血脂康和辛伐他汀对高胆固醇血症调脂作用的比较

目的研究血脂康对高胆固醇血症患者的调脂作用并与辛伐他汀比较。方法２８例高胆固醇血症患者随机分为两组，服药前及服药后４、８周测定血脂。结果（１）服药后４周ＴＣ分别降低了２０７％和２２５％（Ｐ值均＜０００１）；血脂康降低血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬＣ）作用与辛伐他汀相似，ＬＤＬＣ水平分别降低了２８２％和３３％（Ｐ值均＜００１）；（２）血脂康明显降低１７４％的血清ＴＧ水平（Ｐ＜００５）；（３）服血脂康和辛伐他汀４周后，载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）Ａ１却分别增加了１２７％和１３６％（Ｐ值均＜００１）；ＡｐｏＢ水平均下降了８％左右（Ｐ＜００５）；分别使脂蛋白（ａ）［Ｌｐ（ａ）］水平降低了３１３％（Ｐ＜００１）和２７８％（Ｐ＜００５）；（４）除了治疗８周后Ｌｐ（ａ）水平进一步下降外，两种药物治疗８周后的调脂作用与４周比较无明显差异。结论血脂康能显著降低Ⅱａ和Ⅱｂ型高胆固醇血症患者血清ＴＣ和ＬＤＬＣ，其作用与辛伐他汀相等；血脂康降低ＴＧ作用优于辛伐他汀     

血脂康治疗高脂血症的临床观察

目的：观察血脂康治疗高脂血症的疗效及安全性。方法：１２１例高脂血症患者随机分成两组。第１组９１例，每例服血脂康胶囊４粒／天；第２组３０例，每例服绞股兰６片／天，疗程均为８周。结果：治疗８周后与治疗前相比，在血脂康组，血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高１２．８％（Ｐ＜０．００１），血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、（总胆固醇－高密度脂蛋白胆固醇）／高密度脂蛋白胆固醇〔（ＴＣ－ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ〕的比值分别下降２３．７％、３０．３％、３１．２％及３１．６％（Ｐ均＜０．００１）。在绞股兰组，上述指标未见明显改变。在降低血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、（总胆固醇－高密度脂蛋白胆固醇）／高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的比值方面，血脂康明显优于绞股兰（Ｐ＜０．００１）。在升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇上，血脂康虽优于绞股兰，但两组间未见有统计学意义的差异。血脂康组中原有慢性胃炎的１例服药后胃痛加重而退出治疗，其余均未见有临床意义的副作用。结论：血脂康是一种安全、有效而易于耐受的血脂调节药。     

大豆低聚糖对高脂大鼠脂质过氧化的影响

大豆低聚糖对实验性大鼠高脂血症的防治研究结果证明：能降低血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）（Ｐ＜０．０５），提高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）（Ｐ＜０．００１），提高ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ比值（Ｐ＜０．００１），降低血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）水平（Ｐ＜０．００１）；降低心肌组织过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）水平（Ｐ＜０．０１），提高心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性（Ｐ＜０．０１），有抑制脑组织过氧化损伤的趋势。结果提示：大豆低聚糖具有降低高脂大鼠血脂水平，拮抗过氧化损伤的作用。     

爱康利胶囊对喂饲高脂饲料大鼠血脂的影响

以０．３７５、０．７５、１５０ｇ／ｋｇ·ｂｗ３个剂量的爱康利胶囊内容物，给予喂饲高脂饲料的大鼠灌胃４周，在第１４天和２８天检测动物血清ＴＣ、ＴＧ和ＨＤＬ－Ｃ值。结果表明：与对照组相比，各剂量组均使血清ＴＧ值明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），高剂量组的ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ比值明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），且呈量效关系。提示爱康利胶囊有明显降低血清ＴＧ、升高ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ比值的作用，对防治心血管疾病具有一定的效果。     

降脂抗栓灵治疗高血脂症及脂肪肝100例临床观察

目的观察降脂抗栓灵治疗高血脂症的疗效及安全性。方法１００例高血脂症患者随机分成两组，第１组８０例，每例服降脂抗栓灵每日９片。第２组２０例，服γ月见草油每日９粒。疗程均为８ｗ。结果治疗８ｗ后与治疗前相比，降脂抗栓灵组，血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬＣ）水平升高１４８％（Ｐ＜０００１）；血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬＣ），甘油三酯（ＴＧ），（ＴＣ－ＨＤＬＣ）／ＨＤＬＣ的比值分别下降２４７％，３０６％，３１４％及３１９％（Ｐ均＜０００１）。在γ月见草油组上述指标未见明显改变。在降低血清ＴＣ，ＬＤＬＣ，ＴＧ和（ＴＣ－ＨＤＣＣ）／ＨＤＣＣ比值方面，降脂抗栓灵明显优于γ月见草油（Ｐ＜０００１）；在升高血清ＨＤＣＣ方面，降脂抗栓灵虽优于γ月见草油，但未见统计学差异。结论降脂抗栓灵是一种安全有效而易耐受的血脂调节药。     

