比索洛尔对慢性心力衰竭室性心律失常和心率变异性的影响

目的 :观察比索洛尔对慢性心力衰竭患者的室性心律失常和心率变异性的影响。方法 :86例慢性心力衰竭 (CHF)患者在常规抗心衰药物治疗的基础上 ,随机分成两组 ,比索洛尔组每日口服比索洛尔 1.2 5～ 10mg ,对照组口服安慰剂 ,疗程 12个月 ,观察治疗前后心率、室性心律失常和心率变异性的变化。结果 :比索洛尔组室性心律失常明显减少 ,心率变异性参数显著改善。结论 :长期使用比索洛尔可降低CHF恶性室性心律失常的发生 ,改善心率变异性     

高血压病患者的心脏变时性与心率变异性

目的观察原发性高血压患者的心脏变时性(CR)和心率变异性(HRV)的变化。方法单纯收缩期高血压(ISH)65例、普通高血压患者60例、健康对照组40例,行运动平板及24h动态心电图检查,比较3组之间CR和HRV的差别,并分析CR和HRV之间的相关性。结果按正常对照组、普通高血压组及ISH组3组排序,峰值静息心率差值进行性下降[(66.5±10.3)vs(61.2±10.1)vs(51.2±6.9)次/min],变时性指数进行性减少[(1.0±0.2)vs(0.8±0.1)vs(0.8±0.1)],SDNN进行性降低[(124.3±25.1)vs(99.4±23.0)vs(90.3±27.2)ms],相邻心动周期差>50ms的次数占所有窦性心动周期的百分数(PNN50)也进行性减少[(9.6±3.5)%vs(7.7±2.8)%vs(6.6±2.7)%],而低频与高频峰值比(LF/HF)进行性升高[(2.4±1.1)vs(3.5±1.4)vs(4.3±1.1)],且ISH组的峰值静息心率差值和LF/HF较普通高血压组差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组受试者的峰值心率/预计心率<0.85,分别为12.5%,30.0%和38.0%(P<0.05),而变时性指数<0.8人数分别为17.5%、35.0%和43.0%(P<0.05);CR和HRV的各项指标间均有良好的相关性,其中SDNN与CR指标相关性最好(P<0.01),与变时性指数的相关系数达到0.65。结论原发性高血压患者有显著的CR及HRV的异常,其中ISH较普通的高血压患者更加明显;提示高血压病人特别是单纯收缩期高血压病人心脏自主神经有明显功能紊乱。     

室性心律失常患者的心率变异性分析

为研究自主神经系统活动在室性心律失常发生中的作用,分析３５例正常人（对照组）、３４例无器质性心脏病室性心律失常者（无心脏病组）及３５例器质性心脏病室性心律失常者（心脏病组）的心率变异性。结果显示（１）与对照组比较,无心脏病组ＳＤＮＮ、ＰＮＮ５０、ＲＭＳＳＤ、ＨＲＶＴＩ显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５～０．０１）,ＳＤＡＮＮ、ＳＤＮＮＩｎｄｅｘ无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）;而心脏病组各项指标均非常显著降低（Ｐ〈     

高血压病患者心率变异的变化及其与室性心律失常的相关性研究

目的 探讨高血压病(EH)者24h心率变异性(HRV)的变化及其与室性心律失常(VA)的关系.方法 采用动态心电图(DCG)记录96例患者(A组)和40例对照者(B组)的24h心电信号,分析其HRV变化及其与VA的发生情况.结果 EH者HRV各项时城指标和额域指标中的LF、VLF、HF均较B组显著降低,并有随着VA程度的加重而降低的趋势;时域指标中的SDNN、SDANN、ASDNN、PNN50与VA程度呈弱负相关(P<0.05);SDANN为EH者VA的保护因素.结论 EH者HRV明显降低,HRV与EH者VA程度呈弱负相关.SDANN为EH者VA的保护因素.早期对自主神经功能紊乱进行干预治疗,可能有利于减少EH者VA的发生.     

Autonomic Modulation by Electrical Stimulation of the Parasympathetic Nervous System: An Emerging Intervention for Cardiovascular Diseases

The cardiac autonomic nervous system has been known to play an important role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Autonomic modulation by electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which increases the parasympathetic activity and suppresses the sympathetic activity, is emerging as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we review the recent literature on autonomic modulation by electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, including vagus nerve stimulation, transcutaneous auricular vagal stimulation, spinal cord stimulation, and ganglionated plexi stimulation, in the treatment of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular arrhythmias.     

