成年人身高与去脂组织重的关系

目的：研究成年人去脂组织重(fat-free mass，FFM)与身高之间的关系，并建立预测FFM的简单方程。方法：对955名健康成年人进行人体测量和生物电阻抗测量，按BMI分为肥胖组和非肥胖组，按年龄分别45岁以下组和45岁以上组，分析FFM与年龄和肥胖的关系。根据FFM是身高的异速生长指数的模型关系，进行非线性回归，建立指数曲线回归方程。结果：18～45岁健康成年人的身高为(1．65&;#177;0．07)m，体质量为(62．03&;#177;10．69)kg，体脂质量(11．28&;#177;6．75)kg，体脂含量(17．91&;#177;8．67)％，去脂组织含量(82．02&;#177;8．87)％，BMI(22．85&;#177;2．99)kg／m^2,而46～74岁健康成年人的相应指标为(1．62&;#177;0．08)m，体质量为(66、08&;#177;10．21)kg，体脂质量(14．56&;#177;6．44)kg，体脂含量(22．09&;#177;9．23)％，去脂组织含量(77．58&;#177;10．07)％，BMI(25．19&;#177;2．95)kg／m^2，差异有显著性意义(P&;lt;0、05)；18～45岁与46～74岁的健康人的FFM分别为(50．93&;#177;10．23)，(51．53&;#177;10．07)kg，差异无显著性意义(P&;gt;0．05)：健康成年人的FFM并不随年龄增加；非肥胖组与肥胖组的FFM也是相对不变的。预测男性FFM的适宜方程为：FFM(kg)=24．98&;#215;身高1．68，预测女性FFM的适宜方程为：FFM(kg)：22．84&;#215;身高1．42。结论：以身高为变量能估计出正常成年人FFM的近似值。     

中年男性肥胖者与体质量正常者的血压差异

目的:探讨30～40岁男性的肥胖与体质量正常者血压的差异。方法:对在特需医疗部住院查体的104例30～40岁男性患者询问病史,测身高、体质量,连续3d清晨测血压取其均值,计算收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压及体质量指数(bodymassindex,BMI)。根据BMI分为两组:BMI≥25.0kg/m2为肥胖组(n=59),BMI18.5～25.0kg/m2为正常组(n=45)。结果:肥胖组的收缩压(mmHg)、舒张压(mmHg),平均动脉压(mmHg),均高于正常组(收缩压:119.92±11.65和114.34±10.63;舒张压:79.15±8.36和74.28±8.58;平均动脉压:92.26±8.45和87.27±8.99),差异均有显著性意义(t=-2.539,-2.902,-3.104,P=0.013,0.005,0.003)。结论:对血压正常的肥胖中年男性(BMI≥25kg/m2者)应采取干预措施,控制体质量,以防止血压继续增高。     

不同营养状况COPD患者能量消耗、呼吸肌力和免疫功能的比较

目的比较不同营养状况慢性阻塞性肺病患者(COPD)的静息能量消耗(REE)、呼吸肌力量和免疫功能,探讨营养失衡对COPD预后影响的机制。方法将75例COPD患者分为营养不良组A组(体重指数BMI<18.5kg/m2)、营养正常组B组(BMI:18.5～25.0kg/m2),肥胖组C组(BMI>25.0kg/m2)3组,分别对其进行人体测量,最大呼吸肌力、免疫功能与REE测定。结果A,B,C三组REE/Wt分别为(126±25),(96±21),(88±17)kJ/(24h·kg)(P<0.05);A组祛脂群(FFM)为(41±4)kg,显著低于B组和C组,而C组脂群(FM)为(23.2±7.3)kg,占体重的(31±7)%;三组患者免疫球蛋白无明显差异,A组和C组CD4,IL-2较B组显著下降,而CD8显著上升。结论COPD营养状况与其单位体重能量消耗有关,营养不良者FFM低下,而超重者FM比例过高,营养失衡导致人体组成比例严重失调,营养不良和肥胖者细胞免疫功能明显受损。     

