深圳市生食海鲜致病弧菌的分离与鉴定

我们对深圳市部份酒楼供应的生食海鲜食品进行了致病性弧菌的检验。用全自动微生物分析仪进行菌种鉴定。并将常规生化鉴定与仪器鉴定的检出率进行比较。结果表明：各类海鲜食品均存在不同程度的污染，从样品中分离出副溶血弧菌、溶藻弧菌、创伤弧菌、非０１非０１３９弧菌，表明生食海鲜食品存在诱发食源性病患的可能     

南汇区致病性弧菌调查分析

目的了解南汇地区腹泻患者致病性弧菌带菌情况及食品及水样中存在致病性弧菌情况，为防病提供依据。方法对泥城、航头监测点的腹泻患者肛拭、食品和海河水等样品按照圈标方法进行致病性弧菌检测。结果腹泻患者监测阳性率为3．82％。食品致病性弧菌检出率为7．4％，水样7．95％。结论腹泻病人与环境中致病性弧菌污染存在相关关系，有季节性差异。应注意氧化酶阴性菌株，避免漏检并注意饮食应卫生。     

食品污染物中致病性弧菌污染情况调查分析

目的:了解温州市食品污染物中致病性弧菌的污染状况,初步确定可能污染致病性弧菌的高危食品,为食物中毒监测提供科学依据和为食品安全的危险性评估提供依据。方法:采用分步筛选及系统鉴定方法对食品样品进行致病性弧菌检测[1~3]。结果:检测生肉(牛、羊、鸡、猪)、熟肉制品、水产品、冷菜等其他食品共4大类样品149件,检出致病性弧菌95株,总检出率55.7%;4大类食品中致病性弧菌阳性率最高的为水产品(74.1%),其次生肉类为64.3%;而农贸市场样品污染率最高。结论:温州市食品致病性弧菌的污染严重,主要是副溶血性弧菌的污染,建议要加强食品卫生监督管理。     

进出境船舶压舱水致病性弧菌的调查

目的：了解致病性弧菌的存在情况以及其与船舶卫生控制措施和卫生状况间的关系，为传染病监测及制定措施提供科学依据。方法：对珠海港入出境船舶压舱水和饮用水中致病性孤菌进行流行病学调查，采集入出境船舶压舱水、饮用水和珠海港海域海水，对水样进行弧菌的分离鉴定及统计分析。结果：压舱水致病性弧菌检出率为86．20％，海水致病性弧菌检出率为78．13％，入境船舶上的饮用水致病性弧菌检出率为26．47％；入境船舶上饮用水致病性弧菌检出率大大高于管道饮水中检出率；船舶卫生状况不同时，其饮用水中致病性弧菌检出率差异有显著性；在压舱水中检出12种致病性弧菌，其中以深藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌、沙鱼弧菌、创伤弧菌为主要优势菌；分离自压舱水的2株溶血性弧菌中检测到耐热溶血素基因。结论：致病性弧菌广泛分布于压舱水和海水中，制定规范的压舱水卫生管理措施乃当务之急。     

2018年北海市市售动物性水产品致病性弧菌污染状况调查

目的了解北海市动物性水产品中致病性弧菌的污染状况,为控制食源性疾病及食物中毒事件的发生提供依据。方法对北海市3个城区随机采集市场和超市销售的动物性水产品样本,参照《2018年国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》中的微生物检验标准进行致病性弧菌检测。结果采集动物性水产品样品240份,检出致病性弧菌180份,总检出率为75.00%,其中海水产品的致病性弧菌检出率为91.67%,淡水产品的检出率为58.33%,海水产品的检出率高于淡水产品(χ^2=35.56,P<0.05)。检出4种致病性弧菌,其中副溶血性弧菌的检出率最高(57.92%),其次为溶藻弧菌(55.83%),创伤弧菌、河弧菌的检出率分别为10.83%和6.67%,未检出霍乱弧菌。海水产品副溶血性弧菌检出率(78.33%)高于淡水产品(37.50%)(χ^2=41.05,P<0.05)。检出的139株副溶血性弧菌均携带tlh毒力基因,tdh和trh两种毒力基因均未检出。结论北海市动物性水产品致病性弧菌污染较为严重,存在较大的食品安全风险,应加强水产品养殖和流通环节的致病性弧菌监测。     