Heart rate variability in rats with chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension

The precise role of pulmonary hypertension as a possible factor inducing a decrease in heart rate variability is poorly known. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) was carried out in 21 Wistar rats before and after exposure to normoxia (N = 10) or to 3 weeks of hypobaric hypoxia inducing chronic pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy (N= 11). Continuous ECG was recorded in conscious animal at rest. Compared to the control group, rats exposed to hypoxia had a similar heart rate but a lower overall HRV (total power, 27.9 +/- 15.2 vs. 57.6 +/- 24.7 ms2, P < 0.01). Low frequency power (0.25-0.8 Hz) and high frequency power (0.8-3 Hz) were similar in both groups suggesting that HRV was decreased in the very low frequency power (0-0.25 Hz). The effects of atropine and propranolol on heart rate and HRV were similar in rats exposed or not to hypoxia. HRV is decreased in rats with hypoxic induced pulmonary hypertension, mainly in the very low frequency band, suggesting an increase in sympathetic activity. However, this decrease is moderate and the modulation of HRV with pharmacologic autonomic blockade remains similar to that of normal rats.     

血浆儿茶酚胺含量与老年高血压患者室性心律失常的关系

观察老年期与老年前期高血压患者心律失常的发生及与血浆儿茶酚胺（CA）含量的关系。结果表明，老年期高血压患者室性心律失常的发生率较老年前期显著增多；血浆去甲肾上腺素（NE）、肾上腺素（E）含量较老年前期显著增高；血浆NE含量与24h室性早搏（VPC）总数显著正相关（r=0.356，P＜0.01）。经卡托普利治疗后，血浆NE，E含量均显著下降．室性心律失常的发生率显著降低。本文提示，交感─肾上腺素系统活性增强是引起老年高血压患者室性心律失常的重要因素。     

肠易激综合征患者心血管自主神经功能变化与心率变异性的关系

目的 :探讨肠易激综合征 (1BS)患者心血管自主神经功能变化与心率变异性 (HRV)的关系。方法 :对IBS患者 50例进行标准心血管自主神经功能测试 ,将其结果分成阳性组 (DNA+ )及阴性组 (DNA- ) ,健康人 30名为对照组。 2 4h动态心电图进行HRV分析。结果 :IBS患者自主神经功能异常的发生率为 58% ,主要表现为迷走神经功能异常 ;HRV时域分析中DNA+ 组SDNN、SDANN、SDNNindex明显减少 ;DNA+ 及DNA- 组中反映副交感神经张力的RMSSD、PNN50 、HF等指标明显增高 ,LF/HF比值明显减低 ,与对照组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :IBS患者存在副交感神经张力增加。HRV分析是发现IBS患者自主神经功能异常的较好方法     

心率变异性评价吸烟的室性心律失常患者自主神经功能

目的 探讨吸烟对室性心律失常患者自主神经功能的影响。方法 对吸烟组22例、不吸烟组30例、进行心率变异性时域分析。结果 与不吸烟组比较，吸烟组SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50显著降低（P＜0．05）。结论 吸烟可致复杂室性心律失常患者副交感神经张力下降，从而增加其心电不稳定性。     

Autonomic nervous system and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a study based on the analysis of RR interval changes before, during and after paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

AIMS: To evaluate the presence of an abnormal autonomic modulation before, during and immediately after paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). METHODS AND RESULTS: We analysed Holter recordings of 65 patients with 110 PAF episodes lasting more then 30 s. Mean RR interval, co-efficient of variation and short-term heart rate variability were measured before, during and after PAF episodes. We observed a significant correlation between the coupling interval and both the cycle length measured from 30 min up to few cycles before PAF onset, and ventricular response. When comparing the heart rate variability (HRV) before and after PAF we observed a significant reduction of the low frequency/high frequency components (LF/HF) ratio (from 6.2+/-7.4 to 3.2+/-4.1). A short-long-short cycle sequence was detectable in 37 PAF onsets associated with a greater incidence of atrial ectopic beats and a greater LF component (62+/-25 vs. 53+/-27 normalised units) in comparison to the remaining episodes. When onsets were divided for a LF/HF ratio cut-off value of > or = 2 to separate episodes with a predominant sympathetic, as opposed to those with a prevailing vagal (LF/HF<2) modulation, we observed opposite changes (from 9.1+/-7.8 to 4+/-3.7 and from 0.8+/-0.5 to 2+/-3.6, respectively) consistent with a recovery of a more physiological sympatho-vagal balance immediately after recovery of sinus rhythm. No changes in co-efficient of variation of ventricular response were detectable before PAF termination. CONCLUSIONS: A predominant sympathetic modulation characterises the majority of PAF onsets whereas a vagal predominance was detectable in about 30% of episodes. These patterns are no longer detectable after recovery of sinus rhythm.     

