利培酮联合改良电休克或重复经颅磁刺激治疗精神分裂症的疗效观察

目的 探讨在非典型抗精神病药物利培酮作用基础上联合改良电休克治疗（MECT）或重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）治疗精神分裂症的疗效及不良反应.方法 将72例精神分裂症患者采用随机数字表法分为MECT组与rTMS组,各36例,分别给予利培酮（起始剂量3 ml/d,最大剂量6 ml/d）联合MECT或rTMS,在治疗1、2、4及8周末,采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定临床疗效,并且在2周末采用不良反应症状量表（TESS）评估不良反应.结果 经过8周治疗后,MECT组与rTMS组的有效率之间（72.22％比63.88％）差异无统计学意义（x2=2.017,P＞0.05）.两组在治疗前和治疗各阶段PANSS总分及各因子分差异均无统计学意义,在治疗8周末与组内治疗前比较,各项评分均显著下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.治疗2周末时评估,MECT组发生不良反应例数（25例）明显高于rTMS组（18例）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（x2=5.808,P＜0.05）.结论 利培酮联合MECT或rTMS对精神分裂症状的疗效相当,而rTMS治疗的不良反应更少.     

奥卡西平联合神经阻滞治疗原发性三叉神经痛的临床疗效

目的：分析奥卡西平联合神经阻滞治疗原发性三叉神经痛的临床疗效。方法选择2011-02-2013-09在我院接受诊治的原发性三叉神经痛患者94例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组（n＝47）与治疗组（n＝47）。对照组给予奥卡西平治疗,治疗组在奥卡西平治疗基础上采取神经阻滞治疗。结果治疗组治疗后1 d、3周、6周NRS评分均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗组总有效率91.49％,显著高于对照组的78.72％,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）;治疗组不良反应显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论奥卡西平联合神经阻滞治疗原发性三叉神经痛疗效显著,且不良反应较轻,具有重要临床价值。     

文拉法辛缓释剂与丁螺环酮治疗广泛性焦虑障碍的对照研究

目的 评价文拉法辛缓释片与丁螺环酮治疗广泛性焦虑障碍的临床疗效和安全性.方法 58例广泛性焦虑障碍患者随机分为文拉法辛缓释片组（研究组）30例、丁螺环酮组（对照组）28例,共治疗8周.采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、临床总体印象量表（CGI）评定临床疗效,不良事件量表（AE）评定安全性.结果 两组治疗后第1、2、4、6、8周末HAMA量表总分与治疗前比较均降低（P＜0.01）;两组的精神性焦虑因子和躯体性焦虑因子评分与治疗前评分比较均降低（P＜0.01）.研究组有效率83.3％,显效率66.7％;对照组有效率85.7％,显效率67.9％,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.治疗后第1、2、4、6、8周末,两组CGI量表总分与治疗前比较均降低（P＜0.01）,两组药物不良反应的发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,常见的不良反应有头痛、恶心、口干、头昏、失眠等.结论 文拉法辛缓释片与丁螺环酮片治疗广泛性焦虑障碍疗效确切,不良反应少而轻.     

甲钴胺联合前列地尔治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变疗效观察

目的：观察甲钴胺联合前列地尔治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的临床疗效,为临床治疗提供参考。方法选取90例2型糖尿病周围神经病变患者,随机平均分成治疗组和对照组,2组均进行降糖基础治疗,对照组在此基础上采用甲钴胺肌内注射治疗,治疗组采用甲钴胺联合前列地尔治疗,2组均连续治疗1个月。观察并比较2组临床疗效、肌电图神经传导速度变化及不良反应。结果治疗组总有效率84.4％（38／45）,对照组总有效率68.9％（31／45）,2组比较差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）;治疗后,2组肌电图神经传导速度均有显著改善,与治疗前相比,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）;与对照组相比观察组改善更显著（ P＜0.05）。2组均未出现严重不良反应。结论甲钴胺联合前列地尔治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变的临床疗效明显,且不良反应少,值得推广应用。     