PCR检测冷冻食品中“活的非可培养状态”的副溶血弧菌

目的比较应用传统培养和PCR技术检测引起食物中毒的食品和患者肛拭子副溶血弧菌的方法。方法按照国家标准GB4789和有关规范采集引起食物中毒的食品和患者样品,采用传统培养方法分离鉴定病原菌,并结合分子生物学技术提取食品和患者样品的总DNA、PCR扩增病原菌特异性基因。结果 12份患者肛拭子样品中有8份样本分离培养出同一血清型O3：K6的副溶血弧菌,8份样本PCR扩增副溶血弧菌毒力基因结果也呈阳性;患者食用过的海鲜等18份冷冻食品采用传统培养方法均未分离到活的副溶血弧菌,但其中有2份食品PCR扩增结果呈阳性。结论本研究表明,患者的肛拭子用传统培养方法分离鉴定副溶血弧菌结果与PCR扩增结果一致;而冷冻的海鲜食品中副溶血弧菌也许进入了＂活的非可培养（VBNC）＂状态,难以通过分离培养方法检测出来,但用PCR技术能扩增出其存在的特异性基因,从而提高检测病原菌的敏感性。     

海鱼弧菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

[目的]检测登步乡养殖的三疣梭子蟹发病的主要病啄菌。[方法]样本参考何晓青主编的《卫生防疫细菌检验》进行分离鉴定和药敏试验,并结合API-20E试剂条鉴定结果。[结果]从发病三疣梭子蟹中分离到海鱼弧菌,并经感染试验证实该菌高浓度(10^8cfu／ml)能使三疣梭子蟹致死。该菌除对青霉素G、羧苄青霉素、万古霉素,杆菌肽具有耐药性外,对氨基氮类、头孢类和喹喏酮类药物均敏感。[结论]海鱼弧菌是该乡养殖梭子蟹发病的主要病原菌之一．氨基氮类、头孢类、喹喏酮类等药物均可作为治疗药物。     

温州市生食海产品中2种致病性弧菌的调查分析

目的了解温州市生食海产品中2种致病性弧菌的污染状况,预防因食用生食海产品而引起食源性疾病。方法参照国家标准GB 4789.7—2013,取增菌液划线TCBS和m CPC琼脂平板,分别挑取可疑菌落于TSA琼脂斜面,然后进行氧化酶试验,阳性菌株穿刺TSI并同时进行嗜盐性试验,符合初步鉴定结果的可疑菌通过系统生化试验进行确认。结果在759份生食海产品中检出2种致病性弧菌186株,其中副溶血性弧菌检出163株(21.5%),创伤弧菌检出23株(3.0%)。温州市6个地区检出率最高的是瑞安(53.3%),最低的为洞头(2.5%)。虾、牡蛎、三文鱼中2种致病性弧菌污染程度比较高,而牡蛎和花蛤中创伤弧菌检出率比较高。第二季度和第三季度的检出率分别为27.1%、18.4%。结论温州地区生食海产品中副溶血性弧菌和创伤弧菌的污染率比较高,需要重点关注花蛤和牡蛎污染的问题,必须加强对生食海产品的市场监督和管理工作。     

从一例腹泻病人血性便中检出一株副溶血性弧菌

从一例腹泻病人血性便中检出一株副溶血性弧菌杨守丽聂秀敏王献军哈尔滨市太平区卫生防疫站（黑龙江１５００５０）副溶血性弧菌是弧菌科、弧菌属的一个种，是食物中毒重要的病原菌之一。该菌广布于近海岸的海水、海底沉积物及鱼、贝类、海带、牡蛎、梭子蟹及乌贼之中。此...     