力平脂治疗高脂血症的临床观察

报告对１５３例高脂血症患者以力平脂治疗１００例，潘特生治疗５３例。于服力平脂４和８周后分别检测有关指标，总胆固醇（ＴＣ）分别下降２０％、２３％；甘油三酯（ＴＧ）下降５５％、５９％；低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）下降２０％、２３％；高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬＣ）升高２８％、３８％；ＴＣＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值下降３１％。前后对比差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．００１）。其中１５例重度高ＴＧ血症（ＴＧ≥５．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ），服力平脂８周后，ＴＧ值下降７．２±３．３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ下降率为７４．０％，显示其降ＴＧ尤为显著。服药前ＴＧ值越高，治疗后下降越显著。力平脂还可使载脂蛋白Ａ（ａｐｏ－Ａ１）升高，为１５％（４周）、１８％（８周）；ａｐｏ－Ａ１／ａｐｏ－Ｂ比值分别上升４６％、４８％；ａｐｏ－８分别下降１５％、１７％。力平脂组部分病例的ＡＬＴ轻度升高，但为可逆性，其余尚未发现明显副作用。     

美百乐镇治疗高脂血症的临床观察

本试验采用多中心随机双盲安慰剂对照临床实验方法，观察了美百乐镇对高脂血症的治疗效果。结果表明美白乐镇可明显降低高脂血症患者血清胆固醇水平（Ｐ＜０．０００１），总有效率达７７．３％；并明显降低血低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及ＴＣ—ＨＤＬ—Ｃ／ＨＤＬ—Ｃ（Ｐ＜０．０００１）；轻度改善血甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）水平；且副作用小。     

陈旧性心肌梗塞者血胆固醇低水平的临床意义

本文观察了１９８例老年及老年前期陈旧性心肌梗塞患者的血脂质和载脂蛋白的变化，重点探讨血胆固醇不高患者的致病因素，特别是脂蛋白（ａ）〔Ｌｐ（ａ）〕的临床意义。结果显示，Ｉ组（ＴＣ＞３．８８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ和ＡｐｏＢ水平均高于Ⅱ组（ＴＣ≤３．８８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１），但Ｌｐ（ａ）水平却明显低于Ⅱ组（Ｐ＜０．０５），高脂蛋白血症［Ｌｐ（ａ）＞０．３ｇ／Ｌ］的发生率也明显低于Ⅱ组（２７．４％比４８．２％）。ＨＤＬ－Ｃ和ＡｐｏＡ１水平在２组间无显著差异。由此提示，Ｌｐ（ａ）作为心肌梗塞的危险因素，可能不依赖于ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ而发挥作用。因此对血胆固醇不高的心肌梗塞患者应特别注意监测Ｌｐ（ａ）水平，在心肌梗塞后的二级预防中对于高脂蛋白血症者宜采取适当措施。     

甘油三酯／高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值对老年冠心病诊断价值的 …

探讨甘油三酯／高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＴＧ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）比值对老年冠心病（ＣＨＤ）的诊断价值。方法：分极３４２例选择性冠状动脉造影（冠脉造影）确诊的老年ＣＨＤ患者（ＣＨＤ组）及９６例冠脉造影阴性老年人（对照组）的ＴＧ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值水平与ＣＨＤ之间的关系。结果：ＣＨＤ组患者的ＴＧ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ比值水平及异常率均明显高于对照组（２．５４&;#177;１．２９比１．３２&;#177;１．１６，Ｐ〈０．００１，３５．６％比１３．７％     

比较不同剂量氟伐代和普伐他汀治疗原发性高胆固醇…

采用随机、双盲、平行对照方式，比较氟伐他汀４０－８０ｍｇ／ｄ，（Ａ组３３例）和普伐他汀２０－４０ｍｇ／ｄ（Ｂ组３５例）治疗原发性高胆固醇血症１２周后的疗效和安全性。结果：Ａ组服药１２周后，血清ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ水平与Ｏ周时比较分别降低１８．４％，２４．７％和１１．７％；Ｂ组分别降低２１．０％、３１．５％和２７．５％。Ａ组和Ｂ组服药１２周时降低ＴＣ的总有效率分别为７７．４％和８２％。     