应用3种肥胖判定计算方法及标准对2825例成人肥胖判定结果的对比分析

目的:探讨3种肥胖判定计算方法标准的差异以及体质量指数(bodymassindex,BMI)判定标准提高后的差异。方法:入选2825例住院患者和门诊查体人员,男2446例,女379例,年龄22～81岁。测定身高和体质量。通过公式计算标准体质量、BMI和体脂含量。根据BMI>25kg/m2,BMI>27kg/m2,BMI>28kg/m2判定肥胖者例数分别为:1419,680和435例;超出标准体质量20%者649例;体脂含量男性>25%、女性>33%者639例。结果:>标准体质量20%(正常2176例,肥胖649例)和超过标准体脂含量判定肥胖与BMI>25kg/m2(正常1406例,肥胖1419例)判定肥胖比较,差异有显著性意义(χ2=452.22,465.00,P<0.005);>标准体质量20%和超过标准体脂含量判定肥胖与BMI>27kg/m2(正常2145例,肥胖680例)判定肥胖比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);>标准体质量20%和超过标准体脂含量判定肥胖均与BMI>28kg/m2(正常2390例,肥胖435例)判定肥胖比较,差异有显著性意义(χ2=52.28,47.84,P<0.005)。结论:BMI>27kg/m2判定肥胖与超重20%和亚太地区的体脂含量判定肥胖标准相符,应用BMI>27kg/m2判定肥胖可能更有应用价值。     

应用不同肥胖判定标准判定肥胖的对比分析

目的:探讨不同肥胖判定标准的差异及实际应用意义.方法:对入选441例健康体检人员分别测定身高、体重及体脂肪率,根据BMI、标准体重及体脂肪率三种不同肥胖判定方法分别计算男、女肥胖率.结果:根据BMI≥25 kg/m2、BMI≥28kg/m2、BMI≥30kg/m2判定肥胖,男性分别为197例、90例和25例,女性分别为67例、35例和17例;超出标准体重20%者,男性150例,女性78例;体脂肪率男性≥25%者128例,女性≥33%者75例.超出标准体重20%判定肥胖和体脂肪率判定肥胖,男性、女性差异均无统计学意义(P ＞ 0.05).男性超出标准体重20%和体脂肪率判定的肥胖均分别与BMI≥25 kg/m2、BMI≥28 kg/m2、BMI≥30 kg/m2判定肥胖的比较,差异均有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05);女性超出标准体重20%和体脂肪率判定的肥胖均与BMI≥25 kg/m2判定肥胖的比较,差异无统计学意义(P ＞ 0.05),与BMI≥28 kg/m2、BMI≥30 kg/m2判定肥胖的比较,差异均有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05).结论:超出标准体重20%判定肥胖与亚太地区的体脂肪率判定肥胖标准相符.     

减肥治疗对肥胖患者血糖、胰岛素的影响

随着人们生活水平的提高,生活方式的改善,肥胖成为越来越常见的临床情况。本文选择门诊就诊的单纯性肥胖患者行减肥治疗,比较治疗前后糖代谢、胰岛素水平的变化。 1 资料与方法 1.1 资料 门诊就诊单纯性肥胖患者 (排出其它内分泌疾患 )12例,男 4例,女 8例,年龄 (23± 4.6)岁,体重指数 (BMI)(27.3± 3.2)kg/m2,肥胖诊断标准为 BMI≥ 25[BMI=体重 (kg)/身高 (m2)][1]。正常对照组 7例,年龄分布与肥胖组相似。 1.2 方法 根据患者身高,工作性质,按照每日所需热卡 2 100kJ制定食谱,制定详细的运动计划,多饮水。最初每周复诊,指…     