帕罗西汀联合无抽搐电休克治疗难治性抑郁症的临床研究

目的 评价帕罗西汀联合无抽搐电休克（MECT）治疗难治性抑郁症的疗效及不良反应.方法 将符合入组标准的80例患者随机分为联合治疗组（研究组）和帕罗西汀组（对照组）,共观察6周,分别于治疗前和治疗后第1、2、4、6周末采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评定临床疗效,采用治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应.结果 治疗结束时研究组有效率显著高于对照组（分别为65.0％和42.5％,P＜0.01）.研究组治疗后第1周末起HAMD评分显著降低（P＜0.05）,而对照组治疗后第2周末起HAMD评分显著降低（P＜0.05）;治疗后第2周末起HAMD评分研究组低于对照组（P＜0.05）.两组总体不良反应发生率比较无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,在头痛、性功能障碍方面比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 帕罗西汀联合MECT治疗难活性抑郁症疗效显著,起效快,优于单用帕罗西汀治疗.     

电针结合重复经颅磁刺激治疗抑郁症的疗效

目的 观察电针结合重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）治疗抑郁症的疗效及安全性.方法 将75例抑郁症患者随机分为帕罗西汀组（A）、电针结合rTMS组（B）和帕罗西汀十电针结合rTMS组（C）,每组25例,持续治疗3周.于治疗前及治疗后第2、3周末用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评定疗效,并且以治疗不良反应量表（TESS）评估不良反应.结果 A组显效率为56％,B组为52％,C组为68％,3组比较差异无统计学意义（x2=1.512,P＞0.05）;经过2周治疗,C组患者的HAMD评分较治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗3周末,各组患者的HAMD评分均较组内治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,同时,C组评分显著低于A组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;B组不良反应发生率为24％,与A组（40％）和C组（44％）比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 电针结合rT-MS组治疗抑郁症的疗效与单纯用帕罗西汀相似,而且与帕罗西汀联合应用的起效速度更快.     

经颅重复磁刺激辅助治疗老年焦虑症继发睡眠障碍的效果观察

目的 探讨米氮平合用经颅重复磁刺激法治疗伴睡眠障碍的老年焦虑症的疗效.方法 将100例符合“老年焦虑症”诊断标准并伴有失眠的患者随机分为研究组（米氮平合并经颅重复磁刺激法）和对照组（单用米氮平）各50例.观察8周.治疗前及治疗后第2,4,8周采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）评定焦虑和抑郁症状;治疗前及治疗第8周采用多导睡眠监测技术（PSG）和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）评定睡眠状况.结果 （1）两组临床疗效有效率分别为87.23％和68.89％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（x2=4.55,P＜0.05）;（2）治疗后4、8周后,研究组HAMA、SAS及SDS分值量表分值与对照组比较较低,且差异有统计学意义（t分别为3.997 3,4.937 7,3.359 9;P＜0.05）;（3）治疗后研究组实际睡眠总时间、睡眠潜伏期、REM潜伏期、REM睡眠比例、夜间觉醒次数、觉醒总时间评分结果与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（t分别为3.565 6,3.105 7,2.705 7,2.699 1,3.614 9,19.898 8;P＜0.05）;（4）治疗后研究组PSQI评分低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=3.327 8,P＜ 0.05）;（5）两组不良反应的发生率分别为10.64％和17.78％,经比较差异无统计学意义（x2=0.97,P＞0.05）.结论 米氮平合用经颅重复磁刺激法治疗老年焦虑症伴发的睡眠障碍有较好的效果.     