血脂康治疗原发性高脂血症的临床研究

目的：评价血脂康治疗原发性高脂血症的临床疗效。方法：用随机、对照的方法将１１８例原发性高脂血症患者按３１的比例分为口服血脂康组（０．６ｇ／次，每日２次）８８例，口服绞股兰组（绞股兰总甙６０ｍｇ／次，每日２次）３０例，疗程为８周。结果：与服药前比较，服血脂康８周后血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白Ｂ分别下降了２４．１％、３０．１％、３２．５％、１８．０％（Ｐ均＜０．０１），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白ＡＩ分别上升了２５．０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）、４．９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。血脂康降低胆固醇、升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的作用优于绞股兰。观察过程中未见明显毒副作用。结论：血脂康是一种安全有效的血脂调节剂。     

血脂康对实验性家兔动脉粥样硬化形成及其脂质过氧化损伤的影响

目的：探讨血脂康对实验性家兔动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ）的形成及其脂质过氧化损伤的影响。方法：将纯种新西兰白兔采用随机分层分组法分为３组，即对照组、高脂组和治疗组。以高胆固醇饮食建立家兔动脉粥样硬化模型观察各组家兔血脂、血浆过氧化脂质、超氧化物歧化酶及主动脉、冠状动脉的病理改变。结果：血脂康能明显降低高胆固醇饮食家兔血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量（Ｐ＜０．０５），轻度增加血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量（Ｐ＞０．０５），明显地抑制血浆过氧化脂质的形成（Ｐ＜０．０５）及超氧化物歧化酶含量的降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；抑制肝脏、肾脏过氧化脂质的形成及超氧化物歧化酶含量的降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。治疗组主动脉硬化斑块面积与动脉总面积比值明显降低，泡沫细胞层数明显减少，主动脉及冠状动脉病变明显减轻。结论：血脂康具有明显的调整血脂、抑制高胆固醇饮食家兔动脉粥样硬化形成及其脂质过氧化损伤的作用     

绝经后冠心病患者及正常妇女尼尔雌醇替代治疗的观察

】     

Once-daily pravastatin in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia: a dose-response study

This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate dose-response effects and safety of once-daily administration of pravastatin, a new inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Pravastatin 5, 10, 20, 40 mg or placebo was administered at bedtime to 150 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia inadequately controlled on a low-fat, low-cholesterol (AHA Phase I) diet. After 8 weeks of treatment, pravastatin produced dose-dependent reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of 19.2 to 34.1% (p less than or equal to .001 vs. baseline and placebo) and reductions in total cholesterol of 14.3 to 25.1% (p less than or equal to .01 to p less than or equal to .001 vs. placebo and p less than or equal to .001 vs. baseline). The relationship between the loge dose of pravastatin and decrease in LDL cholesterol was linear (p less than 0.002). High-density-lipoprotein cholesterol increased up to 11.7% and triglycerides decreased by as much as 23.9%. Pravastatin was well tolerated; no patient withdrew from the study as a consequence of treatment-related adverse events. Despite its relatively short serum half-life of approximately 2 h, once-daily administration of pravastatin provides a safe and effective means of reducing elevated LDL and total cholesterol.     

Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of commiphora mukul as an adjunct to dietary therapy in patients with hypercholesterolemia

Summary The effects of the administration of 50 mg of guggulipid or placebo capsules twice daily for 24 weeks were compared as adjuncts to a fruit- and vegetable-enriched prudent diet in the management of 61 patients with hypercholesterolemia (31 in the guggulipid group and 30 in the placebo group) in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Guggulipid decreased the total cholesterol level by 11.7%, the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) by 12.5%, triglycerides by 12.0%, and the total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio by 11.1% from the postdiet levels, whereas the levels were unchanged in the placebo group. The HDL cholesterol level showed no changes in the two groups. The lipid peroxides, indicating oxidative stress, declined 33.3% in the guggulipid group without any decrease in the placebo group. The compliance of patients was greater than 96%. The combined effect of diet and guggulipid at 36 weeks was as great as the reported lipid-lowering effect of modern drugs. After a washout period of another 12 weeks, changes in blood lipoproteins were reversed in the guggulipid group without such changes in the placebo group. Side effects of guggulipid were headache, mild nausea, eructation, and hiccup in a few patients.     

