黑龙江中俄边境地区莱姆病螺旋体的主要动物宿主及媒介生物调查

目的调查中俄边境地区鼠及蜱的种类、分布,鼠体幼、若蜱寄生情况,蜱携带莱姆病螺旋体的情况,为莱姆病的防控提供科学依据。方法鼠夹法捕鼠,布旗法捕蜱,直接免疫荧光法检测蜱中肠带菌率。结果黑龙江中俄边境口岸莱姆病主要贮存宿主鼠的种类为1目3科8属10种,姬鼠属为优势属．黑线姬鼠为优势种。不同鼠体幼、若蜱寄生情况不同,其中大林姬鼠和黑线姬鼠幼、若蜱寄生率较高,分别为41．8％和40．8％。幼、若蜱寄生指数以花鼠最高,黑线姬鼠次之,分别为8．4和4.3。黑龙江中俄边境地区蜱的种类为1科3属4种。不同生态环境蜱的分布不同,各口岸蜱的优势种不同,全沟硬蜱带莱姆病螺旋体率较高,平均为21．7％。森林硬蜱和嗜群血蜱的带菌率较低,平均为2．4％和3．3％,日本血蜱中没有检出阳性者。结论中俄边境地区有5种鼠,即黑线姬鼠、大林姬鼠、棕背鼠平、褐家鼠、小家鼠为中国莱姆病螺旋体的动物宿主。中俄边境地区莱姆病的主要传播媒介是全沟硬蜱。为莱姆病的防控提供了科学依据。     

山东省沂蒙山区莱姆病自然疫源地调查

目的 :调查山东省沂蒙山区莱姆病自然疫源地。方法 :1992～ 1999年设点 ,用间接免疫荧光抗体试验进行人群莱姆病感染调查 ;用直接免疫荧光抗体法进行蜱中肠带螺旋体率调查 ;取鼠的肾脏、膀胱分离病原。结果 :沂蒙山区人群莱姆病平均感染率为 7.50 % ,林区人群感染率明显高于非林区人群 ;该地区蜱类以长角血蜱为优势种 ,该蜱中肠携带莱姆病螺旋体率为 12 .0 % ,从86组长角血蜱培养物中获得 2株莱姆病螺旋体。结论 :从病原学上证实沂蒙山区为莱姆病自然疫源地     

全沟硬蜱经期传播莱姆病螺旋体的研究

目的：研究全沟硬蜱经期传播莱姆病螺旋体的能力。方法：以莱姆病螺旋体感染的KM鼠作为宿主动物，利用培养和PCR方法检测全沟硬蜱对吸血感染的莱姆病螺旋体的保持能力以及蜕化后若蜱对敏感动物的感染能力。结果：全沟硬蜱幼蜱攻击感染KM鼠后获得97.5%的阳性感染，并能保持所感染的莱姆病螺旋体至若蜱。幼蜱蜕化后,45.0%的若蜱仍携带姆病螺旋体并可通过叮咬感染敏感KM鼠。结论：全沟硬蜱具备经期传播莱姆病螺旋体的能力。     

密云地区莱姆病螺旋体宿主动物和传播媒介感染状况调查

目的了解密云地区莱姆病宿主动物和传播媒介的感染情况,以及宿主动物的分布情况和传播媒介蜱的季节消长规律,为密云地区莱姆病的防制提供科学依据。方法采用布旗法捕蜱,用倒置显微镜观察蜱的形态,对蜱进行鉴定。采用夹夜法捕鼠;用BSKII培养基对蜱和鼠标本进行病原分离。采用巢式聚合酶链反应（PCR）对蜱和鼠进行病原学检测。羊血清莱姆病抗体检测采用间接免疫荧光抗体法。结果密云地区捕获的蜱均为长角血蜱,其消长曲线具有明显的季节性,巢式PCR检测蜱带菌率为10．16％;黑线姬鼠和北社鼠是该地区优势鼠种,巢式PCR检测鼠带菌率为4．26％;当地放养山羊血清学检测阳性率为12．00％。结论在蜱和鼠中均检测到莱姆病螺旋体的特异片段,表明密云地区可能为莱姆病自然疫源地。     

福建省蜱类和鼠类的莱姆病调查及首次分离出4株莱姆病螺旋体

从福建省北部莱姆病感染率较高及已发现病人的林区捕获一批家、野鼠类,从鼠体收集到一批蜱类(硬蜱、血蜱),取蜱中肠和鼠肾脏分别接种BSKII培养基,结果共分离出4株莱姆病螺旋体——伯氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia burgdorferi)。从粒形硬蜱和社鼠分离出莱姆病螺旋体在国内外属首次报告。     