自主神经对心室晚电位各参数的昼夜影响

采用数字化Holter监测仪对 30例健康人进行连续监测 ,计算其心室晚电位 (VLP)及心率变异性 (HRV)指标的动态变化 ,以评价出两者之间的关系。所有健康受试者 ,均按立体正交导联方式佩戴 2 4h动态心电图 ,分别记录午夜 2时及下午 14时左右这两个时间点的VLP及HRV数值 :夜间LF 4 93.5 7± 15 6 .6 2ms2 ,HF 6 89.73± 172 .19ms2 ,LF/HF 0 .74 3± 0 .118,T QRS 10 0 .1± 12 .79ms ;白天LF 4 14 .75± 176 .6 1ms2 ,HF 318.5 1± 116 .6 1ms2 ,LF/HF 1.399± 0 .2 81,T QRS 90 .0 3± 9.70ms(P <0 .0 5 ) ,结果显示VLP与HRV均存在昼夜的明显变化 ,T QRS与HF在夜间均增高 ,白天均降低 ,且表现出明显的正相关 ;TQRS与LF/HF比值则表现出明显的负相关。结论 :VLP存在与自主神经相关的昼夜规律性变化。     

Cardiac Arrhythmias and the Autonomic Nervous System

Cardiac Arrhythmias and the Autonomic Nervous System. The multiple facets of cardiac arrhythmias and their relationship with the autonomic nervous system can be investigated by studying the spontaneous heart rate behavior through ambulatory ECG recordins, an approach that complements the limitations of invasive electrophysiologic investigations. Information obtained from heart rate behavior is more reliable in the absence of structural heart disease and ventricular hypertrophy/failure, during which compensatory mechanisms involving the autonomic nervous system tend to limit reflex changes in heart rate. Thus, in such situations, less marked sinus rhythm variations preceding the arrhythmia onset do not imply a more limited influence of the autonomic nervous system, and the sensitivity of the electrophysiologic substrate may otherwise vary. These two factors may combine to form the basis of the adrenergic paradox¹¹ that implies that the more marked the autonomic nervous system dependence of tachyarrhythmias, the less obvious its evidence. Assessment of the QT interval dynamicity may also allow one to evaluate the modulation of autonomic neural effects on the ventricular tissues. Finally, it may be difficult to distinguish clearly autonomic nervous system dependence from rate dependence: the latter frequently conditions the behavior of the trigger whereas the former mainly concerns the electrophysiologic substrate. There are many examples of the importance of the autonomic nervous system as a determinant of cardiac arrhythmias. In the atrium, either limb of the autonomic nervous system, particularly the parasympathetic limb, can generate atrial fibrillation. The absence of structural heart disease defines pure electrophysiologic substrates responsible for benign forms of ventricular tachycardia as welt as potentially lethal tachyarrhythmias of the long QT syndrome and its variants. In both, the role of the autonomic nervous system is essential, although the therapeutic consequences are crucial only in the latter. In the presence of heart disease and, in particular, heart failure, the autonomic nervous system behavior is more difficult to assess than in the absence of structural heart disease. This does not mean that its role is less crucial. In this situation the beneficial effects of beta blockers may be as important as in normal hearts although physicians should be more cautious when heart failure is present.     