中分子羟乙基淀粉联合小剂量尿激酶治疗急性脑分水岭梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察中分子羟乙基淀粉联合小剂量尿激酶治疗急性脑分水岭梗死（CWI）患者的临床疗效.方法 68例CWI患者随机分为两组,对照组（n=34）在常规治疗措施基础上加用小剂量尿激酶,观察组（n=34）在常规治疗措施基础上加用中分子羟乙基淀粉、小剂量尿激酶联合治疗.比较两组治疗总有效率,治疗前后神经功能缺损程度（NIHSS）和Barthel指数变化情况.结果 观察组治疗总有效率（88.24％）明显高于对照组（67.65％） （x2=7.383,P＜0.05）;两组患者治疗前NIHSS、Bar-thel比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,随治疗时间延长,NIHSS逐渐降低,Barthel逐渐升高,且观察组降低和升高较对照组更为显著（P＜0.05）;两组治疗期间未见严重不良反应发生.结论 中分子羟乙基淀粉联合小剂量尿激酶治疗CWI疗效显著,可明显改善神经功能缺损程度和日常生活能力,值得临床推广应用.     

前列地尔和甲钴胺联合治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效观察

目的 观察前列地尔联合甲钴胺治疗糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的临床疗效.方法 采用随机数字表法将74例DPN患者分为对照组和观察组,各37例.对照组在综合治疗措施上加用甲钴胺治疗,观察组在综合治疗措施上加用前列地尔联合甲钴胺治疗,两组疗程均为2周.比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后运动和感觉神经传导速度及不良反应.结果 观察组治疗总有效率86.5％,明显高于对照组治疗总有效率67.6％,差异有统计学意义(x2＝7.281,P＜0.05).治疗前两组患者运动和感觉神经传导速度比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),治疗后运动和感觉神经传导速度均明显快于治疗前(P＜0.05),且观察组较对照组增快更为显著(P＜0.05);两组患者治疗期间均未出现严重不良反应.结论 前列地尔联合甲钴胺治疗DPN疗效显著,可明显改善运动和感觉神经传导速度,值得推广应用.     

草酸艾司西酞普兰治疗脑卒中后抑郁的疗效分析

目的比较草酸艾司西酞普兰与舍曲林治疗脑卒中后抑郁的疗效及安全性。方法将符合入组标准的70例卒中后抑郁患者随机分为草酸艾司西酞普兰组（研究组）和舍曲林组（对照组）,各入组35例,疗程6周。用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-7）评定疗效,治疗中用不良反应量表（TESS）评定安全性。结果两组HAMD评分均较治疗前显著改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。治疗1周时研究组HAMD评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;研究组总有效率为94．3％,对照组为91．4％,两组比较差异无统计学意义（x2=66,P〉0．05）;研究组和对照组间不良反应发生率分别为20％和22．8％,差异无统计学意义（x2=0．09,P〉0．05）。结论草酸艾司西酞普兰和舍曲林治疗脑卒中后抑郁症疗效相当,不良反应轻,但前者起效快。     

早年创伤对认知功能影响的研究进展

早年创伤是一个全球普遍存在的问题,严重影响儿童、青少年的大脑发育,继而导致认知功能、人格水平、社会行为的改变。早年创伤主要是父母、监护人或其他年长者对孩子施加躯体虐待、躯体忽视、情感虐待、情感忽视或性虐待。美国一项调查显示：儿童虐待事件的发生率高达1．2％[1]。早年创伤影响认知功能的多个领域,包括学习／工作记忆、视觉空间能力、执行功能、言语智能、复杂推理搜决策、学业表现等比]。创伤造成的认知功能改变是目前国内外神经科学和精神医学领域研究的热点,但其发病机制仍不明确,鉴于早年创伤与认知功能的关系问题,现就早年创伤对大脑发育、神经认知的影响加以综述。     

Brain network markers of abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism and blood flow in Parkinson＇s disease

Neuroimaging of cerebral glucose metabolism and blood flow is ideally suited to assay widely-distributed brain circuits as a result of local molecular events and behavioral modulation in the central nervous system. With the progress in novel analytical methodology, this endeavor has succeeded in unraveling the mechanisms underlying a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, statistical brain mapping studies have made significant strides in describing the pathophysiology of Parkinson＇s disease （PD） and related disorders by providing signature biomarkers to determine the systemic abnormalities in brain function and evaluate disease progression, therapeutic responses, and clinical correlates in patients. In this article, we review the relevant clinical applications in patients in relation to healthy volunteers with a focus on the generation of unique spatial covariance patterns associated with the motor and cognitive symptoms underlying PD. These characteristic biomarkers can be potentially used not only to improve patient recruitment but also to predict outcomes in clinical trials.     

