内窥镜鼻窦手术43例临床分析

内窥镜鼻窦手术４３例临床分析石嘴山市第一医院耳鼻喉科张义芝刘为民崔永霞马俊成姜黎马东现将我院内窥镜下各类鼻疾手术４３例临床资料总结报告如下。１资料和方法１．１临床资料：本组４３例中，男２８例，女１５例；年龄１１～６２岁，筛窦上颌窦炎３３例，筛窦蝶窦炎...     

鼻窦内窥镜手术63例分析

进一步探讨鼻窦内窥镜手术的经验。方法对６３例功能性鼻窦疾患行内窥镜手术。Ｉ期病例切除异常结构，Ⅱ期以上病例切除病变组织，并开放或切除筛所有病例均开放上颌窦，蝶窦酌情处理。结果治愈率为８７．３％，好转率为９９．４％无效１例。结论鼻窦内窥镜手术对功能性鼻窦疾患疗效好，方法简单，并发症少，宜在基层医院推广。     

经鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术106例

目的：探讨影响鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术疗效的因素及并发症的预防。方法：对行鼻内窥镜手术106例（158例）鼻腔、鼻窦疾病的临床资料进行总结。结果：106例病例全部随访6－24个月，其中慢性鼻窦炎治愈72例（73．5％），好转24例（24．5％），无效2例（2．0％）。4例上颌窦囊肿和2例蝶窦囊肿，2例筛窦内翻性乳头状瘤，随访一年以上，均无复发。结论：鼻内窥镜手术的适应证要选择好，术前需作鼻窦冠状CT扫描；术者应有熟练的鼻部解剖基础，并熟练掌握鼻内筛窦切除的技巧；中鼻甲是鼻内窥镜术中最重要的定位标志；术中随访换药对提高治愈率防止复发很重要。     

鼻窦粘液囊肿袋状化手术的疗效观察

目的：应用鼻内窥镜对蝶、额、筛窦粘液囊肿的病人施行袋状化手术,分别随访３～５ 年,观察治疗结果。方法：对１５ 例病人,男９ 例,女６ 例,年龄２８～７２ 岁,平均４４．７３ 岁,其中蝶窦囊肿５例（并筛窦囊肿１ 例,并上颌窦囊肿１ 例,蝶额筛窦囊肿１ 例）,筛窦囊肿１１ 例（并上颌窦囊肿３例）,额筛窦囊肿３ 例,应用鼻内窥镜施行袋状化手术治疗,术后分别随访３～５ 年。结果：凸眼、鼻塞、头痛等症状消失,囊肿无复发。结论：应用鼻内窥镜施行鼻窦囊肿袋状化手术,简捷、经济、手术确实、副损伤小、面部无瘢痕,并可保留鼻窦粘膜的功能,是处理鼻窦粘液囊肿的首选方法     

鼻内窥镜下行鼻腔鼻窦及鼻眼相关手术148例体会

目的：探讨内窥镜下行鼻腔,鼻窦及鼻眼手术的疗效。方法：对内窥镜下行鼻息肉摘除,筛蝶窦及上颌窦开放术等治疗的１４８例进行临床总结。结果：术后经３￣１２个月随访,鼻息肉鼻窦炎患者治愈率为７０。９％,总有效率为９４．５％,鼻中隔矫正术后治愈率１００％;鼻腔泪道造孔术后治愈主继８７．５％,有效率１００％,结论：鼻内窥镜对鼻腔,鼻窦,鼻眼手术具有优越性。     

内窥镜下蝶,额,筛窦囊肿开盖术

介绍８例副鼻窦囊肿的病人，男４例，女４例，年龄２８－７２岁，平均５４．３岁其中额筛窦囊肿５例，蝶窦囊肿３例，１例伴上颌窦囊肿，既往经鼻外进路行筛窦囊肿摘除术１例，临床表现主要是凸眼，头痛和鼻塞，１例蝶窦囊肿临床无症状，经ＣＴ扫描和ＭＲＩ检查明确诊断，局麻下应用鼻内窥镜行囊肿开盖术，简捷，经济，手术确定，副损伤小，面部无瘢痕，并可保留鼻窦粘膜的功能，故鼻窦囊肿应为内窥镜手术治疗的首选适应证。     

鼻内窥镜手术治疗蝶窦、筛窦囊肿20例报告

目的探讨鼻内窥镜手术治疗蝶窦、筛窦囊肿的疗效。方法回顾性分析20例蝶窦、筛窦囊肿患者行鼻内窥镜手术治疗的临床资料。结果18例在鼻内窥镜下均良好暴露术野,术后窦腔得到充分引流,获得满意疗效:2例无效,但无严重并发症发生。结论鼻内窥镜下囊肿开放引流术是治疗蝶窦、筛窦囊肿安全、有效的方法。     

鼻窦内窥镜手术治疗慢性多鼻窦炎86例临床分析

功能性鼻窦内窥镜手术已成为近年来国内外治疗慢性鼻窦炎的新技术，本文收集86例经鼻内窥镜手术治疗多鼻窦炎病例，就手术治疗体会总结如下。1资料与方法1．1一般资料：慢性耳窦炎患者86例，156侧；男性52例，女性34例；年龄17～48岁；单侧多鼻窦炎16例，双侧多具窦及全鼻窦炎70例，其中48例均有不同程度的筛窦息肉及筛泡肿大，息肉多数来自中鼻道及筛泡、钩突及上颌窦开口周围。双侧上颌窦，筛窦息肉历例。全身病例均经CT冠状位扫描证实诊断。1．2治疗：全部病例均采用局麻，筛窦开放术，术式从前向后。筛窦开放为鼻窦手术进路及途径，并…     

鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术156例分析

为了评价鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术的疗效，对１５６例鼻窦炎，鼻息肉患者行为窥镜鼻窦手术，其中男１０３例，女５３例，年龄１５￣６５岁，计功能性鼻内窦镜手术６５例，全筛窦开放术３９例，全蝶筛窦开放术４５例，上颌窦囊肿摘除术７例，术后随访３￣１２月，观察手术疗效。     

鼻内窥镜手术的护理配合

鼻内窥镜手术改变了传统手术模式，手术方便，视野清晰，范围扩大，并可示教，减少了并发症。传统的手术治疗虽然有效，但术野欠清，有可能破坏正常粘膜。我院自１９９５年８月起开展了内窥镜下五官科手术８０例，术后随访效果良好，无一例出现严重并发症。１　临床资料本组８０例，其中双筛窦上颌窦开放术２３例，一侧筛窦开放术２０例，额窦筛窦上颌窦开放术１３例，上颌窦开放术１２例，一侧上颌窦筛窦开放术４例，双上颌窦、筛窦、蝶窦、额窦开放术２例，鼻中隔偏曲矫正术２例。其余病种采用双中、下鼻甲次全切除术，双鼻腔息肉摘除术，…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.