中年男性肥胖者与体质量正常者的血压差异

目的：探讨30-40岁男性的肥胖与体质量正常者血压的差异。方法：对在特需医疗部住院查体的104例30～40岁男性患者询问病史，测身高、体质量，连续3d清晨测血压取其均值，计算收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压及体质量指数(body mass index．BMI)。根据BMl分为两组：BMl≥25．0kg／m^2为肥胖组(n=59)，BMI 18．5-25．0kg／m^2为正常组(n=45)。结果：肥胖组的收缩压(mmHg)、舒张压(mmHg)，平均动脉压(mmHg)，均高于正常组(收缩压：119．92&;#177;11．65和114．34&;#177;10．63：舒张压：79．15&;#177;8．36和74．28&;#177;8．58；平均动脉压：92．26&;#177;8．45和87．27&;#177;899)，差异均有显著性意义(t=-2．539,-2．902,-3．104,P=0．013，0．005,0．003)。结论：对血压正常的肥胖中年男性(BMI≥25kg／m^2者)应采取干预措施，控制体质量，以防止血压继续增高。     

不同剂量铁对高能饲料诱导肥胖大鼠体质量、体脂及血瘦素的干预效果

目的:探讨不同剂量铁对高能饲料诱导的肥胖大鼠体质量、体脂及胰岛素、瘦素、生长激素的影响。方法:实验在哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院完成。将高能、高脂饲料诱导的肥胖大鼠45只按体质量随机分为5组,每组9只,分别给予含缺铁、正常铁、5倍、10倍和20倍铁的高能、高脂饲料,喂养7周,记录给食量和摄食量,检测血脂、瘦素、胰岛素、生长激素及体质量、体脂。结果:45只实验大鼠均进入结果分析。补铁对肥胖大鼠体质量、三酰甘油、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、胰岛素和生长激素无显著性影响(P>0.05),但可使体脂含量降低犤正常铁组(4.82±1.28)%,5倍铁组(3.60±0.89)%,10倍铁组(3.72±0.81)%,20倍铁组(3.66±1.34)%,各组与正常铁组比较,P<0.01犦,血瘦素水平下降犤正常铁组(8.49±1.97)μg/L,5倍铁组(7.31±1.18)μg/L,10倍铁组(7.03±1.48)μg/L,20倍铁组(7.47±1.07)μg/L,P<0.05犦。结论:补铁可使肥胖大鼠脂肪分解,改善肥胖引起的高血瘦素水平。     

烟台成年人身体形态与营养健康的关系调查

目的:全面了解烟台成年人的体质与营养健康状况。方法:于2000-01/2002-12采取随机整群抽样,在烟台芝罘区、福山区、牟平区随机抽取20～45岁成年男女1299人作为测试对象。每5岁为1个年龄组,共分为20～24,25～29,30～34,35～39,40～45岁5个年龄组。组织国民体质监测小组,监测人员均经国家规定的培训,选择身高、体质量、胸围、腰围、臀围、上臂皮褶厚度、肩胛皮褶厚度、腰部皮褶厚度等8项形态指标作为测量指标,同时对监测对象进行问卷调查。内容包括健康状况与营养状况。以人体标准体质量指数为胖瘦的判定标准,当体质量指数<20kg/m2为偏瘦,(20～24)kg/m2为正常,(25～29.5)kg/m2为一级肥胖,(30～40)kg/m2为二级肥胖,>40kg/m2为三级肥胖。结果:调查对象1299人均完成形态指标测试和问卷调查,全部进入结果分析。①烟台成年人身高男171cm,女160.6cm,高于全国男女均值。体质量男69.4kg,女60.4kg,高于全国男女均值。体质量随年龄的增长而增加,特别是30～45岁年龄段,城市非体力工作者男性体质量明显高于其他群体。②克托菜指数男406.15,女376.11,高于全国男女均值。女性克托莱指数随年龄增长比男性明显。城市男性非体力克托莱指数高于城市体力工作者,农村及城市体力工作者女性均高于城市非体力工作者。③腰臀比高的高血压发生率明显高于腰臀比低的群体,农村腰臀比为0.85,高血压发生率7.8%,城市体力者腰臀比为0.84,高血压发生率6.2%,城市非体力劳动者腰臀比为0.87,高血压发生率13.2%。④随年龄的增长肥胖发生率增加。男性20～34岁,体质量指数(21.98～24.53)kg/m2时,肥胖发生率为16.2%,35～45岁体质量指数(24.2～25.1)kg/m2,肥胖发生率51.6%,而女性20～34岁体质量指数(21.6～24.1)kg/m2时,肥胖发生率为14.2%,35～45岁体质量指数(25.1～26.72)kg/m2时,肥胖发生率为49.5%,35～45岁的肥胖发生率明显高于20～34岁,男性高于女性。⑤依据皮褶推算的理想体脂百分比为男子15%、女子25%,特别是男性城市非体力工作者25～45岁均超过15%的理想体脂(范围为16.1%～16.9%),女性城市体力工作者30～45岁均超过25%的理想体脂(范围为25.36%～28%)。结论:身体形态与健康关系密切,随体质量及腰臀比的增加,血压增加,男性比女性明显,特别是35岁后体质量及腰臀比和血压增加较快。腰臀比高,高血压发生率明显增加,男性高血压发生率高于女性。     

