活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

目的 研究活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)KIR2DS1阳性的自然杀伤(NK)细胞对急性髓系白血病(AML)靶细胞的杀伤作用;并探讨NK细胞KIR及人类白细胞抗原Cw位点(HLA-Cw)与靶细胞HLA-Cw错配对靶细胞的杀伤机制.方法 获取健康供者的外周血,经Dnyal磁珠负选高纯度NK细胞;取初治确诊的AML患者新鲜骨髓液,分离后的白血病细胞作为靶细胞.用抗CD158a和CD158b单克隆抗体封闭NK细胞抑制性KIR(如:KIR2DL1、KIR2DL2和KIR2DL3),并用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法分别检测抑制性KIR封闭前和封闭后NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用.采用聚合酶链反应和顺序特异性引物(PCR-SSP)基因分型技术分别检测NK细胞及靶细胞的KIR基因和HLA-Cw;根据HLA-Cw将NK细胞和靶细胞分别分为C1组(表达HLA-Cw 01、03、07、08、12、14、16分子)、C2组(表达HLA-Cw02、04、05、06、15、17、18分子)和C1/C2组(既表达C1组的等位基因又表达C2组的等位基因).结果 分选后的NK细胞经流式细胞仪检测,其纯度为(90.8±6.08)%;NK细胞抑制性KIR封闭后与封闭前比较,其对靶细胞的杀伤作用明显增强(t=-3.00,P=0.005);KIR2DS1阳性的NK细胞C1组对靶细胞C2组的杀伤作用高于靶细胞C1及C1/C2组,杀伤率分别为(57.370±1.400)%、(44.190±4.666)%和(36.770±6.560)%(F=11.87,P=0.021);NK细胞抑制性KIR封闭后,其对各组靶细胞的杀伤率更高(F=18.72,P=0.009).结论 NK细胞抑制性KIR封闭后其活性增强,KIR2DS1阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤率高于KIR2DS1阴性的NK细胞;NK细胞KIR及HLA-Cw与靶细胞HLA-Cw错配,能够介导KIR2DS1阳性的NK细胞C1组抗原的异源反应性,实现"丢失自我"的识别作用,从而使NK细胞对靶细胞杀伤率增强.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

肾移植术后外周血自然杀伤细胞的CD158b表达及意义

目的探讨肾移植术后外周血自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)的CD158b表达及意义。方法测定62例患者肾移植前、术后第1d、术后第7d、肾功能正常时以及疑有排斥反应时外周血NK细胞的CD158b表达水平。结果62例中,术后38例肾功能恢复正常,观察期内无排斥反应发生,移植前后外周血CD3-CD16/CD56 细胞(NK细胞)及CD3-CD16/CD56 CD158b 细胞稳定,NK细胞中CD158b 细胞的比例也稳定;24例术后7～14d发生急性排斥反应,其外周血CD3-CD16/CD56 细胞呈上升趋势,CD3-CD16/CD56 CD158b 细胞呈下降趋势,NK细胞中CD158b 细胞的比例也呈下降趋势,经单因素方差分析,各指标在不同测定时点的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论干扰NK细胞表达CD158b的因素较少,在临床上做出排斥反应诊断前,患者外周血中NK细胞的CD158b表达即呈下降趋势,因此术后监测NK细胞的CD158b表达可为评价患者的免疫状况提供依据。     

Role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in immunity and tolerance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Dendritic cells (DC) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of alloimmune reactions, such as graft-vs.-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In humans, two types of DC-myeloid DC (mDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) have been characterized and have distinct origins and functions. The data obtained from studies in vitro suggest that pDC are involved in the regulation of immunity, including the induction and maintenance of tolerance, as well as in the defence against viruses. The authors will review all the evidence currently available from reports exploring the role of pDC in clinical allogeneic HSCT.     