舟山市三疣梭子蟹养殖环境及生物体内细菌学研究

目的研究舟山市三疣梭子蟹养殖环境及生物体内几类主要细菌的数量分布和异养细菌的区系组成.方法参照Oliver提供的海洋细菌鉴定检索图[1]、<海洋调查规范>[2]、和<一般细菌常用鉴定方法>[3]提供的图式鉴定至属.结果总异养菌、弧菌、反硝化细菌、氨化细菌、硫酸还原菌、总大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群在水体、底泥和梭子蟹体内具有相同的数量变化趋势.所分离的细菌经鉴定可归于1个科与9个属,其中水体和底泥的菌群组成具有一定的差异,而梭子蟹体内与环境水体中的菌群组成差别不大.结论当养殖环境水体中异养菌总数大于 1.0×105 cfu/ml,弧菌总数大于 1.0×104 cfu/ml 时有可能引起梭子蟹病害的发生.     

12个省市自治区水产品霍乱弧菌污染情况调查

目的了解霍乱弧菌在不同水产品及其流通环节中的污染情况,为制定霍乱预防控制措施提供依据。方法2005年7-9月在全国12个省、自治区、直辖市对不同种类水产品样本进行调查和霍乱弧菌的检测。结果共调查检测海、水产品样本12104份,霍乱弧菌总阳性检出率为0．52％。各类样本以甲鱼阳性率（1．72％）最高,其次为养殖水（1．14％）、蛙类（0．50％）,贝类最低（0．08％）。检测61株霍乱弧菌菌株47．54％为产毒株,且79．31％分离自甲鱼和养殖水。甲鱼在多环节的阳性率均较高,以养殖环节阳性率最高（2．38％）。结论我国12省（自治区、直辖市）水产品及其流通环节霍乱弧菌污染总体处于较低水平,甲鱼卫生管理问题应受到高度重视。     

南京夏秋季海产品中副溶血性弧菌的污染监测及其毒力与耐药性

目的了解南京市夏秋季海产品中副溶血性弧菌(Vibro parahaemolyticus,VP)的污染状况以及分离菌株的毒力与药物敏感性。方法自农贸市场与饭店采取海产品样品,参考国标法(GB/T4789-2008)对样品进行检测,用科玛嘉弧菌显色培养基进行分离培养,对紫红色菌落进行PCR鉴定,对分离菌株进行神奈川试验与药物敏感试验。结果在296份样品中共检出副溶血性弧菌237株,检出率为80.1%,其中冷冻与保鲜海鱼类检出率为96.4%,贝壳类产品检出率为80.8%,鲜活鱼虾类检出率为6.7%,鲜海带类检出率为40.9%,海蜇类检出率为66.7%。VP种属特异性的基因tlh的PCR鉴定与显色培养基的鉴定结果一致;237株VP神奈川试验阳性69株;常用抗生素出现不同程度耐药,完全不耐药的分别为头孢曲松、头孢呋肟、万古霉素、美满霉素、奥复星、麦迪霉素、先锋霉素Ⅴ、丁胺卡那霉素、诺氟沙星、丙氟哌酸、复达欣等。结论南京夏秋季海产品中存在严重的副溶血性弧菌污染,分离菌株含毒力占29.1%,对16种抗生素存在不同程度的耐药。显色培养基用于海产品中副溶血性弧菌的快速检测与PCR检测结果一致。     