心率变异时域分析对糖尿病患者自主神经功能的评价

采用２４小时动态心电图对８２例糖尿病患者进行心率变异（ＨＲＶ）和心率（ＨＲ）检测。８２例分为五组：Ａ组（无血管合并症）３０例、Ｂ组（合并大血管病变）１１例、Ｃ组（合并小血管病变）１２例、Ｄ组（同时合并大、小血管病变）１９例和Ｅ组（心肾功能不全）１０例，并设正常对照组。结果：糖尿病各组ＨＲＶ显著降低，Ａ组仅２４ｈ内全部正常ＲＲ间期标准差（ＳＤＮＮ，１０４．２０±２９．１９ｍｓ）和２４ｈ内５ｍｉｎ节段平均正常ＲＲ间期的标准差（ＳＤＡＮＮｉｎｄｅｘ，９３．７３±２７．５８ｍｓ）降低（对照组分别为１２７．５２±３８．５７ｍｓ和１１６．１９±３５．７０ｍｓ），Ｐ均＜０．０１；ＨＲ异常主要表现为夜间平均ＨＲ增快，白昼平均ＨＲ仅Ｅ组（８６．７６±１１．３６ｂｐｍ）高于对照组（７６．３８±９．４０ｂｐｍ），Ｐ＜０．０１。表明糖尿病患者存在自主神经受累，白昼心率增快可能是病情严重的征兆。     

Reduced parasympathetic tone in newly diagnosed essential hypertension

AimThe aim of the study was to compare heart rate variability (HRV) of newly diagnosed essential hypertensive subjects with controls.MethodsThe study was conducted on 120 hypertensive subjects and 120 controls.ResultsThe time-domain measures, standard deviation of all RR intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD), and percentage of consecutive RR intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50) which reflect parasympathetic activity were significantly less in hypertensive subjects. In frequency-domain measures, high frequency [HF (ms²)] and [HF (nu)], which reflects parasympathetic activity, was significantly less in hypertensive subjects while LF (nu) and LF/HF (%), which reflect sympathetic activity, were comparable between the groups.ConclusionThese findings suggest that HRV is reduced in subjects with newly diagnosed essential hypertension and the parasympathetic dysregulation is present in the early stage of essential hypertension.     

X综合征患者自主神经功能观察

为了解X综合征患者中自主神经功能活动。观察8例X综合征患者和10例健康人心率变异有关指标。结果显示:患者R·R间期与正常人无差弹。而SDNN、SDANN、SDNNIndex、PNN_50、rMSSD等时域指标,LF、HF、LF/HF等频域指标均低于正常人。提示X综合征患者的自主神经系统活动不平衡,以交感神经活动占优势。     

正常孕妇24小时的心率变异分析

为观察正常孕妇的HRV以及室性心律失常的发生率 ,探讨孕妇心脏自主神经功能的平衡情况 ,对 6 9例孕妇(按妊娠周期分成 3组 )和 30例正常未孕妇女进行 2 4h动态心电图检查 ,监测 2 4h的室性心律失常 (PVC) ,对其时域、频域结果进行分析。结果显示 :与对照组相比 ,怀孕各组大部分时域、频域指标均明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但与妊娠周期无关 ;而怀孕伴PVC与怀孕无PVCHRV比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。提示怀孕伴PVC可能与心脏自主神经功能失衡有关。HRV分析对临床评价孕妇心脏自主神经功能有一定的参考意义。     

冠心病心肌缺血发作时自主神经功能的变化

采用心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）自回归（ＡＲ）和快速傅立叶转换（ＦＦＴ）两种频域法对比分析５０例冠心病病人和５０例正常人ＨＲＶ的昼夜变化及心肌缺血时与无缺血时的ＨＲＶ变化，并对两种频域法进行相关性分析。结果表明：冠心病组和对照组的ＨＲＶ呈昼夜变化，白天以低频成分（ＬＦ，代表交感神经活性）占优势，夜间以高频成分（ＨＦ，反映迷走神经活性）占优势；冠心病心肌缺血病人的ＨＲＶ昼夜变化减少（ＡＲ法，ＬＦ／ＨＦ：冠心病组为２．２±０．９ＶＳ０．８±１．１，对照组为２．４±１．２ＶＳ０．３±０．８，Ｐ＜０．０５），清晨自主神经调节发生突然变化，即由迷走神经兴奋转为交感神经兴奋；劳累型心绞痛病人心肌缺血时ＬＦ增高（１６３±１３２ｍｓ２ＶＳ２４７±１６２ｍｓ２，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＨＦ减少（７５±２１ｍｓ２ＶＳ５７±１１ｍｓ２，Ｐ＜０．０５），心肌缺血次数与ＬＦ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．６７）．上午６～１０时心肌缺血发生最多。两种能谱估计法呈高度正相关（ｒ＝０．９８）。提示：劳累型心绞痛的发作与交感神经功能亢进、迷走神经张力减弱有关；清晨自主神经功能调节的突然变化可起板机作用，使此时心肌缺血的发生频度增高。