供者表达活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体对造血干细胞移植预后的影响

目的 观察供者表达活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体（aKIR）对受者造血干细胞移植（HSCT）预后的影响。方法 1996年至2001年共行亲缘性人类白细胞抗原（HLA）全相合骨髓移植59例，以序列特异性引物多聚酶链反应法（SSP-PCR）检测供者aKIR的表型。分析供者表达aKIR对受者移植后病毒、细菌和真菌感染及出血、复发、存活情况的影响。结果 供者表达aKIR与受者移植后出血、病毒及细菌感染发生的概率无明显相关性；当供者表达KIR3DS1表型时，发生真菌感染概率增高（X^4．804，P=0．028）。供者表达aKIR对受者HSCT后存活率和白血病复发率均无明显影响。结论 亲缘性HLA全相合HSCT中，供者表达aKIR并不能改善受者的移植效果。     

输注供者自然杀伤细胞对小鼠单倍型相合造血干细胞移植的影响

目的 探讨输注供者自然杀伤(NK)细胞对小鼠单倍型相合造血干细胞移植的影响.方法 选取C57BL/6(H-2b)雄性小鼠为供者、CB6F1(H-2d/b)雌性小鼠为受者.移植前制备供者的骨髓细胞(BMC)、脾细胞(SC)及脾NK细胞,NK细胞经体外培养扩增和激活;所有受者均接受直线加速器X线全身照射(TBI)预处理.TBI后将受者分为4组(每组10只),分别进行单倍型相合造血干细胞移植.单纯TBI组:TBI后不输注细胞,仅作为对照;单纯BMC输注组:输注5×106个BMC;诱发GVHD组:输注5×106个BMC+1.5×107个SC;NK细胞输注组:输注5 x 106个BMC+1.5×107个SC+1×107个NK细胞,并腹腔注射100 ng重组人白细胞介素2(rhIL-2)和1μg rhIL-15,持续7 d.移植后观察各组受者GVHD的发生情况,并对各组受者进行组织病理学、供者细胞嵌合度和免疫功能重建等检测.另取TBI后受者20只,设白血病复发组和白血病治疗组,每组10只.白血病复发组:输注5×106个BMC+1×107个SC+2×106个白血病细胞株EL9611;白血病治疗组:在白血病复发组的基础上再输注1 x 107个NK细胞,并腹腔注射100 ng rhIL-2和1μg rhIL-15,持续7 d.观察两组受者白血病复发情况和移植后100 d的存活率.结果 单纯BMC输注组受者无GVHD发生,NK细胞输注组受者GVHD的评分和组织病理学改变均较诱发GVHD组轻(P<0.05)f诱发GVHD组的免疫功能重建较NK细胞输注组延迟.白血病复发组和白血病治疗组移植后100 d的存活率分别为20%和90%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 输注激活的供者NK细胞可以减轻小鼠单倍型相合造血干细胞移植后的GVHD,减少白血病复发,促进免疫功能重建.     

肾移植受者血他克莫司浓度对外周血自然杀伤细胞及其受体的影响

目的 研究肾移植受者血他克莫司(Tac)浓度对外周血自然杀伤(NK)细胞及其受体的影响.方法 将2007年12月至2009年7月间的60例受者纳入研究,术后受者均采用以Tac为基础的免疫抑制方案.根据术后6个月监测到的血Tac浓度将受者分为低浓度组和高浓度组[各为30例,术后6个月时血Tac浓度分别为(6.84±1.72)和(11.88±2.59)μg/L],另以20名健康志愿者作为对照组.术前和术后6个月,采用流式细胞术检测NK细胞及其抑制性受体(CD85j和CD158d)和活化性受体( CD94、NKG2D)的表达情况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测免疫耐受分子分泌型HLA-G5( sH LA-G5)的表达水平.结果 术前低浓度组和高浓度组受者外周血NK细胞绝对值均较对照组显著降低(P＜0.05),术后6个月时低浓度组和高浓度组NK细胞比例及绝对值较对照组均显著降低(P＜0.05),低浓度组NK细胞绝对值显著高于高浓度组(P＜0.05).术前两组间CD85j、CD158d、CD94、NKG2D表达的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后6个月时低浓度组和高浓度组CD85j和CD158d的表达较术前升高,CD94和NKG2D的表达下降,而低浓度组CD85j和CD158d的表达显著高于高浓度组(P＜0.05).经Spearman系数统计,CD85j和CD158d与sHLA-G5呈正相关(P＜0.01),NKG2D与sHLA-G5呈负相关(P＜0.01).结论 肾移植受者血Tac浓度与外周血NK细胞数量及其受体的表达具有相关性,低血Tac浓度受者的NK细胞数量及其抑制性受体的表达升高,仍然能有效保护移植肾功能.