北海市海产品微生物污染及其影响因素调查

目的了解北海市海产品微生物污染状况,探讨影响不同类型海产品、不同食用人群的环节和主要影响因素。方法对该市销售量较大的海产鱼类、软体类和甲壳类共3类18种海产品,计120份样品进行采样和微生物检测;收集、核实近5年以来本市辖区内食源性疾病次数进行比对分析。结果调查120份海产品,在检测6种相关微生物中仅检出副溶血性弧菌19份,检出率为15.8%。其中软体类、甲壳类和海水鱼类中的检出率分别为16.7%、16.2%和14.6%。不同处理方式的海产品中新鲜的检出率最高(21.5%),其次为冰冻的(18.5%),干货则未检出,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.99,P0.05)。该市近5年食物中毒69起,以细菌性为主(43起),而其中因副溶血性弧菌引起的有26起(60.5%)。结论该市的海产品一定程度上受到副溶血性弧菌污染,新鲜的软体类海产品属于微生物污染高危海产品种类,应开展深入的污染控制研究和加强必要的监管。     

实时荧光定量PCR和PFGE在检测海产品中副溶血性弧菌的应用

目的 应用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)筛检海产品中副溶血性弧菌,结合常规培养以提高检出率;应用PFGE对32株副溶血性弧菌进行分子分型分析。方法 在常规培养的基础上,应用RT-PCR对96件样品增菌液进行初筛,再用常规培养法确证阳性;用阳性似然比与阴性似然比、符合率与Kappa值做为指标,评价RT-PCR筛检的真实性和可靠性;用限制性内切酶 SfiⅠ对32株菌进行PFGE分子分型,用BioNumerics Version 5.01软件对图像进行聚类分析。结果 96件样品常规培养法检出率24.00%,RT-PCR/常规培养法检出率33.33%。阳性似然比为3.88,阴性似然比为0.06。符合率为80.21%,中、高度一致(Kappa值=0.57);32株菌得到31个PFGE图谱类别,相似性在62.1%~100.0%之间,可分5个聚类群。结论 RT-PCR在检测海产品中副溶血性弧菌有很好的初筛作用,RT-PCR /常规培养法使用价值高;海产品中副溶血性弧菌亲缘关系较远,显示高度多态性。     

Crayfish: a newly recognized vehicle for vibrio infections.

We conducted a 1-year case-control study of sporadic vibrio infections to identify risk factors related to consumption of seafood products in two coastal areas of Louisiana and Texas. Twenty-six persons with sporadic vibrio infections and 77 matched controls were enrolled. Multivariate analysis revealed that crayfish (P < 0.025) and raw oysters (P < 0.009) were independently associated with illness. Species-specific analysis revealed an association between consumption of cooked crayfish and Vibrio parahemolyticus infection (OR 9.24, P < 0.05). No crayfish consumption was reported by persons with V. vulnificus infection. Although crayfish had been suspected as a vehicle for foodborne disease, this is the first time to our knowledge that consumption of cooked crayfish has been demonstrated to be associated with vibrio infection.     

我国沿海五省市致病性弧菌的分布调查及病原学研究

为了解致病性弧菌在我国沿海地区的分布情况及致病规律 ,对沿海 5省市 10个地区的 51份水样及食品进行了微生物学检测和病原学调查 ,结果共检出致病性弧菌 4 5株 ,以豚鼠气单胞菌( 2 6.7% )、溶藻弧菌 ( 2 2 .2 % )和副溶血弧菌 ( 11.1% )占多数 ,这与从急性感染性腹泻病人粪便中分离的弧菌主要菌种基本相同。东海、南海和黄海致病性弧菌的分离率相近 ,在 67%～ 77%。 2 9份水源水中有 2 7份检出致病性弧菌 ,检出率为 93.1% ,共检出 38株菌 ,主要分布在江水 ( 31.5% )、河水 ( 2 6.3% ) ,其次为海水和塘水 (均为 2 1.1% )。结果表明 ,致病性弧菌在水源水中的分布与其致病性密切相关 ,应加强致病性弧菌的监控、诊断和治疗 ,以降低发病率。     

三峡库区重庆段水体中致病性弧菌分布的初步调查

对三峡库区重庆段水体中致病性弧菌分布进行初步调查，从４３８件水样中检出致病性弧菌１５１株，其中以非Ｏ１群霍乱弧菌和气单胞菌为主，同时检出溶藻弧菌、拟态弧菌等８种致病性弧菌     

