HLA-DQA1、DQB1、DRB1 02,07,09等位基因及单倍型在华东地区汉族人群的分布

应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＯ方法，对华东地区汉族人群进行了ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１、－ＤＱＢ１和ＤＲＢ１＊０２，０７，０９基因分型。ＤＱＡ１中以ＤＱＡ１＊０３０１基因频率最高（０．３８４４），其次为＊０５０１（０．１４０６）和０１０２（０．１２１９），＊０４０１最低（０．０２８１）；ＤＱＢ１中以ＤＱＢ１＊０３０３基因频率最高（０．２３４２），其次为＊０３０１（０．１８９９）、＊０６０１（０．１２０３）和＊０２０１（０．１１０８），＊０５０１、＊０６０４和＊０６０５最低（均为０．０１２７）；ＤＲ９基因频率较高（０．２３１０），ＤＲ２中ＤＲＢ１＊１５０１占７３％，基因频率为０．０８５４，未见＊１６０１。ＤＱＡ１、ＤＱＢ１及ＤＲＢ１等位基因之间存在显著的连锁不平衡。ＤＲＢ１＊０９０１－ＤＱＡ１＊０３０１－ＤＱＢ１＊０３０３、ＤＱＡ１＊０１０３－ＤＱＢ１＊０６０１等为常见单倍型。本资料与我国其他汉族人群资料有可比性，也存在一定差异。     

HLA—DR,DQ基因多态性与系统性红斑狼疮相关性的研究

应用聚合酶链反应结合顺序特异的寡核苷酸探针杂交（ＰＣＲ／ＳＳＯＰＨ）方法对江苏籍汉族ＳＬＥ患者和健康对照组ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１、ＤＱＡ１：ＤＱＢ１基因作寡核苷酸分型。结果发现患者组中ＤＲＢ１＊１５０１、ＤＱＡ１＊０１０２等位基因频率及ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１＊１５０１、－ＤＱＡ１＊０１０２、－ＤＱＢ１＊０６０２单倍型频率均明显高于正常对照组；相反，ＤＲＢ１＊０４（ＤＲ４）、ＤＱＡ１＊０６０１频率则明显低于正常对照组。所有ＤＱＢ１等位基因频率在两组间无显著差异，而ＤＱＡ１＊０１０２仅存在于ＤＲ２阳性的个体之中，推测汉族ＳＬＥ的易感基因可能靠近ＤＲ位点，且与单倍型ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１＊１５０１、－ＤＱＡ１＊０１０２、－ＤＱＢ１＊０６０２紧密连锁，该单倍型可作为汉族ＳＬＥ易感的遗传标记。相反ＤＲ４，ＤＱＡ１＊０６０１则对ＳＬＥ发病可能有一定的保护性。     

江浙沪地区汉人HLA－DQA1基因对重症肌无力的遗传易感性研究

采用一种新的多聚酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）基因分型法，研究了江浙沪地区中国汉人重症肌无力（ｍｙａｓｔｈｅｎｉａｇｒａｖｉｓ，ＭＧ）４５例和对照组９８例的ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１等位基因。发现ＭＧ的胸腺瘤型和非胸腺瘤型ＤＱＡ１基因遗传背景有所不同，ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１＊０３０１基因参与非胸腺瘤型ＭＧ（尤其是男性组）的遗传易感作用（ＲＲ＝３．６３，Ｐ＜０．０５），家系分析支持群体研究结果。推测了中国汉人ＭＧ可能的ＨＬＡ易感单体型：ＤＱＡ１＊０３０１ＤＱＢ１＊０３０３－ＤＲＢ１＊０９０１和ＤＱＡ１＊０３０１－ＤＱＢ１＊０３０３－ＤＲＢ１＊０４０６．结果从基因分型的角度统一了关于华人ＭＧ与ＨＬＡ相关抗原提法不一致的报道，并揭示了ＭＧ的其它ＨＬＡⅡ系统易感基因ＤＱＢ１＊０３０１、ＤＲＢ１＊０９０１及ＤＲＢ１＊０４０６或ＤＢＲ＊０４０５存在的极大可能性。为进一步分析ＭＧ的遗传易感机理提供了重要依据。     

