肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤四例临床分析

目的 探讨肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤的临床特征、危险因素和防治措施.方法 回顾性分析2003年8月至2008年12月间行肝移植术的726例受者中新发恶性肿瘤的临床资料.结果 在726例肝移植受者中,术后新发恶性肿瘤4例,发生率为0.6%;患者均为男性;新发恶性肿瘤的类型分别为:急性髓性白血病、胃癌、肺癌和未分化肝肉瘤;患者肝移植时年龄为42～57岁,中位年龄52岁,肿瘤确诊时的年龄为45～60岁,中位年龄53岁;从接受肝移植手术至发生肿瘤的时间为6～38个月,中位时间31个月.4例患者均死于肿瘤进展和多器官功能衰竭.肝移植术至死亡时间为12～48个月,中位时间39.5个月;确诊为新发恶性肿瘤至死亡时间为6～10个月,中位时间8.5个月.结论 肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤国内发病率低于国外;确诊时间较晚是患者死亡的主要原因;重视癌前病变和高危因素,早期诊断,早期治疗是提高疗效的关键.     

肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤四例临床分析

目的 探讨肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤的临床特征、危险因素和防治措施.方法 回顾性分析2003年8月至2008年12月间行肝移植术的726例受者中新发恶性肿瘤的临床资料.结果 在726例肝移植受者中,术后新发恶性肿瘤4例,发生率为0.6%;患者均为男性;新发恶性肿瘤的类型分别为:急性髓性白血病、胃癌、肺癌和未分化肝肉瘤;患者肝移植时年龄为42～57岁,中位年龄52岁,肿瘤确诊时的年龄为45～60岁,中位年龄53岁;从接受肝移植手术至发生肿瘤的时间为6～38个月,中位时间31个月.4例患者均死于肿瘤进展和多器官功能衰竭.肝移植术至死亡时间为12～48个月,中位时间39.5个月;确诊为新发恶性肿瘤至死亡时间为6～10个月,中位时间8.5个月.结论 肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤国内发病率低于国外;确诊时间较晚是患者死亡的主要原因;重视癌前病变和高危因素,早期诊断,早期治疗是提高疗效的关键.     

肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤四例临床分析

目的 探讨肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤的临床特征、危险因素和防治措施.方法 回顾性分析2003年8月至2008年12月间行肝移植术的726例受者中新发恶性肿瘤的临床资料.结果 在726例肝移植受者中,术后新发恶性肿瘤4例,发生率为0.6%;患者均为男性;新发恶性肿瘤的类型分别为:急性髓性白血病、胃癌、肺癌和未分化肝肉瘤;患者肝移植时年龄为42～57岁,中位年龄52岁,肿瘤确诊时的年龄为45～60岁,中位年龄53岁;从接受肝移植手术至发生肿瘤的时间为6～38个月,中位时间31个月.4例患者均死于肿瘤进展和多器官功能衰竭.肝移植术至死亡时间为12～48个月,中位时间39.5个月;确诊为新发恶性肿瘤至死亡时间为6～10个月,中位时间8.5个月.结论 肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤国内发病率低于国外;确诊时间较晚是患者死亡的主要原因;重视癌前病变和高危因素,早期诊断,早期治疗是提高疗效的关键.     

肾移植受体术后新发恶性肿瘤临床分析

目的总结肾移植受体术后新发恶性肿瘤的特点和治疗要点。方法回顾性分析759例肾移植受体中43例术后新发恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料,总结肾移植术后新发恶性肿瘤的发病特点、治疗方法及预后。结果肾移植受体术后新发恶性肿瘤发生率为5.7%。发病年龄(52±11)岁,肿瘤确诊时间为移植术后60(13~193)个月。43例恶性肿瘤中包括原肾肾癌9例、膀胱癌7例、肺癌6例、淋巴瘤5例、大肠癌4例、乳腺癌4例、皮肤癌2例、肾上腺癌1例、胃癌1例、原发性肝癌1例、胰腺癌1例、头皮血管肉瘤1例和脑膜瘤1例,确诊后采取手术、调整免疫抑制方案、放射治疗或化学药物治疗等方案治疗。术后1、5年存活率分别为81%和63%。结论肾移植受体术后恶性肿瘤发生率高于正常人,且以泌尿系统肿瘤最常见。治疗应以根治性手术切除为主,无法手术者采用抗肿瘤综合治疗,同时减少免疫抑制剂用量并调整用药方案,可有效延长患者存活时间。     

肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤的临床特征研究

目的研究肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤的临床特征。方法选取2005年1月至2021年4月于青岛大学附属医院器官移植中心规律随访的成人肝脏移植患者作为研究对象, 回顾性分析新发恶性肿瘤的类型和临床特征。共纳入601例成人肝移植受者, 其中女性105例, 男性496例, 年龄(51.4±9.6)岁。以随访期间内是否合并新发恶性肿瘤将601例肝移植受者分为新发恶性肿瘤组(n=26)和非新发恶性肿瘤组(n=575)。收集患者年龄、性别、肝移植术前基础疾病、手术时间等临床资料。以门诊复查的方式随访。结果共有26例患者被诊断为肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤, 共计28例次(其中2例患者为2次发现不同的新发恶性肿瘤), 肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤的发病率为4.3%(26/601)。肝移植手术到诊断新发恶性肿瘤的中位时间为42(20, 70)个月。肝移植术后1、3、5、10、15年新发恶性肿瘤的累积发病率分别为0.5%、2.0%、6.3%、21.0%、34.5%。在28例次新发恶性肿瘤中, 消化系统肿瘤最多, 共17例次(60.7%), 其次是肺癌3例次(11.1%), 淋巴系统增殖性疾病2例次(7.4%), 宫颈癌、甲...     