成人饮食类型与体质量指数和腰围的变化

近十年美国肥胖上升 >2 0 % ,一半多美国成人超重或肥胖。该项研究旨在通过摄入饮食类型与体质量指数 (BMI,kg/m2 )和腰围的变化关系 ,进一步弄清营养学的病因。作者假定一种健康饮食类型对BMI和腰围产生的作用小于其他饮食类型。受试者为 4 5 9名健康男女性 ,饮食的评定为记录 7天饮食情况 ,据此分为 4 1种饮食组并进行了成组的统计学分析。结果得出了 5种饮食类型 (健康 ,白面包 ,酒精 ,糖块 ,肉食土豆 )。肉食土豆组受试者平均每年BMI的变化为 0 .30± 0 .0 6 ,而健康组者为 0 .0 5± 0 .0 6 (P <0 .0 1) ,白面包组受试者平均每年腰…     

不同体质量指数人群冠状动脉病变与心外膜脂肪、胰岛素抵抗和C反应蛋白的关系

目的 研究肥胖及非肥胖人群C反应蛋白（CRP）、胰岛素抵抗（IR）及心外膜脂肪体积（EFV）对冠状动脉粥样硬化程度的影响.方法 入选同期行64排双源CT和经皮冠状动脉造影检查的103例患者,测量患者的身高、体质量、腰围（WC）,计算体质量指数（BMI）.根据BMI分为肥胖组45例和非肥胖组58例;通过64排双源CT测量EFV,收集空腹血液样本行血生化相关指标等检测.采用Gensini积分量化冠状动脉狭窄的严重程度.分析EFV和CRP及稳态胰岛素评估模型计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）与Gensini积分之间的关系.结果 肥胖组CRP[（11.0 ±5.8） mg/L]、WC[（96.1±7.0） cm]、EFV[（122.7±43.3） cm3]、BMI[（27.9±2.9） kg/m2]高于非肥胖组CRP[（6.5±3.4）mg/L]、WC[（86.4±7.6）cm]、EFV[（92.9±39.5）cm3]、BMI[（22.4±1.9） kg/m2],两组比较差异有统计学意义（t值分别为2.24、6.74、3.64、11.74,P均＜0.05）.非肥胖组及肥胖组中CRP与EFV均呈正相关（r值分别为0.404、0.364,P均＜0.05）,而HOMA-IR仅在肥胖组中与BMI呈正相关（r=0.322,P＜0.05）.非肥胖人群中Gensini积分与EFV及CRP呈正相关（r值分别为0.358、0.315,P均＜0.05）,肥胖人群中Gensini积分与EFV、CRP及HOMA-IR呈正相关（r值分别为0.348、0.297、0.384,P均＜0.05）,经过BMI及WC的校正后,除肥胖组中与CRP的相关性消失外,余相关性均存在.最后以Gensini积分作为因变量进行多重线性回归分析,结果提示EFV和糖尿病为肥胖人群Gensini积分的独立危险因素.结论 在非肥胖及肥胖人群中,冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度与EFV及CRP呈正相关,而在肥胖组中冠状动脉病变程度还受其他体脂分布（BMI、WC）及胰岛素抵抗水平的影响.EFV可作为影响冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度的独立危险因素.     