Differential cognitive responses to guqin music and piano music in Chinese subjects： an event-related potential study

Objective To compare the cognitive effects of guqin （the oldest Chinese instrument） music and piano music. Methods Behavioral and event-related potential （ERP） data in a standard two-stimulus auditory oddball task were recorded and analyzed. Results This study replicated the previous results of culture-familiar music effect on Chinese subjects： the greater P300 amplitude in frontal areas in a culture-familiar music environment. At the same time, the difference between guqin music and piano music was observed in NI and later positive complex （LPC： including P300 and P500）： a relatively higher participation of right anterior-temporal areas in Chinese subjects. Conclusion The results suggest that the special features of ERP responses to guqin music are the outcome of Chinese tonal language environments given the similarity between Guqin＇s tones and Mandarin lexical tones.     

Effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore on expression of insulin-like growth factor-1, nuclear factor-kappa B, and neuronal apoptosis in the epileptic rat brain*★

BACKGROUND：It has been reported that Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, a very well known Chinese traditional medicine, can affect immunoregulation, free radical scavenging, and anti-hypoxia responses. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1）, nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） and neuronal apoptosis in rats with pentylenetetrazol （PTZ）-induced epilepsy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cellular and molecular biology experiment with randomized controlled study design was performed at the Central Laboratory of Basic Medical College of Jiamusi University from June to August 2005. MATERIALS： Thirty healthy, adult, male, Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups （10 rats per group）： control, epilepsy model, and Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. A sub-eclampsia PTZ dose （35 mg/kg） was intraperitoneally injected to induce epilepsy in the latter two groups. Wild Ganoderma lucidum spore powder （30 g/L） was provided by the wild Ganoderma lucidum plant nursery at Jiamusi, China. Immunohistochemical detection and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediate dUTP nick end-labeling （TUNEL） kits were purchased from Wuhan Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd., China. METHODS： Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was intragastrically administered at a dose of 10.0 mL/kg, once a day for 28 days. In the epilepsy and control groups, an equivalent volume of normal saline was intragastrically administered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Immunoreactivity for IGF-1 and NF-κB/P65 were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Neuronal apoptosis was detected using TUNEL methods. RESULTS： The hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats with PTZ-induced epilepsy exhibited a higher number of apoptotic cells at high magnification （×400）, compared with the control group. Expression of IGF-1 and NF-κB were higher in the epilepsy group, compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01）. In Ganoderma lucidum spore-treated rats,     

Naoxintong dose effects on inflammatory factor expression in the rat brain following focal cerebral ischemia

BACKGROUND： Certain components of tetramethylpyrazine, a traditional Chinese medicine, exhibit protective effects against brain injury. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of different Naoxintong doses on expression of nuclear factor-kappa B （ kB）, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and complement 3 in rats following focal cerebral ischemia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2004 to June 2006. MATERIALS： A total of 150 adult, healthy, male, Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 280-320g, were selected. Naoxintong powder （mainly comprising szechwan lovage rhizome, milkvetch root, danshen root, and radix angelicae sinensis） was obtained from Buchang Pharmacy Co., Ltd. in Xianyang City of Shanxi Province of China, lot number 040608. METHODS： The rats were randomly assigned into sham operation, saline, high-dose Naoxintong, moderate-dose Naoxintong, and low-dose Naoxintong groups, with 30 rats in each group. Rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion were established using the suture method, with the exception of the sham operation group. Rats in the high-dose, moderate-dose and low-dose Naoxintong groups received 4, 2, and 1 g/kg Naoxintong respectively, by gavage. Rats in the saline group were treated with 1 mL saline by gavage All rats were administered by gavage at 5 and 23 hours following surgery, and subsequently, once per day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At 6, 24, 48, 72 hours, and 7 days following model establishment, brain water content was measured. Histopathological changes in brain tissues were detected using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Expression of nuclear factor- kB, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor- α, and complement 3 was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： A total of 150 rats were included in the final analysis with no loss. Brain water content was significantly increased in the ischemic hemisphere of rats from the saline, as well as the high-dose, mo     