肝移植术后新发肺癌1例临床分析附文献复习

目的探讨肝移植术后新发肺癌的临床特点、危险因素、预防及治疗。方法回顾性分析2003年10月至2009年12月间接受肝移植术的726例受者中的1例新发肺癌病例的临床资料。结果该院肝移植术后新发肺癌发生率0.14%（1/726）。该例为男性,肝移植时年龄为57岁,从接受肝移植手术至发生肿瘤历时26个月,从确诊新发肺癌至死亡历时10个月,死于肿瘤进展、多器官功能衰竭。结论肝移植术后新发肺癌的发生率较低;确诊时间较晚,疗效不佳;重视肝移植术后随访,早期诊断和早期治疗新发肺癌是提高疗效的关键措施。     

肝移植术后新发肺癌的护理体会

目的:探讨肝移植术后新发肺癌的临床特征,并总结相关的护理经验和体会.方法:回顾性研究我院1例肝移植术后新发肺癌的资料.结果:肝移植术后患者从手术到发生肿瘤历时25个月,从确诊新发肺癌到死亡时间历时5个月,死于肿瘤进展,多器官衰竭.结论:肝移植术后新发肺癌临床早期诊断和早期治疗是提高疗效的关键,针对肺癌的临床特征,采取有针对性护理措施,从而提高生活质量.     

肝移植术后新发食管癌1例临床分析并文献复习

目的探讨肝移植术后新发食管癌的发病情况、危险因素、预防及治疗。方法对2003年8月至2008年12月中山大学附属第三医院肝移植中心行肝移植术后生存半年以上并能接受定期随访的416例受者,观察其新发恶性肿瘤的情况,分析新发食管癌患者的临床资料,同时进行文献复习。结果该中心肝移植术后新发食管癌1例,发生率为0．24％（国外平均发生率为0．11％）。该例男性患者肝移植时年龄为49岁,术前有长期吸烟史和嗜酒史,术后不完全戒酒、戒烟,术后46个月发现食管癌,从确诊新发食管癌至死亡历时10个月,死于肿瘤进展、多器官功能衰竭。结论烟酒史、免疫抑制过强是肝移植术后新发恶性肿瘤的危险因素,针对高危因素进行规范随诊以及优化免疫抑制方案,是早期防治和提高疗效的关键。     

原位肝移植70例报告

目的　探讨肝移植治疗终末期肝病的临床效果。方法　在过去2年内,70例终末期肝病患者接受了72例次原位肝移植手术,其中包括1例小儿减体肝移植。结果　手术近期死亡18例（25.7%）,随访期间死亡14例(26.9%),术后胆道并发症发生率23%,肝动脉并发症20%。术后生存时间超过6个月者30例,超过1年者17例,其中肝癌组（31例）,有9例术后生存已超过6个月,3例超过1年。结论　减少外科手术并发症是提高肝移植手术成功率以及长期存活的关键。对于肝硬化合并原发性肝癌的患者,肝移植应作为首选的治疗方法。     

肝移植治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化的远期效果观察

目的 观察肝移植治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)的远期效果.方法 对15例接受了肝移植的终末期PBC患者进行长期随访,中位随访时间为70个月(38～86个月),记录并总结随访期间患者的相关资料,分析肝移植术后患者的预后、新发疾病以及术后远期存活率.结果 15例PBC患者共接受原位肝移植16例次,其中1例因原发性移植肝无功能进行了2次肝移植.术后患者均采用环孢素A(或他克莫司)+霉酚酸酯+激素的三联免疫抑制方案,部分患者使用了熊去氧胆酸.术后2周时,患者肝功能指标基本恢复正常,乏力、皮肤瘙痒及黄疸等症状缓解,患者的生存质量明显改善.术后有4例患者出现新发疾病(26.7%),1例为乙型肝炎病毒感染,2例为自身免疫性肝炎,1例为结肠癌,经治疗后2例好转,2例治疗无效死亡.肝移植术后,患者无PBC复发,1、2和5年的存活率分别为100%、100%和86.7%.结论 肝移植可提高终末期PBC患者的生存质量和存活率,但一些少见的新发疾病对患者的远期存活率影响较大.     

