严重烧伤时胃肠粘膜病变的实验研究

本实验通过光镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜综合研究了烧伤后胃肠粘膜的病理改变.结果表明严重烧伤后除胃粘膜的糜烂和溃疡外,突出的改变是粘膜的粘液样坏死及细菌感染;肠粘膜的损伤始于绒毛顶端,该部粘膜上皮坏死剥脱,绒毛完全裸露.肠粘膜的损伤比胃粘膜重,范围广泛,尤其是空肠粘膜的病变尤为严重.从而提示严重烧伤时不仅有胃、十二指肠粘膜的应激性溃疡,而整个胃肠道粘膜的损伤更不容忽视.     

c-jun基因与肠粘膜增殖变化

研究了解肠粘膜的增殖与粘膜上皮c-jun表达改变和感染，生长激素对肠粘膜增殖的影响，采用盲肠结扎穿孔（cecal ligation and puncture ,CLP)和经颈静脉插管微量输液泵输注建立腹腔感染及静脉营养大鼠动物模型，分为正常对照组，TPN组，感染和TPN组和生长激素加TPN组，对照组为正常摄食大鼠，后3组经颈静脉插管微量输液泵给予静脉营养，生长激素组在TPN同时每天给予生长激素1U／kg，检测小肠粘膜厚度，隐窝深度和绒毛高度以及小肠粘膜c-jun mRNA表达和肠粘膜上皮细胞增殖率变化。结果显示，TPN后小肠粘膜厚度，隐窝深和绒毛高度呈萎缩趋势，肠上皮细胞增殖率下降，感染可加重这种改变，与之相对应，肠粘膜c-jun基因表达下降，生长激素可减轻TPN大鼠小肠粘膜萎缩改变，并促进肠上皮细胞增殖和肠粘膜c-jun基因表达，提示肠粘膜c-jun的表达变化与肠粘膜增殖变化相对应，c-jun的表达变化可作为判断肠粘膜增殖状态的重要标志。     

新疆巴州地区慢性胃炎流行病学分析

1材料与方法回顾性分析2003~2004年在我院经胃镜检查并取活检、病理诊断为慢性浅表性胃炎的病例650例,诊断为慢性萎缩性胃炎的病例1285例的病人资料,慢性浅表性胃炎按(胃镜下:病变粘膜充血、发红、水肿,可有点状出血或糜烂,粘膜厚度正常。病理组织学检查:炎症仅限于粘膜浅层即腺窝(小凹)水平的固有膜内。固有膜内充血水肿,有较多的淋巴细胞、浆细胞甚至中性白细胞浸润,表面上皮和腺窝上皮显不同程度的变性、修复和再生[1])的标准;慢性萎缩性胃炎按(胃镜下:胃粘膜变薄,皱襞变浅或消失,失去正常橘红色代之以灰色或灰红色,由于粘膜变薄,可见粘…     

小肠绒毛的X线研究

小肠绒毛是小肠粘膜表面肉眼可见的最小解剖单位,在许多疾病状态下绒毛均可发生病理改变;因此对小肠绒毛的显示同胃小沟、胃小区及结肠无名沟一样,可以使小肠粘膜小的损害及疾病的早期改变得以诊断,但用常规方法在X线片上则不容易显示,本文就已发表的有关此方面的文献加以简要论述。 一、绒毛的解剖学表现 绒毛是小肠粘膜表面肉眼可见的最小解剖单位,由粘膜上皮和固有膜呈指状突起突向肠腔形成的,分布于自十     

十二指肠溃疡愈合过程中上皮的变化

应用锡类散和甲氰咪胍治疗了25例经内窥镜确诊的活动性十二指肠球溃疡患者。分别在疗前及疗后3周取溃疡旁活检组织进行HE、AB(pH2.5)、PAS和AB(pH2.5)-PAS染色。根据形态学特点,将其分为肠型、胃型及过渡型上皮。并测量游离腔面细胞密度及长度百分比。结果:溃疡愈合早期(3周),杯状细胞的恢复主要出现在溃疡旁上皮;可见到较多移行上皮。两组形态学变化无明显差异。根据内窥镜观察,溃疡愈合后仍有胃型粘膜及移行上皮存在。在大多数肠绒毛还可发现胃化生粘膜。并对上述机制进行了探讨。     

