗急性PTE能够快速改善血液动力学,降低右心室后负荷,预防PTE复发。     

静脉溶栓联合导管碎栓和切栓治疗急性大面积肺栓塞

目的评价静脉溶栓联合导管碎栓和切栓治疗急性大面积肺栓塞的临床疗效和安全性。方法对19例急性大面积肺栓塞患者，采用下腔静脉滤器置入、肺动脉导管碎栓和静脉溶栓加低分子肝素抗凝治疗，19例中4例加用了Straub Rotarex导管血栓旋切术。结果19例共行21次治疗。18例经介入治疗后胸闷、紫绀症状均明显改善，肺动脉中央分支血流恢复通畅，血氧饱和度由术前平均86％（74％～96％）上升到治疗后的平均97％（94％～100％）。肺动脉压力从术前的（334-5）mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）下降到术后的（254-5）mmHg（t=13．2，P〈0．01）。l例双侧肺动脉主干大块血栓栓塞的患者，介入治疗无效，后经胸外科手术取栓未能成功，患者死亡。4例成功地采用了Straub Rotarex旋切治疗肺动脉血栓，未出现并发症。结论采用导管碎栓和血栓旋切等介入技术联合静脉溶栓抗凝治疗，是治疗急性大面积肺动脉栓塞的有效而且安全的方法。     

急性大面积肺动脉栓塞的介入治疗及疗效评价

目的 评价经血管栓子祛除术治疗急性大面积肺动脉栓塞的疗效和安全性.方法 对12例经CT肺血管造影或血管造影证实为大面积肺动脉栓塞患者,经肺动脉行传统介入器材碎栓、吸栓及局部溶栓联合治疗,观察临床症状、体征,血气分析及血流动力学改变,肺动脉开通情况以及有无并发症.结果 介入治疗后血管开通良好、症状即刻缓解9例,2例术后数天内症状逐步好转.PaO2术前(54.92±6.17)mmHg,术后达(90.91±1.62)mmHg,SaO2术前(85.17±8.39)%,术后达(95.75±1.96)%,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01),休克指数明显下降(1.26±0.18/0.67±0.14,P<0.01),Miller评分明显降低(21.75±4.35/13.83±5.69,P=0.0001),mPAP显著下降[(35.59±7.68)mmHg/(30.04±7.93)mm Hg,P=0.001].1例因栓塞面积大,术后3 d死亡,术后并发脑出血1例,3 d后死亡.结论 经肺动脉行血管祛栓综合治疗急性大面积肺动脉栓塞是一种安全有效的方法 .     

急性肺栓塞的CTA表现及综合介入治疗

目的分析急性肺栓塞(PE)的64层螺旋CTA表现及介入综合治疗的临床疗效。方法收集我院2014年6月~2017年1月收治的57例急性PE患者的临床资料,回顾性分析急性PE CTA的直接、间接征象;对所有PE患者急诊行肺动脉造影,造影确诊后行下腔静脉滤器植入、肺动脉置管溶栓、机械碎栓、负压吸栓等综合治疗。疗效评价指标包括临床症状体征、血管再通情况、氧分压、血氧饱和度、肺动脉压及血管栓塞程度Miller评分。结果 57例PE患者CTA均诊断明确,显示了栓子的大小、位置、数目及栓塞程度。充盈缺损影为PE直接征象,间接征象有肺纹理稀疏、肺动脉扩张、肺梗死及胸腔积液等。53例患者(53/57,93%)手术成功,患者呼吸困难、胸闷、胸痛、咳嗽、咯血等症状好转,肺动脉压、血氧饱和度、血氧分压及Miller评分均显著改善(均P0.01)。另有4例(4/57,7%)因病情危重死亡。结论 64层螺旋CTA能对急性PE进行准确的诊断和病情评估,急性PE的综合介入治疗是安全、有效的,能显著改善患者症状、降低死亡率。     

机械祛栓治疗急性肺动脉栓塞的实验研究

目的实验性比较经导管机械祛栓、经导管肺动脉内局部溶栓和经导管机械祛栓联合局部溶栓治疗急性肺动脉栓塞疗效和安全性。方法28只杂种犬经数字法随机分为4组,机械祛栓治疗组、局部溶栓治疗组、机械祛栓联合局部溶栓治疗组和对照组(CTL组)各7只。用犬的自体血栓建立急性肺动脉栓塞模型,分别采用经导管予机械祛栓(helix thrombectomy device,HTD)、尿激酶(UK)局部溶栓、机械祛栓联合尿激酶及生理盐水治疗。监测肺动脉平均压(PAMP)、主动脉收缩压(SBP)、血气及肺动脉造影情况。术后取动物肺组织行病理检查。结果在各组中,治疗后PAMP在30min时,CTL组为(33.5±3.38)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),UK组为(29.00±3.96)mm Hg,HTD组为(29.39±3.17)mm Hg,HTD+UK组为(25.24±3.04)mm Hg(q=6.88,P=0.002);60min时,CTL组为(33.19±3.54)mm Hg,UK组为(28.79±3.96)mm Hg,HTD组为(24.44±3.70)mm Hg,HTD+UK组为(23.57±4.57)mm Hg(q=8.73,P=0.000);120min时,CTL组为(31.50±3.75)mm Hg,UK组为(26.43±4.04)mm Hg,HTD组为(22.00±3.62)mm Hg,HTD+UK组为(17.86±3.26)mm Hg(q=17.78,P=0.000)。治疗后30、60和120min与对照组同时相的PAMP相比均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HTD组于治疗后120min与UK组同时相PAMP相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HTD+UK组治疗后30min和120min较UK组和HTD组同时相的PAMP降低更为明显(P<0.05);治疗60min与UK组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后的肺动脉造影表现为阻塞的肺动脉血流完全或不完全再通;充盈缺损减小;相应肺组织血流完全或不完全恢复。病理检查:(1)对照组:所见栓塞部位与肺动脉造影结果一致。光学显微镜下,肺动脉血管内可见血栓,肺组织大片出血灶,部分肺泡腔内大量红细胞。(2)治疗组:肺出血轻,肺泡腔内少量红细胞。HTD操作的相应肺动脉内膜轻微损伤。结论HTD消融器祛栓联合局部溶栓的疗效明显优于单独经导管肺动脉内局部溶栓或HTD消融器祛栓治疗,具较高的安全性。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.