藕节、绿茶及三七微丸制剂干预成年性肥胖

背景肥胖是一个已确立的心血管疾病、糖尿病、高血压、动脉硬化和脑卒中的危险因素.一些激动剂,如麻黄素、咖啡因以及它们的草药类似物质已被证明有减轻体质量的作用,但是对它们的使用因其副反应而有争议.因此,一种能增加能量消耗或减少热量摄入,减肥有效而又能耐受的营养性制剂,是合乎需要的.目的评估一种含藕节,绿茶及三七成分的新颖微丸制剂,对成年肥胖者体质量和脂肪的减少效果.设计以自愿者为观察对象,随机,双盲,安慰剂对照实验.单位云南白药集团天然药物研究院.对象实验于2003-07-05/08-23在云南白药集团天然药物研究院完成.自愿者82例,男35例,女47例;年龄26～50岁;体质量指数≥25 kg/m2.随机分为处理组和安慰剂组,每组各41例.方法处理组口服含藕节、绿茶及三七微丸制剂(千草美姿减肥旨安微丸)9 g/d;安慰剂组每天口服淀粉制作微丸9 g/d,实验周期为7周.测量实验起始和实验结束时的体质量,体脂百分含量,脂肪绝对质量,体质量指数,腹围和臀围,以及其他人体测量指标.实验最初3 d和实验末尾3 d记录摄食情况.受试者记录每周的活动情况.主要观察指标①终点结局指标两组体质量、身体脂肪含量、体质量指数、腹围及臀围.②替代指标两组饮食、心率、耗氧量和血压情况.③危险性指标不良事件和副反应.结果处理组1例,安慰剂组3例因与实验无关的个人原因退出实验,未进入结果分析.两组摄入的食物总热量及蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪的百分比,以及活动水平差异无显著性意义.处理组体质量、身体脂肪含量、体质量指数实验前分别为(74.7±11.4)kg,(33.0±4.1)%,(28.5±2.7)kg/m2;实验7周分别为(73.6±12.4)kg,(31.3 ±4.5)%,(27.9±3.0)kg/m2.前后比较,差异有显著性意义.处理组腹围和臀围也明显缩小.安慰剂组实验前后比较,差异无显著性意义.两组心率,耗氧量及血压差异无显著性意义.两组均无明显副反应.结论这种含藕节,绿茶及三七成分的新颖微丸制剂,能明显减少成年肥胖者的体质量和脂肪.     

Impact of age, anthropometric data and body composition on calcaneal bone characteristics, as measured by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in an older German population

The impact of fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), body mass index (BMI), body mass and body height on calcaneal bone characteristics as measured with quantitative ultrasound (QUS) was investigated in 137 women and 85 men aged 62-92 years, considering age, smoking, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and physical activity level (PAL). In regression analyses using various models, in women, age was a negative predictor of speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and stiffness index (SI) and smoking was a negative predictor of SOS; positive predictors of SOS, BUA, and SI were BMI, body mass and FFM. In men, smoking was a negative predictor and BMI, body mass and FFM were positive predictors of BUA and SI. In both sexes, PAL, body height, WHR and FM had no effect on QUS parameters. The influence of BMI on calcaneal bone characteristics in elderly people depends on FFM rather than on FM.     