Effects of calcium supplementation on serum lipid concentrations in normal older women: a randomized controlled trial

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of supplementation with calcium citrate on circulating lipid concentrations in normal older women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: As part of a study of the effects of calcium supplementation on fractures, we randomly assigned 223 postmenopausal women (mean [+/- SD] age, 72 +/- 4 years), who were not receiving therapy for hyperlipidemia or osteoporosis, to receive calcium (1 g/d, n = 111) or placebo (n = 112) for 1 year. Fasting serum lipid concentrations, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, were obtained at baseline, and at 2, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: After 12 months, HDL cholesterol levels and the HDL cholesterol to LDL cholesterol ratio had increased more in the calcium group than in the placebo group (mean between-group differences in change from baseline: for HDL cholesterol, 0.09 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02 to 0.17; P = 0.01); for HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio, 0.05 (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.08; P = 0.001). This was largely due to a 7% increase in HDL cholesterol levels in the calcium group, with a nonsignificant 6% decline in LDL cholesterol levels. There was no significant treatment effect on triglyceride level (P = 0.48). CONCLUSION: Calcium citrate supplementation causes beneficial changes in circulating lipids in postmenopausal women. This suggests that a reappraisal of the indications for calcium supplementation is necessary, and that its cost effectiveness may have been underestimated.     

老年男性动脉粥样硬化患者雄激素与血脂水平的关系

目的　探讨老年男性动脉粥样硬化 (AS)患者内源性雄激素水平和血脂之间的关系。方法　用放射免疫法测定血清总睾酮 (TT)、游离睾酮 (FT)水平 ,用比色法测定血总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL- C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL- C)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL- C)的浓度。比较病例组与对照组各因子水平的差异 ,组内分析 FT与脂质水平的相关性。结果　病例组 FT与 HDL- C水平明显低于对照组(P<0 .0 5) ,而 L DL - C、VLDL- C、TC和 TG水平则显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5)。无论在病例组还是对照组 ,FT均与 HDL- C呈正相关 (P<0 .0 5) ,与L DL- C、TG呈负相关 (P<0 .0 5) ;在病例组 ,FT与 TC呈负相关 (P<0 .0 5)。结论　 AS患者存在低雄激素水平和脂质代谢紊乱 ,正常水平 FT可能具有延缓 AS发生、发展的生理效应 ,雄激素影响 AS进程可能与脂质代谢有关     

Serum lipids, lipoproteins and macrovascular disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetics: a possible new approach to prevention

The relationship between macrovascular disease and serum lipids, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and subfraction cholesterol, and apolipoproteins has been examined in 53 female and 95 male patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In males, those with macrovascular disease had higher serum and LDL cholesterol concentrations than those without. In females, those with macrovascular disease had higher levels of serum triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, as well as lower HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 cholesterol and apoprotein A-1, than those without. On multivariate analysis, LDL cholesterol was the most important association with macrovascular disease in males and apoprotein A-1 in females. In a subgroup of 36 patients, a double-blind placebo controlled study using bezafibrate or placebo, in addition to conventional oral hypoglycaemic therapy over 4 months, showed falls in serum and LDL cholesterol and in serum triglyceride and a rise in HDL cholesterol in the treated group. These changes should reduce the incidence of macrovascular disease in NIDDM and we suggest further prospective studies of such therapy in addition to conventional oral hypoglycaemic agents.     

冠心病患者胰岛素抵抗与血脂、载脂蛋白异常的关系

目的探讨冠心病(CHD)患者胰岛素抵抗(IR)与血脂、载脂蛋白异常的关系。方法以空腹胰岛素(FIns)／空腹葡萄糖(FBG)比值和口服葡萄糖负荷之后胰岛素曲线下面积(RIAUC)／葡萄糖曲线下面积(GAUC)比值作为IR指标,与空腹血脂、载脂蛋白进行直线相关分析。结果与正常对照组比较,冠心病组血清甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白B(apoB);FIns／FBG比值以及RIAUC、GAUC和RIAUC／GAUC比值均显著增加(P<0．05～0．001),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),HDL2-C,apoAI及apoAI／apoB比值均显著降低(P<0．05～0．001);冠心病组FIns/FBG比值和RIAUC／FBG比值均分别与TG、LDL-C和apoB呈正相关(P<0．05～0．01),与HDL2-C、apoAI和apoAI／apoB比值呈负相关(P<0．05～0．001),正常对照组与上述指标间则无相关(P>0．05)。结论CHD患者IR与血脂、载脂蛋白异常密切相关。