Chaotic electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus – mossy fiber sprouting, epileptic seizures, and brain electrical activity in pentylenetetrazol-kindled rats★

BACKGROUND： Previous studies have demonstrated that appropriate interventions can alter brain electrical activity of epileptic patients prior to and during a seizure, leading to maintenance of a highly chaotic state, thereby inhibiting abnormal epileptic discharges, and eventually controlling epileptic seizure. OBJECTIVE： This study was designed to observe the effects of chaotic electrical stimulation to the subthalamic nucleus on mossy fiber sprouting, epileptic seizures, and electrical discharges, and to summarize the most suitable intervention. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This randomized grouping, neuroelectrophysiological study was performed at the Laboratory of Neurology, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University in September 2007. MATERIALS： Fifty-five healthy, male, Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to an epileptic model by an intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol. The YC-2 programmed electrical stimulator was provided by Chengdu Instrument Factory, China; the video electroencephalographic system （KT-88-2400） and 24-hour active electroencephalographic system were products of Contec Medical System Co., Ltd., China; pentylenetetrazol was purchased from Sigma, USA. METHODS： The present interventional method consisted of electrical stimulation to the subthalamic nucleus with an intensity of 500 μA, pulse width 0.05 ms, frequency 30 Hz, and a duration of 20 minutes for 14 successive days. Fifty-five rats were divided into 6 groups： （1） pre-stimulation （n = 10）, pentylenetetrazol was administered and 30 minutes later, chaotic electrical stimulation was performed; （2） synchronous stimulation （n = 10）, rats received pentylenetetrazol and chaotic electrical stimulation concurrently; （3） post-administration stimulation （n = 10）, after pentylenetetrazol administration, chaotic electrical stimulation was performed immediately after cessation of a seizure; （4） sham-stimulation （n = 10）, following pentylenetetrazol administration, an electrode was con     

Effect of bilobalide B on cholinergic hippocampal neurons exposed to cholesterol and apolipoprotein E4*☆

BACKGROUND： Extracts of ginkgo biloba leaves have been reported to improve nerve function and activity in Alzheimer＇s disease, which is associated with reduced secretion of cholinergic neurotransmitter in hippocampal neurons. OBJECTIVE： To validate the protective effect of bilobalide B against in vitro injury of cholinergic neurons of the hippocampus induced by combined cholesterol and apoE4 DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This randomized, controlled animal experiment was performed in the Pathology Laboratory, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2003 to July 2006. MATERIALS： Neonatal Wistar rats, 1-day-old, both male and female, and mean body mass of 5 g were selected for this study. Cholesterol and apolipoprotein E4 （apoE4） were purchased from Sigma Company （USA）, bilobalide B was purchased from Tianjin Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Factory, batch number 20050312. METHODS： Hippocampal neurons were divided into three groups： a normal control group （routinely added media）, a model group （exposed to media containing 40 mg/L cholesterol and 30 mg/L apoE4 for 24 hours） and a bilobalide B group （exposed to media containing 160 mg/L bilobalide B for 16 hours, and then with addition of 40 mg/L cholesterol and 30 mg/L apoE4 for an additional 24 hours）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Levels of acetylcholine （ACh） and activity of acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） and choline acetyltransferase （CHAT） in hippocampal neurons were determined by microdosage hydroxylamine colorimetry, hydroxylamine colorimetry and radiological chemistry, respectively. RESULTS： The ACh level was significantly lower in the model group than that in the normal control group （P 〈 0.01）, while it was markedly higher in the bilobalide B group than in the model group （P 〈 0.05）. Activity of AChE was significantly decreased in the model group compared with the normal control group （P 〈 0.05）. However, there was no significant difference between the model group and the bilobalide B group ?     