大鼠高原严重烧伤后早期小肠损伤的病理变化及复方红景天参芪花粉对其保护作用

目的：探讨高海拔地区(3480m)大鼠严重烧伤(30％Ⅲ度)后小肠病理变化以及复方红景天参芪花粉对其影响;方法：建立高原烧伤大鼠模型,156只大鼠随机分为烧伤试验组(72只),烧伤对照组(72只),正常组(12只),试验组伤前灌胃给药,其余给盐水。伤后3h、6h、12h、24h、48h和72h等6个时相点剖腹取出小肠一段,10％福尔马林固定,常规石蜡包埋切片,陋染色;结果：烧伤对照组伤后3h即出现小肠粘膜充血水肿,伤后6h～24h肠粘膜细胞变性。纹状缘消失,继而上皮细胞糜烂,但病变极少累及粘膜下层,伤后48h～72h上述病变更趋明显,固有膜内可见出血灶,粘膜下充血水肿。烧伤试验组：伤后3h小肠粘膜有轻度水肿,伤后6h～24h固有膜内少许粒细胞、淋巴细胞浸润,粘膜上皮未见明显变性糜烂。伤后48h～72h肠粘膜充血水肿减轻;结论：复方红景天参芪花粉制剂对大鼠高原严重烧伤后的小肠损害有显著的保护作用。     

胶原性肠炎

胶原性肠炎少见有独特的大肠炎症,形态学表现。1976年Lindstrom首先发现,由于其临床、病理特征相当于胶原性口炎腹泻,故选名为胶原性肠炎。1 病因和发病机理 肠粘膜的表面有许多绒毛,固有膜结缔组织组成绒毛的轴心。在固有膜内有许多肠腺,又称李氏隐窝(Crypt of lieberkiihn)。Grouls等认为,隐窝周围成纤维细胞鞘功能和分化异常可能在发病机制中占决定地位,正常隐窝周围成纤维细胞仅产生少量胶原。这种细     

γ线1000拉德照射后小鼠肠上皮损伤和修复

隐窝是肠粘膜上皮细胞增生的场所,它供给绒毛所需的细胞,并维持绒毛机能的完整性。已有大量实验证明,肠型放射病的死因主要是肠粘膜细胞更新活动丧失后引起一系列重要形态和机能改变所造成的。因此,研究大剂量照射动物肠上皮的增殖及隐     

严重急性呼吸综合征肺外器官的病理学观察研究

搞要目的进一步研究严重急性呼吸综合征(SAI褐)的部分肺外器官的病理改变。方法采用光镜、透射电镜及特殊染色方法，对l例SAI褐的部分肺外器官行病理学观察。结果患者除发生肺部变化之外，进一步观察发现，中枢神经系统(包括大脑、小脑、丘脑、桥脑及延超)呈现脑膜血管扩张、充血，脑实质内血管周围间隙增宽，血管周围少量淋巴细胞及巨噬细胞浸润，但神经细胞无明显变性、坏死；消化系统表现为消化道粘膜固有层及粘膜下血管扩张、充血，少数淋巴细胞浸润，少部分粘膜上皮及腺上皮细胞核呈空泡状，偶见细胞凋亡，胰腺间质水肿，少数淋巴细胞浸润；宰九曲细精管内偶见淋巴细胞浸润。本例死亡病例有冠状动脉粥样硬化疾病史。电镜下血管腔内血液中查见SAI褐冠状病毒颗粒，但脑、宰九等组织内均未发现SARS冠状病毒颗粒。结论SAI褐病例中枢神经系统可呈轻度缺氧反应性改变，未见冠状病毒感染；SAI褐发病期血液内存在冠状病毒；该死亡病例存在冠状动脉硬化基础病变，推测慢性心血管疾病等可能为SAIzS患者的死亡促发因素之一。     

肝细胞生长因子对大鼠移植小肠粘膜形态及功能的作用

使用近交系Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠行异位全小肠移植。术后第２天开始给予肠外营养至第１０天,对照组行常规全胃肠外营养（ＴＰＮ）支持,肝细胞生长因子（ＨＧＦ）组行常规ＴＰＮ支持的同时加用ＨＧＦ〈观察移植肠形态学及吸收功能。ＨＧＦ组移植肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、粘膜厚度及绒毛表面积均明显大于对照组,肠上皮细胞超微结构基本保持完好,对照组则出现明显线粒体肿胀,嵴短小紊乱和微绒毛萎缩。ＨＧＦ组小鼠移植大鼠血浆＾１５Ｎ－     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.