老年2型糖尿病患者体重指数与胰岛β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗相关性的探讨

目的：探讨老年2型糖尿病患者体重指数（BMI）与胰岛β功能状态及胰岛素抵抗（RI）的关系。方法：调查对象为2006年4月-2008年7月入我接受健康体检的成都地区离退休干部。采用1999年WHO糖尿病诊断标准,以129例已确诊T2DM患者为观察对象,根据体重指数（BMI）分为两组：肥胖组（含超重）（BMI≥25）66例,均为男性;非肥胖组（BMI〈25）63例,其中3例为女性（无统计学意义）,并与19例正常对照组进行对比研究。以氧化酶法测定空腹血葡萄糖（FBG）,酶联免疫法测胰岛素（INS）及C肽（CP）水平等参数。用HOMA公式计算胰岛素抵抗（IR）和β细胞功能指数（BCI）。采用SPSS软件进行方差分析（ANOVA）,分析3组间各指标的差异显著性x-±S表示。结果：三组经HOMA公式计算的IR值为对照组（3.0±1.3）、非肥胖组（4.6±4.0）、肥胖组（5.2±6.2）依次递增,但各组间无显著性差异。HOMAβ细胞功能指数为非肥胖组（82.06±84.1）、肥胖组（138.4±179.6）、对照组（226.5±236.8）依次递增,各组间均有显著性差异（P〈0.01-0.05）。结论：老年2型糖尿病患者普遍存在β细胞功能减退,尤其是非肥胖组;同时也具有胰岛素抵抗,主要是肥胖组。表明BMI对老年糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能有影响,肥胖患者β细胞分泌能力加强,负担加重,功能受损,胰岛素抵抗明显。     

New body mass index criteria of central obesity for male Japanese

In recent years, intra-abdominal visceral fat leads to obesity-related complications. A simple indicator that reflects the mass of visceral fat is also needed to enable practical screening of patients. The present study was designed to establish new body mass index (BMI) criteria of central obesity for male Japanese. The subjects were 516 men aged from 19 to 80 years old who were examined at the physical examination center in the regular health check conducted by their company. Correlations between visceral fat area (VFA) or subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and BMI in the subjects were investigated. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve was used to find out the optimal cut-off values of BMI to predict central obesity. We compared the percentile ranks corresponding to VFA of 100 cm2, BMI of 25 kg/m2 and new BMI criteria to check to see whether the present BMI criteria classify correctly Japanese men as central obesity. Further evidence for the effectiveness of BMI for VFA is needed. The correlation coefficient between VFA or SFA and BMI was 0.59 or 0.67, respectively. At the cut-off for BMI that maximized sensitivity and specificity for predicting central obesity was 24 kg/m2. Moreover, the percentile value corresponding to VFA of 100 cm2, BMI of 24 kg/m2, and BMI of 25 kg/m2 was the 53, 50 and 61 percentile, respectively. It is necessary to lower a cut-off point for central obesity from BMI of 25 kg/m2 to 24 kg/m2.     

Variations in percentage of body fat within different BMI groups in young,middle-aged and old women

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to characterize age‐dependent variations in percentage of body fat within different body mass index (BMI) classes in healthy Danish women. Design: Cross‐sectional analysis. Settings: The study was done at the Center for Clinical and Basic Research, Ballerup, Denmark. Subjects: Four hundred and four healthy women aged 18–75 years were included in the present study. Measurements: Fat tissue mass was estimated using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Menopausal status and physical characteristics were also registered. Results: Mean values of percentage of body fat calculated in the normal and overweight BMI groups were higher in middle‐aged and old women compared with young women. No significant differences were seen in the underweight and obese BMI groups. The cut‐off levels between normal and overweight and between overweight and obesity were 35–43% and 40–50%, respectively. Conclusion: The percentage of body fat is dependent on both age and menopausal status within each of the following BMI classes: from 20 to 25 and from 25 to 30, further emphasizing that BMI has limitations when used generally as an indicator of body fatness, and argues for defining BMI cut‐off values age‐specifically.     

Relationship between body composition and lung function in elderly men and women

Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body composition parameters and lung functions including vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁), FEV₁:VC ratio, and FEV₁:FVC ratio in elderly men and women. Methods The study was a cross-sectional evaluation of 99 healthy men and women (aged 60–88 years). Anthropometric and body composition parameters (including fat mass [FM], fat-free mass [FFM] and percentage body fat [%BF]) were evaluated using the skinfold method, and lung function was examined using spirometry. Results Data analysis showed %BF, body FM and body mass index (BMI) of women to be significantly higher than men. Also, their body FFM was significantly less than men (P<0.05). Lung volume (P<0.01) and lung capacity values (P<0.05) (VC, FVC, FEV₁, FEV₁:VC, FEV₁:FVC) of women were significantly less than men. There was a positive significant relationship between the FFM versus FVC and FEV₁ values of women and men. A negative significant relationship was demonstrated between body FM, BMI and FVC of all subjects. Conclusion This investigation showed that women aged between 60 and 88 years had a lower lung capacity compared to men of the same age. Older women were found to have a higher body fat ratio than men, and it was found that increasing %BF and BMI had a negative effect on lung functions in both sexes.     