氧化应激与认知功能障碍的研究进展

氧化应激（Oxidative Stress）不仅在糖尿病、高血压病等身心疾病中起着重要作用,而且对阿尔茨海默病（AlzheimerDisease,AD）、帕金森病（Parkin-son Disease,PD）等神经精神障碍的认知功能也有一定影响。强烈或持续性的氧化应激可通过诱导细胞凋亡和炎性反应导致细胞、组织损害。流行病学及动物研究均表明,母孕期遭受应激可能会影响胎儿的神经心理发育过程,造成胎儿大脑某区域的缺陷,引起持续性认知改变、神经内分泌和行为反应,增加后代精神疾病的患病风险。现对氧化应激与认知功能障碍的机制进行综述。     

Intrathecal MK-801 inhibits formalin-induced activation of spinal p38-MAPK in rats**★

BACKGROUND： p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） plays an instrumental role in signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus, while subcutaneous injection of formalin can induce increased activation of spinal p38 MAPK. However, the mechanisms underlying the formalin-induced activation of spinal p38 MAPK in rats are unclear. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid （NMDA） receptor antagonist MK-801 on the formalin-induced activation of spinal p38 MAPK in rats. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This randomized grouping, controlled animal experiment was performed at the Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shanxi Medical University between May and November 2007. MATERIALS： Forty eight healthy, adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups： formalin ＋ normal saline （n = 12） and formalin ＋ MK-801 （n = 36）. The formalin ＋ MK-801 group was further divided into three subgroups according to the dosage of MK-801 （10, 50, and 100 nmol/L, 12 rats for each subgroup） METHODS： Following anesthesia, polyethylene tubing filled with sterile normal saline was implanted into the subarachnoid cavity. On postoperative days 5-8, rats received a 15 minute perfusion of normal saline or MK-801 （10, 50, and 100 nmol/L） in the formalin ＋ normal saline and formalin ＋ MK-801 groups, respectively, followed by formalin injection for the induction of nociceptive behavior. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Detection of total p38 MAPK and of phosphorylated p38 MAPK by western Blot analysis; observation of nociceptive behaviors in the 1 hour after formalin injection. RESULTS： Western Blot analysis revealed that injection of formalin had no effect on total p38 MAPK expression but resulted in increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in the spinal cord. This increase was apparent after 5 minutes, peaked at 20 minutes, and thereafter descended and reached control levels after 45 minutes. Pretreatment with MK-801 （10, 50, 100 nmol/L） resulted in a dose-dependent reduc     

Changes of 5-hydroxytryptamine and tryptophan hydroxylase expression in the ventral horn of spinal cord

Objective To investigate changes of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） and its synthesis rate-limiting enzyme tryp-tophan hydroxylase （TPH） in the ventral horn of spinal cord after exercise-induced fatigue, and to further discuss the mecha- nism of exercise-induced central fatigue at spinal level. Methods Sixteen healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups： exercise-induced fatigue group and control group. Immunohistochemical staining for 5-HT and TPH in the ventral horn were performed and analysized quantitatively. The mean optic densities of 5-HT and TPH positive fibers or terminals were measured by computerized image analyzer. Results Both 5-HT and TPH positive fibers/terminals decreased in the exercise-induced fatigue group. The immunohistochemical staining was weaker and the mean optic densities decreased obviously in the fatigue group compared with those in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion 5-HT and TPH in the ventral horn of spinal cord might be involved in exercise-induced fatigue.