西双版纳傣族及上海汉族群体HLA－DR2相关的DR／DQ单倍型分析

对４４名西双版纳傣族和９名上海地区汉族ＤＫ２阳性个体进行了与其相关的ＤＲ／ＤＱ单倍型组合的分析。傣族群体中ＤＲＢＩ－ＤＲ２亚型分布以＊１６０２与＊１５０２为最常见，其等位基因频率分别为４３．６％与，４０．０％和汉族群体中以＊１５０１为主明显不同。傣族群体中共检出１０种与ＤＲ２相关联的ＤＲ／ＤＱ单倍型；最常见的是ＤＲＢ１＊１６０２、ＤＲＢ５＊０１０１、ＤＱＡ１＊０１０２、ＤＱＢ１＊０５０２（３４．５％）与汉族及其他群体明显不同，本研究表明傣族不仅具有高频率的ＤＲ２，而且与ＤＲ２相关联的ＤＲＢ１、ＤＲＢ５、ＤＱＡ１、ＤＱＢ１单倍型组合有其独特性。     

上海地区多发性硬化症与HLAⅡ类基因和抗原处理相？…

探讨上海人群中ＨＬＡⅡ类基因和抗原处理相关基因与多发性硬化症的相关性。方法,用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ和ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＯ技术对２１名上海地区无血缘关系的ＭＳ患者和８９名正常人作ＨＬＡⅡ类（ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１,－ＤＱＡ１和－ＤＱＢ１）和抗原处理相关基因（ＴＡＰ１,ＴＡＰ２和ＬＭＰ２）分型。结果患者组ＤＲＢ１＊０４０５、Ｔ 克＊０５０２（Ｐ＝０．００２５）等位基因ＤＲＢ１＊０４０５－ＤＱＡ１＊０３０１－ＤＱＢ１＊     

中国广东汉族群体HLAⅡ类基因多态性的研究

为探讨中国广东汉族群体ＨＬＡⅡ类基因多态性，采用ＰＣＲ／ＳＳＯ方法，随机选择１０２名广东籍汉族人进行了ＨＬＡⅡ类基因的ＤＮＡ分型。测定了包括ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１，ＤＲＢ３，ＤＲＢ５，ＤＱＡ１，ＤＱＢ１和ＤＰＢ１等６个基因座位的等位基因。结果：共检出２３种ＤＲＢ１，３种ＤＲＢ３，４种ＤＲＢ５，８种ＤＱＡ１，１２种ＤＱＢ１和１２种ＤＰＢ１基因。该人群的ＨＬＡⅡ类等位基因多态性的典型性表现在ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ＊１２０２的不寻常优势和ＤＲＢ１＊０２单倍型的结构的高度复杂性。还发现了很高频率的一个近年才被正式命名的ＤＰ新型：ＨＬＡ－ＤＰＢ１＊２１０１，并且此型具有极不寻常的ＤＲＢ１＊１２０２－ＤＰＢ１＊２１０１的连锁不平衡。为分子流行病学研究提供了资料。     

中国汉人HLA—DQA1基因对类风湿关节炎的遗传易感性研究

用ＰＣＲ－ＰＡＧＥ方法，结合高灵敏的银染色作ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１等位基因分型，研究ＤＱＡ１基因对类风湿关节炎（ＲＡ）的遗传易感性。选择无亲缘关系的广东籍汉族健康者１０６例和５０例ＲＡ患者。发现该方法测的６种ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１等位基因中，ＲＡ组ＤＱＡ１＊０１０１（２７％，ＲＲ＝２．３３４，Ｐ＜０．００５，ＥＦ＝０．１５４）等位基因明显增高；而ＤＱＡ１＊０１０２（１％，ＲＲ＝０．０６８，Ｐ＜０．０１，ＰＦ＝０．５７７）明显下降；ＤＱＡ１的２种纯合子基因型（０１０１／０１０１和０３０１／０３０１）在ＲＡ组明显增高（Ｐ值分别小于０．０２５和０．００５）。上述结果显示：ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１＊０１０１对ＲＡ有遗传易感作用，ＤＱＡ１＊０１０２等位基因有遗传抵抗作用；ＤＱＡ１基因型的检测对预测ＲＡ易感者和判断预后及疗效可能提供理论依据。     

HLA与IgA缺陷症相关性研究

对２０例ＩｇＡ缺陷症患者进行了ＨＬＡ－Ａ、ＤＲＢ１、ＤＱＡ、ＤＱＢ１位为的抗原分型，同时对１０７例正常进行Ａ、Ｂ分型，其中９１人进行ＤＲ、ＤＱ分型作为对照组。发现ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１＊０８０２（０．２０）ＤＱＡ１＊０４０１（０．２０）、ＤＱＢ１＊０４０２（０．２０）的升高具有显著意义，且这３个位点完全集中在同一条单倍型上。结果表明，选择性ＩｇＡ缺陷症患者确定存在着某些易感基因，在本病的病因和发病机理中     