体质量指数与体脂含量诊断肥胖的对比分析

目的：探讨体质量指数（BMI）与体脂含量（PBF）两种诊断肥胖方法的临床实用性。方法：研究对象为1059例35～74岁妇女，测量身高、体质量，计算体质量指数，并用生物电阻抗法检测体脂含量。结果：1059例中，以体质量指数为判断指标，肥胖33例，检出率3．1％；而以体脂含量为判断指标，则肥胖272例，检出率25．7％，两差异有显著性（P〈0．001）。结论：用体质量指数和体脂含量作为不同的诊断方法，肥胖检出率后者明显高于前者，临床处理个体化问题可将两者结合起来，避免偏差和误导。     

Exploring the Association Between Measures of Obesity and Measures of Trip-induced Fall Risk Among Older Adults

ObjectiveTo explore the association between measures of obesity and measures of trip-induced fall risk among community-dwelling older adults.DesignCase-control.SettingGait laboratory.ParticipantsVoluntary sample of 55 community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥65y; N=55) with body mass index (BMI) of 18.84-44.68 kg/m².InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresMeasures of obesity included 6 anthropometry-based measures (BMI; thigh, hip and waist circumferences; ratio of waist-to-hip circumference; index of central obesity) and 4 dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry–based measures (percentage trunk, leg, and total fat; fat mass index). Measures of risk of tripping during overground walking included median and interquartile range of toe clearance and area under the swing phase toe trajectory. Measures of trip recovery after a laboratory-induced trip included trunk angle and angular velocity at ground contact of the first recovery step, anteroposterior distance from stepping foot to center of mass at the same instant, and step time of the first recovery step.ResultsRisk of tripping was associated with waist-to-hip ratio and thigh circumference. After grouping participants by waist-to-hip ratio, those with high ratios (≥0.9 cm for men and ≥0.85 cm for women) exhibited significantly greater variability in toe clearance. Trip recovery was associated with hip circumference, thigh circumference, fat mass index, and total fat. After grouping participants by fat mass index, those with high indices (>9 kg/m² for men and >13 kg/m² for women) exhibited less favorable trunk kinematics after a laboratory-induced trip (Cohen d=0.84).ConclusionsWaist-to-hip ratio and fat mass index may more closely relate to trip-induced fall risk than BMI among community-dwelling older adults.     

Serum uric acid as an obesity-related indicator in early adolescence

In adults, serum uric acid levels are positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) and hyperuricemia is considered to be a common lifestyle disorder related with obesity. However, the relation of serum uric acid levels with obesity has not been elucidated in children and adolescents. Serum uric acid levels were determined in 1,729 healthy children, consisted of 923 boys and 806 girls, aged 9.1 - 15.0 years. The incidence of hyperuricemia (defined as more than 7.0 mg/dl) in boys and girls were 8.8% and 0.6%, respectively. In 1,281 children out of all subjects, including 684 boys and 597 girls, height, weight, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were also determined and the correlations between serum uric acid levels and obesity were analyzed. BMI is popularly used as a standard indicator of obesity in adults. However, BMI increases without fat accumulation as children grow. In Japan, percentage of overweight (POW) is usually used as an alternative indicator for obesity. In general, children are evaluated as obesity, when POW is equal to or more than 20% (>or= 20%). Serum uric acid levels are positively correlated with obesity-related indicators, BMI and POW, in both boys and girls. Serum uric acid levels of the subjects with high POW (>or= 20%) are significantly higher than those of the subjects with low POW (< 20%) in both boys and girls. These results suggest that serum uric acid levels are significantly increased with obesity and could be used as one of obesity-related indicators even in early adolescence.