吉林省长白及通化县莱姆病流行病学调查

目的了解吉林省长白及通化县林区人群、生物媒介蜱和宿主动物鼠的莱姆病螺旋体感染情况。方法在长白及通化县林区采集人群血清,并随机选择采样点进行捕蜱、捕鼠。采用间接免疫荧光法（IFA）检测血清,巢式PCR对蜱、鼠标本进行病原学检测,并通过基因测序方法确定基因型。同时蜱、鼠标本接种BSK培养基进行病原分离培养。结果从长白及通化县检查到人群血清莱姆病抗体IgG阳性率,长白县为12.04%（36/299）,通化县为9.35%（23/246）;蜱的带菌率,长白县为27.08%（39/144）,通化县为20.41%（20/98）;鼠的带菌率,长白及通化县均为10.00%（4/40,1/10）。通过序列同源性分析确定蜱和鼠携带的莱姆病螺旋体基因型存在Borrelia garinii。结论从血清学上证实长白及通化林区人群存在莱姆病螺旋体的感染,从病原学上证实全沟硬蜱和黑线姬鼠是当地莱姆病螺旋体的重要传播媒介和宿主。     

山东省莱姆病地理流行病学研究

目的调查山东省莱姆病地理分布、媒介生物、动物宿主及病原分离情况,为今后防治提供依据。方法采用间接免疫荧光抗体试验(IFA)对6个调查点的人群进行莱姆病抗体检测;用直接免疫荧光抗体试验(DFA)检查优势蜱种及其携带莱姆病螺旋体情况,并用BSKⅡ培养基分离培养莱姆病螺旋体。宿主调查采用DFA检查鼠肾。用单克隆抗体和IFA进行菌株的鉴定。结果共检测血清1934份,阳性121份,感染率6.26%;鲁东、鲁南、鲁中、鲁西北感染率分别为5.76%、7.03%、0、9.81%;各年龄组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);男性感染率为5.56%,女性为6.98%,两者间差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.67,P>0.05);山东省蜱类的优势种为长角血蜱,该蜱中肠带螺旋体率为12.00%;宿主动物调查显示,鼠类带莱姆病螺旋体率为13.26%,黑线姬鼠为优势种(占45.65%),带菌率高为14.24%。从86组培养物中分离到2株莱姆病螺旋体(TSH1、TSH2)。结论不同地区生态环境和传播媒介分布不同,各地区间莱姆病感染程度差别很大。长角血蜱可能为山东省莱姆病的重要生物媒介。     

浙江省首次在蜱中检测到莱姆病螺旋体DNA片段

目的：了解蜱、鼠中自然感染莱姆病螺旋体的状况。方法：用PCR法检测鼠类脾脏和蜱类中莱姆病DNA片段。结果：在浙江省金华市金东区及丽水市青田县捕到蜱215只。分别在微小牛蜱和长角血蜱中各检到阳性1份，阳性率为0．93％。结论：初步认为浙江省存在莱姆病病原，尚需进一步调查和病原分离加以证实。     

山东省莱姆病螺旋体的首次分离与鉴定

分离与鉴定莱姆病螺旋体.方法：1996年在山东省费县塔山林场，对莱姆病螺旋体的主要媒介蜱进行调查，用布旗法共采集蜱900只，均为长角血蜱。结果：对50只进行中肠带螺旋体检查，带螺旋体率为12％（6／50）。从86组（850余只）长角血蜱中分离到2株螺旋体（TSH1、TSH3）。该螺旋体对H5332和H9724单克隆抗体呈阳性反应，对H6831单克隆抗体呈阴性反应，证实为莱姆病螺旋体。结论：山东省从长角血蜱中分离到莱姆病螺旋体尚属首次，且首次从病原学上证实山东省林区存在莱姆病疫源地。     

首次调查发现山东省存在莱姆病自然疫源地

目的：调查山东省的莱姆病自然疫源地。方法：于１９９２￣１９９９年,在山东省的山林地区设点,用间接免疫荧光抗体试验进行人群莱姆病感染调查,结合流行病学史,临床表现和实验室检查结果进行莱姆病病例诊断;对主要媒介蜱进行调查,用布旗法采集蜱类、分类鉴定,直接免疫荧光抗体法进行中肠带螺旋体率的调查,用ＢＳＫ培养基分离病原,宿主动物调查,用鼠笼和鼠夹捕获鼠类,分类,解剖,取明脏,膀胱等,用ＢＳＫ培养基分离病原     