用PCR—RFLP方法研究新疆地区汉族HLA—DQA1和—DQB1基因多态性

应用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ技术，对新疆地区汉族健康群体进行了ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１（４９人）和ＤＱＢ１（４７人）基因分型。在ＤＱＡ１１８个等位基因中，ＤＱＡ１＊０３０１的基因频率最高（３２．５６％），＊０４０１最低（１．０２％）。在ＤＱＢ１１６个等位基因中，ＤＱＢ１＊０２０１（２０．２１％），＊０３０１（１５．９６％）、＊０３０３（１４．８９％）为最常见；没有观察到＊０５０３２、＊０５０４和＊０６０５。与河北     

广东汉族类风湿关节炎某些易感基因研究

为了探讨类风湿关节炎（ＲＡ）的遗传易感基因，用多聚酶链反应－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＣＲ－ＰＡＧＥ）和银染色作ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１基因分型，对１０６例健康人和５０例ＲＡ患者进行检测。结果显示：广东汉族共检出６种ＤＱＡ１等位基因，ＲＡ患者组ＤＱＡ１＊０１０１等位基因显著增高（ＲＲ＝２．３３４、Ｐ＜０．００５、ＥＦ＝０．１５４）；ＤＱＡ１＊０１０２明显减少（ＲＲ＝０．０６８、Ｐ＜０．０１、ＰＦ＝０．５７７）；对ＲＡ组中的３１例ＤＲ４阳性患者的ＤＱＡ１基因分析显示，ＤＲ４与ＤＱＡ１＊０３０１连锁的频率显著高于健康人组（Ｐ＜０．００５）。提示ＤＱＡ１＊０１０１对ＲＡ有易感作用，而ＤＱＡ１＊０１０２有遗传抵抗作用；ＤＱＡ１和ＤＲ４基因型检测可能为预测ＲＡ易感者和估计预后提供理论依据。     

中国南方汉族人群HLA—DQB1基因对系统红斑狼疮的易感性研究

应用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ核苷酸分型方法，探讨了我国南方浙江沪汉族人群ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＢ１基因多态性与系统红斑狼疮（ＳＬＥ）的遗传关联性，对４８例ＳＬＥ患者的血样分析表明，ＳＬＥ患者具有显著高的ＤＱＢ１＊０６０１等位基因频率（３０．２１％，ＲＲ＝２．８９１９，Ｐｃａｒｒ＝０．０１１２，ＥＦ＝０．２０），ＤＱＢ１＊０６０１可能是一易感基因，而ＤＱＢ１＊０３０１（２．０８％，ＲＲ＝０．１１０８，Ｐｃｏｒｒ＝０，     

北方汉族HLA-DRB1、DQB1基因多态性的研究

目的从基因水平了解北方汉族ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１、ＤＱＢ１多态性分布,获得更完整、更准确的遗传学数据。方法应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ方法对１０７名北方汉族健康人进行了ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１、ＤＱＢ１等位基因分型。结果鉴定了１４个ＤＲＢ１等位基因,９个ＤＱＢ１等位基因,包括了ＤＲ、ＤＱ位点的全部血清学特异性。结论提供了一套比较完整准确的ＤＲＢ１、ＤＱＢ１等位基因的基因频率和连锁不平衡参数。对群体遗传和疾病关联的研究具有重要的意义。     

HLA class II DPB1, DQA1, DQB1, and DRB1 genotypic associations with occupational allergic cough to Bunashimeji mushroom

We previously reported that two-third of workers in a Bunashimeji mushroom (Hypsizigus marmoreus) farm complained of respiratory allergic symptoms, but one-third workers did not suffer from such symptoms even when working for a long period. CD4+ T-helper (Th) cells increased, and Th2/Th1 ratio increased in the allergic workers. To address these immunological backgrounds, we have investigated whether there is any relationship between mushroom allergy and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles of DPB1, DQA1, DQB1, and DRB1 by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequencing-based typing methods. We observed that the allele frequencies of DQA1*0103, DQB1*0601, and DRB1*0803 were significantly higher in the workers having no allergic symptoms than allergic workers (DQA1*0103: 57 vs 25%, DQB1*0601: 49 vs 14%, and DRB1*0803: 29 vs 0%). However, this phenomenon was not seen in workers producing another kind of mushroom, Honshimeji (Lyophyllum aggregatum). The HLA-DRB1*0803 allele alone, the DRB1*0803, DQA1*0103, DQB1*0601 haplotype, or both were negatively associated with allergy to Bunashimeji, and these alleles might be involved in the prevention of Bunashimeji mushroom-specific respiratory allergy.     