一起副溶血性弧菌引起的食物中毒调查分析

目的　为了解副溶血性弧菌食物中毒发生特点 ,制定防治对策。方法　对某酒店 2 0 0 3年 7月 17日发生的食物中毒进行调查分析。结果　 3 3 0人一起进餐 ,餐后 3h出现首例中毒病人 ,至 3 1h 3 0min止共发病 2 9例 ,罹患率为 8.79% ,该起食物中毒是由于海产品加工不当、生熟容器混用交叉污染而引起的。结论　煮熟煮透、生熟分开是预防副溶血性弧菌食物中毒的关键环节     

Urinary arsenic species, toenail arsenic, and arsenic intake estimates in a Michigan population with low levels of arsenic in drinking water

The large disparity between arsenic concentrations in drinking water and urine remains unexplained. This study aims to evaluate predictors of urinary arsenic in a population exposed to low concentrations (≤50?μg/l) of arsenic in drinking water. Urine and drinking water samples were collected from a subsample (n=343) of a population enrolled in a bladder cancer case-control study in southeastern Michigan. Total arsenic in water and arsenic species in urine were determined using ICP-MS: arsenobetaine (AsB), arsenite (As[III]), arsenate (As[V]), methylarsenic acid (MMA[V]), and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA[V]). The sum of As[III], As[V], MMA[V], and DMA[V] was denoted as SumAs. Dietary information was obtained through a self-reported food intake questionnaire. Log(10)-transformed drinking water arsenic concentration at home was a significant (P<0.0001) predictor of SumAs (R(2)=0.18). Associations improved (R(2)=0.29, P<0.0001) when individuals with less than 1?μg/l of arsenic in drinking water were removed and further improved when analyses were applied to individuals who consumed amounts of home drinking water above the median volume (R(2)=0.40, P<0.0001). A separate analysis indicated that AsB and DMA[V] were significantly correlated with fish and shellfish consumption, which may suggest that seafood intake influences DMA[V] excretion. The Spearman correlation between arsenic concentration in toenails and SumAs was 0.36 and between arsenic concentration in toenails and arsenic concentration in water was 0.42. Results show that arsenic exposure from drinking water consumption is an important determinant of urinary arsenic concentrations, even in a population exposed to relatively low levels of arsenic in drinking water, and suggest that seafood intake may influence urinary DMA[V] concentrations.     

Detection of Salmonella, Listeria spp., Vibrio spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica in frozen seafood and comparison with enumeration for faecal indicators: implication for public health

Infections transmitted through consumption of contaminated seafood is a significant source of human morbidity. The aim of this study was to compare the detection of Salmonella, Listeria, Vibrio, and Yersinia enterocolitica in frozen seafood with results from enumeration of conventional faecal indicators. A total of 213 crustaceans or molluscs were purchased from local vendors in Italy: 74% were harvested in Italy, 25% from other European countries and 1% from outside Europe. Listeria spp. was isolated from 20% of samples, Vibrio spp. from 11%, Salmonella from 3% and Y. enterocolitica from 1%. Listeria species isolated were L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. welshimeri, L. ivanovii and L. seeligeri. Vibrio species isolated were V. alginolyticus and V. fluvialis. The most contaminated shellfish for both faecal indicator microrganism and pathogens were hen clams (6% contained Salmonella, 27% Listeria spp. and 3% Y. enterocolitica), while from 27% of shrimps Vibrio spp. was recovered. Higher levels of faecal indicators were recovered from samples harvested outside Europe, and 66% of samples harvested in Thailand were contaminated from Salmonella. Significant differences were found in the levels of contamination of seafoods depending upon the freezing regime, but there was a limited association between presence of potential pathogens (particularly Vibrio spp.) and conventional faecal indicators. Hence, we suggest reconsideration of current legal parameters to evaluate microbiological quality of seafood.