陕西省莱姆病自然疫源地调查研究

目的调查了解陕西省莱姆病自然疫源地。方法人群莱姆病螺旋体血清抗体检查,采用间接免疫荧光法(IFA);莱姆病患者,采用个案调查;蜱样,采用拖旗法采集;莱姆病螺旋体检测,采用巢式PCR法;莱姆病螺旋体基因分型,采用RFLP法。结果通过血清流行病学调查,陕西省富县张家湾镇、南郑县碑坝、陇县八渡镇3个农林地区人群莱姆病螺旋体自然感染率分别为8.33%(6/113)、8.88%(3/36)和7.51%(4/45)(P0.05),发现莱姆病患者14例,蜱类以嗜群血蜱和达吉克斯坦革蜱为优势种,检测蜱样1 116只。检测出阳性138只,总阳性率为12.35%。物种的阳性率分别为嗜群血蜱30.06%(107/356),达吉克斯坦革蜱3.88%(29/747),日本血蜱15.38%(2/13);检测出阳性蜱样138只,其中嗜群血蜱107只,84只为伽氏疏螺旋体基因型,23只为阿弗西尼疏螺旋体基因型;达吉克斯坦革蜱29只,24只为伽氏疏螺旋体基因型,5只为阿弗西尼疏螺旋体基因型;日本血蜱2只,均为伽氏疏螺旋体基因型。结论研究提示陕西省富县张家湾镇、南郑县碑坝、陇县八渡镇3个农林地区存在莱姆病自然疫源地。     

江苏省蜱及其携带莱姆病螺旋体初步调查

目的：了解我省莱姆病主要传播媒介蜱的种类、分布、消长及其携带莱姆病螺旋体情况。方法：在山区、林区用布旗法及动物体外捕捉法收集蜱，并进行病原体分离。结果：我省长江南北均有蜱存在，隶属１科２属４种；蜱密度有明显季节性，４月初出现，５～６月为高峰，８月逐渐下降，至１０月下旬消失；蜱研磨培养２５组５０管，３个月定期镜检，未发现莱姆病螺旋体。结论：我省蜱的莱姆病传播媒介和贮存宿主作用尚不能定论     

Epidemiological and aetiological evidence for transmission of Lyme disease by adult Ixodes persulcatus in an endemic area in China

Involvement of adult Ixodes persulcatus ticks in the transmission of Lyme disease in Hailin County, Heilongjiang Province, China, is reported. In 1986 from April through August adult I. persulcatus was the dominant tick in this endemic area with an infection rate of 43% for the Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi. The incidence of Lyme disease cases presenting the symptom of erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) within this area was correlated with the seasonal abundance of adult I. persulcatus and the number of people bitten by ticks. The frequency of ECM formation in all age groups varied and was associated with the frequency of tick bites. In addition, a strain of B. burgdorferi was isolated from a pool of six female I. persulcatus collected from this area. We demonstrate that the seasonal abundance of adult I. persulcatus and its frequent attachment to humans result in the spring and summer transmission of Lyme disease in this endemic area. The role of immature I. persulcatus in Lyme disease transmission is apparently minimal.     

A focus of Lyme disease in Monmouth County, New Jersey

An endemic focus of Lyme disease is present in Colt's Neck, Howell, Freehold, and Wall Townships in Monmouth County, New Jersey. Cases of Lyme disease have occurred in this area from 1978 to 1982. Fifty-seven of the 117 persons (49%) who acquired their infection in New Jersey from 1978 to 1982 live or work in these four townships, whose population of 82,491 is only 1.1% of the population of the entire state. Thirty persons who contracted Lyme disease were exposed to ticks at the Naval Weapons Station, Earle, which is located within Colt's Neck and Howell Townships. The annual incidence rate for persons stationed at or working on this military facility in 1981 and 1982 was about 1%. At Naval Weapons Station, Earle, persons working outdoors in 1981-1982 were at higher risk than those working indoors.     

天津市蓟县莱姆病流行情况调查

目的 了解天津市蓟县莱姆病的流行病学特征.方法 采用间接免疫荧光试验对该县居民进行血清流行病学调查,并用PCR方法和病原分离培养对临床确诊的莱姆病患者进行病原检测.结果 天津市蓟县人群莱姆病感染率为5.97％,学生感染率为5.28％.山区和半山区感染率高于平原地区;40-49岁年龄组感染率最高.经临床和血清学诊断为莱姆病患者25例,其主要临床表现为关节炎、慢性游走性红斑、面神经麻痹、多发性神经炎、脑膜炎和心脏损害等.收集25例患者的尿液,进行PCR检测,1例阳性.从1例多发性神经炎患者血液中分离出莱姆病螺旋体.结论 首次从天津地区莱姆病患者分离到莱姆病螺旋体.天津蓟县人群中有莱姆病的发生和流行,可能存在莱姆病的自然疫源地,为莱姆病防治提供依据.     