系统性红斑狼疮临床表现与HLA Ⅱ类单倍型关联的研究

目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮（ＳＬＥ）易感基因致病的模式。方法 利用多聚酶链反应／特异寡核控针杂交（ＰＣＲ／ＳＳＯＰＨ）方法检测１１３例确诊ＳＬＥ病人的ＨＬＡⅡ基因型并进行单倍型分析。结果 ＳＬＦ病人的单倍型具有特定的结构特征,即以２个或３个重型ＳＬＥ相关基因共同组成１个单倍型;反之,２个或３个轻型ＳＬＥ相关基因组成另１个单倍型;重型基因和轻型基因之间很少有强连锁不平衡。ＤＱＡ１＊０３０１－ＤＱＢ１＊     

人白细胞抗原DQB1基因与1型糖尿病相关性研究

目的　研究四川地区汉族人群人类白细胞抗原 (humanleucocyteantigen ,HLA)DQB1基因与 1型糖尿病 (type 1diabetesmellitus ,T1DM )发病年龄及糖尿病自身抗体的相关性。 方法　应用聚合酶链反应 序列特异性引物方法对 46例T1DM患者和 5 2名正常人进行HLA DQB1基因分型 ,并对T1DM患者以酶联免疫吸附法定性检测谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体 (glutamicaciddecarboxylaseantibody ,GADA)及抗胰岛细胞抗体 (isletcellantibody ,ICA)。结果　DQB1 0 2 0 1基因阳性率T1DM组高于对照组 (OR =18,P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;而DQB1 0 60 1、 0 60 2基因阳性率对照组高于T1DM组 (OR分别为 0 .0 7、0 3 1,P <0 .0 5 )。DQB1 0 60 2基因阳性率在发病年龄≥ 2 0岁T1DM组高于 <2 0岁组 (P <0 .0 5 )。携带DQB1 0 2 0 1基因的患者中 ,GADA阳性率明显高于此基因阴性的患者 (P <0 .0 2 5 )。结论　四川地区汉族人群中DQB1 0 2 0 1可能是 1型糖尿病的易感基因 ,而DQB1 0 60 2、 0 60 1是保护性基因 ,且DQB1 0 60 2基因的存在有可能推迟 1型糖尿病的发病 ;DQB1 0 2 0 1的阳性率与GADA阳性率正相关。     

Association of polymorphisms of human leucocyte antigen-DQA1 and DQB1 alleles with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese

To investigate whether human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II DQA1 and DQB1 gene polymorphisms are associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and development of HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we detected the DQA1 and DQB1 allele polymorphisms in 168 HBV carriers (including 48 chronic hepatitis B, 42 LC and 78 HCC patients) and 100 controls who had recovered from HBV infection by using polymerase chain reaction amplification with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). Our data suggest that DQA1*0102 and DQA1*0104 were associated with protection from chronic HBV infection (P(c) = 0.003) and development of LC (P(c) = 0.001), respectively, whereas DQB1*0201 conferred susceptible effect on chronic HBV infection (P(c) = 0.008). We also found that DQA1*0601, DQB1*0601 and DQA1*0201 showed some susceptible effect on chronic HBV infection and LC, respectively, however, these associations were no longer significant after Bonferroni correction (P(c) = 0.390, P(c) = 0.475 and P(c) = 0.140, respectively). No significant association has been found between DQA1 and DQB1 alleles and development of HCC. These results indicate that different subtypes of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 are associated with development of chronic HBV infection and LC, respectively, in Han Chinese population.     

HLA-DQB1*0601 is primarily associated with the susceptibility to cardiac sarcoidosis

Cardiac sarcoidosis occurs in 1-5% of sarcoidosis patients. We previously reported a significant increase of the uncommon TNFA (tumor necrosis factor alpha) allele, TNFA2 with cardiac sarcoidosis in Japanese. In order to precisely localize the susceptible locus for cardiac sarcoidosis within the HLA region, genetic polymorphisms of classical HLA genes, non-classical HLA class II genes such as HLA-DMA and -DMB genes and several genes involved in the class I-mediated antigen presentation pathway (TAP1, TAP2, LMP2 and LMP7) were investigated. Further, association analyses using four polymorphic microsatellite markers located around the TAP1 and TNFA genes were also carried out. As a result, HLA-DQB1*0601 was found to be the most significantly associated allele, being more significantly increased than TNFA2. No significant increase of the DR52-associated DRB1 alleles (DRB1*03, 05, 06 and 08), which was suggested to be primarily associated with lung sarcoidosis, was observed in cardiac sarcoidosis. A primary role of DQB1*0601 in determination of the susceptibility to cardiac sarcoidosis was supported by association analysis using four polymorphic microsatellite markers, in which only the TAP1 microsatellite locus, the nearest marker to the DQB1 gene among the microsatellites tested, displayed a significant positive association with cardiac sarcoidosis. On the other hand, the HLA-DQB1*0501-DQA1*0101-DRB1*0101-B7 haplotype showed a negative association with the disease, as similarly observed in lung sarcoidosis. Thus, molecular mechanism for controlling the development of the disease related to HLA molecules are different between cardiac and lung sarcoidosis, whereas those for conferring a resistant trait may be similar to each other.     

Different Distribution of HLA Class II Alleles in Anti-Topoisomerase I Autoantibody Responders between Silicosis and Systemic Sclerosis Patients, with a Common Distinct Amino Acid Sequence in the HLA-DQB1 Domain

Autoantibodies against DNA topoisomerase I (anti-topo I) have been reported to be specific to systemic sclerosis (SSc), however, anti-topo I was detected in patients with silicone breast implants, SLE without features of SSc, and rheumatic diseases. We detected anti-topo I positive silicosis patients without any symptoms of autoimmune diseases. The correlation between anti-topo I autoantibody responses and HLA class II has been established. HLA-DRB1*1502; DQB1*0601 has been reported to be the most frequent anti-topo I associated haplotype among Japanese SSc patients. In this study, haplotype HLA-DR15; DQ6 was detected in all 4 anti-topo I positive Asian Japanese SSc patients randomly selected. Furthermore, HLA-DQB1*0402 was identified in 3 of 4 anti-topo I positive silicosis patients. These findings coincide with the results of a previous study, in which all 4 Japanese patients with anti-topo I had the DQB1*04 alleles, whereas no studies among Caucasian-Americans, African-Americans and Choctaw Indians found the involvement of DQB1*04. We investigated common features among various DQB 1 alleles. HLA-DQB I with a distinct characteristic is clearly involved in the anti-topo I response irrespective of ethnic groups, the main disease, or silica exposure. A common positioning of distinct amino acids, (i.e. positions 14, 30, 57 and 77 of the DQbeta1 domain are methionine, tyrosine, aspartic acid and threonine, respectively,) seems to be associated with anti-topo I response. The above-mentioned amino acid sequence is detected in alleles *0301, *0303, *0306, *0401, *0402, *0601 and *0602.     

HLA-DQB1 sequencing-based typing using newly identified conserved nucleotide sequences in introns 1 and 2

Sequencing-based typing (SBT) human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II genes should examine entire exon sequences where polymorphisms lie. Primers for the amplification of complete exons therefore anneal in introns and their design relies on accurate intron sequences being available. We decided to develop a SBT method for HLA-DQB1 using amplification primers which anneal in introns 1 and 2, yet the amount of intron sequence data previously available in databases was sparse. Therefore, we undertook a systematic sequencing of introns 1 and 2 using DNA from cell lines homozygous for DQB1. This study confirmed an earlier report that the non-coding regions of this gene are the most polymorphic seen in the human genome. Intron sequences within an allele group were largely identical, the exceptions being DQB1*0301 differing from other DQB1*03 allele groups and DQB1*0601 differing from all other DQB1*06 alleles. A retroviral Alu element, related to the AluYa5a2 subfamily, was identified uniquely inserted in intron 2 of DQB1*02 alleles. For the typing approach, six amplification primers were designed based on conserved allele group sequences covering all of the HLA DQB antigens, and two sequencing primers were also designed which anneal in intron 2. This method has proved to be very robust and has been used as part of a referral DNA sequencing service for a number of years.