啮齿动物自然感染莱姆病螺旋体的分子流行病学研究

目的调查了解甘肃省迭部林区啮齿动物自然感染莱姆病螺旋体的状况。方法采集啮齿动物样本,采用PCR检测啮齿动物体内携带的莱姆病螺旋体。结果调查采获500只啮齿动物,共计8属12种。对12种500只啮齿动物采用PCR扩增检测,检出莱姆病螺旋体阳性109只,总阳性率21.18%。其中小林姬鼠自然感染莱姆病螺旋体最高,阳性率为51.69%(46/89);大林姬鼠次之,阳性率为38.18%(21/55);社鼠和黑线姬鼠居第三位,阳性率分别为13.33%(36/270)和11.11%(3/27);鼩鼱和长尾仓鼠检出莱姆病螺旋体阳性最低,阳性率分别为8.33%(1/12)和6.06%(2/33)。棕背鼠平、黑线仓鼠、根田鼠、褐家鼠、大仓鼠和甘肃鼠兔未有检出莱姆病螺旋体。结论甘肃省迭部林区啮齿动物中存在莱姆病螺旋体自然感染。     

宁波口岸蜱类及莱姆病病原体携带情况的调查研究

目的掌握宁波口岸蜱的种群特征和莱姆病病原携带情况。方法采用人工小时布旗法采蜱,用PCR法检测蜱类中携带的莱姆病DNA片段。结果采集蜱872只,隶属于1科3属3种,分别为中华硬蜱、长角血蜱、镰形扇头蜱,其中长角血蜱占97.36%,为优势种;3-9月均可捕获蜱,3-6月为高峰期,7月下旬种群数量开始急剧减少;莱姆病螺旋体DNA片段检测均呈阴性。结论查清宁波口岸蜱的种群结构,宁波口岸尚无莱姆病自然疫源地的证据。     

Risk factors for Lyme disease: A scale-dependent effect of host species diversity and a consistent negative effect of host phylogenetic diversity

Biodiversity can influence disease risk. One example of a diversity-disease relationship is the dilution effect, which suggests higher host species diversity (often indexed by species richness) reduces disease risk. While numerous studies support the dilution effect, its generality remains controversial. Most studies of diversity-disease relationships have overlooked the potential importance of phylogenetic diversity. Furthermore, most studies have tested diversity-disease relationships at one spatial scale, even though such relationships are likely scale dependent. Using Lyme disease as a model system, we investigated the effects of host species richness and phylogenetic relatedness on the number of reported Lyme disease cases in humans in the U.S.A. at two spatial scales (the county level and the state level) using piecewise structural equation modelling. We also accounted for relevant climatic and habitat-related factors and tested their correlations with the number of Lyme disease cases. We found that species assemblages with more related species (i.e., host species in the order Rodentia) were associated with more Lyme disease cases in humans. Host species richness correlated negatively with the number of Lyme disease cases at the state level (i.e., a dilution effect), a pattern that might be explained by the higher number of reservoir-incompetent species at high levels of species richness at this larger spatial scale. In contrast, a positive correlation was found between species richness and the number of Lyme disease cases at the county level, where a higher proportion of rodent species was associated with higher levels of species richness, potentially amplifying the disease risk. Our results highlight that analyse at a single spatial scale can miss some impacts of biodiversity on human health. Thus, multi-scale analyses with consideration of host phylogenetic diversity are critical for improving our understanding of diversity-disease relationships.     

Making sense of unfamiliar risks in the countryside: the case of Lyme disease

The focus of this paper is on how popular representations of the countryside provide countryside users with a discursive framework to make sense of unfamiliar countryside-based risks, taking Lyme disease as an example. Sixty-six semi-structured interviews were conducted with 82 visitors in Richmond Park, New Forest, and Exmoor National Park in the UK. The data were analysed using thematic analysis and was informed by social representations theory. The analysis indicated that a lay understanding of the risk of Lyme disease was filtered by place-attachment and the social representations of the countryside. Lyme disease was not understood primarily as a risk to health, but was instead constructed as a risk to the social and restorative practices in the context of the countryside. The findings suggest that advice about zoonoses such as Lyme disease is unlikely to cause panic, and that it should focus on the least intrusive preventative measures.     

长白山区莱姆病调查与实验室分析

目的：了解长白山区莱姆病传播媒介－全沟硬埤的地理位置,分布及其病原携带情况。方法：用酶联免疫吸附试验,间接免疫荧光试验检测莱姆病特异IgG抗体,结果：长白山区抓捕的620只硬蜱,全沟硬蜱为593只,占总数的95．80％,用BSK培养基33度培养,分纯后共获得纯阳性和伯氏疏螺旋体培养物243株,用免疫抗美国B31特异性多克隆抗体和针对莱姆病螺旋体种属特异单克隆抗体,间接免疫荧光荧光抗体试验进行鉴定,证明其单克隆抗体反应与美国菌株稍有差异,与国内分离株M7相同,血检826人,IgG,IgM大于等于1：128（抗体滴度）有49例,阳性率为5．93％,IgG,IgM大于等于1：64（抗体滴度）有82例;二项合计为15．85％,结论：长白山区是莱姆病重要疫源地,人群中有莱姆病感染存在,并有莱姆病发生。