Evidence of differential risk for posttransplantation malignancy based on pretransplantation cause in patients undergoing liver transplantation

Organ transplant recipients are considered to be at greater risk for developing malignancy because of the prolonged immunosuppression associated with organ grafting. The purpose of this study is to determine risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of de novo nonlymphoid malignancies after liver transplantation from a large single-center series. All patients undergoing liver transplantation at the King's College Hospital (London, UK) between January 1988 and December 1999 were analyzed retrospectively for the development of de novo malignancy in the posttransplantation period. Records were evaluated for age at diagnosis of malignancy, cause of liver disease, interval from transplantation to diagnosis of malignancy, predisposing factors for the development of cancer, immunosuppression regimen, treatment of malignancy, rejection episodes, and patient survival. Of 1,140 patients undergoing 1,271 liver transplantations, 30 patients (2.6%) developed de novo nonlymphoid malignancy after transplantation. Skin cancers were the most common (n = 13), followed by oropharyngeal carcinoma (n = 2), bladder carcinoma (n = 2), acute leukemia (n = 2), breast carcinoma (n = 2), and various other malignancies (n = 9). The mean time of presentation of the malignancy after transplantation was 45.1 ± 32 months (range, 6 to 133 months), and mean age at diagnosis of malignancy was 55 years (range, 34 to 71 years). The incidence of de novo malignancy was significantly greater in patients who underwent transplantation for alcoholic liver disease compared with other groups (P < .001). Although the incidence of de novo nonlymphoid malignancy after liver transplantation is low, patients who underwent transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis appear to have an increased risk for developing posttransplantation malignancy. (Liver Transpl 2002;8:482-487.)     

肾移植术后新发恶性肿瘤临床分析

目的探讨肾移植术后新发恶性肿瘤的临床特征。方法回顾性分析2001年6月至2005年1月在中山大学附属第五医院行‘肾移植术后生存半年以上并能接受定期随访的236例受者中新发恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果在236例肾移植受者中,共有新发恶性肿瘤5例,发生率2．1％（5／236）。患者均为男性,新发肿瘤类型分别为直肠癌2例、肺癌1例、移行细胞癌1例、非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例。患者肾移植时年龄为46—70岁,平均年龄61岁,肿瘤确诊时的年龄为48～73岁,平均年龄65岁;从接受。肾移植手术至发生肿瘤的时间为14～77个月,平均时间46个月。5例患者经确诊为新发恶性肿瘤后,给予手术治疗和（或）化学药物治疗及减少免疫抑制剂或者转换免疫抑制方案治疗,均未发生肾功能异常和排斥反应。其中2例患者死于肿瘤进展和多器官功能衰竭,3例存活。结论 肾移植术后新发恶性肿瘤进展隐匿迅速,早期诊断、早期治疗是提高其疗效的关键措施。     

De novo malignancies after kidney and liver transplantations: experience on 582 consecutive cases

De novo malignancies after transplantation are a growing problem of solid organ transplant recipients, due to longer survival follow-up under chronic immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to analyze a population of 582 consecutive kidney (n = 382) and liver (n = 202) transplant recipients, who survived at least 12 months after transplantation, at a single transplant center for the development of de novo cancers. The incidence of de novo malignancies was 7% after both renal and liver transplantation. The median elapsed time from transplant to the diagnosis of de novo malignancy was 45 months (range 3 to 220) months for kidney and 37 months (range 12 to 101 months) for liver transplants. Skin cancers were the most common within renal recipients, while gastroenteric cancers were more frequently encountered in liver transplants. Oropharyngeal and upper digestive tract tumors were always associated with a history of chronic alcohol consumption in liver recipients. Liver transplant recipients treated for acute rejection had a worse cancer prognosis than patients without rejection 1- and 2-year survivals 83% and 63% versus 36% and 17% (P = .026). The estimated 1- and 2-year survival rates for all types of de novo malignancies were 79% and 66%, including 64% and 51% for solid organ tumors versus 89% and 89% for skin cancers and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) (P = .17) in renal transplants and 70% and 42%, including 57% and 28% for solid organ tumors versus 85% and 64% for skin cancers and PTLD (P = .43) in liver transplants respectively.     

Incidence and risk factors of development of lung tumors after liver transplantation

INTRODUCTION: Lung tumors have been related to tobacco and alcohol. The incidence increases after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) especially when it is performed because of alcoholic cirrhosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the incidence and risk factors for de novo lung tumors among 701 patients who underwent OLT between April 1986 and July 2004, after exclusion of pediatric recipients and adults who died within 2 months after OLT. RESULTS: The incidence of de novo lung tumors was 15 patients (2.1%), including 12 (4.3%) who underwent OLT for alcoholic cirrhosis and 3 (0.7%) for nonalcoholic diseases. There were 14 men and 1 woman of mean age at OLT of 50.8 +/- 9.6 years. Mean time from OLT to lung tumor was 83 +/- 43 months (range, 10-184 months). Thirteen patients (86.6%) were heavy smokers before OLT and 8 (61.5%) continued after OLT; 12 patients (80%) were heavy drinkers before OLT. Ten patients were immunosuppressed with CyA and 5 with tacrolimus. Acute rejection episodes before tumor diagnosis occurred in 6 patients (40%). Two patients underwent thoracotomy, but only one was resected. The remaining 13 patients were unresectable because of locally advanced tumor or metastatic disease. Two unresectable patients received palliative chemotherapy. All patients died with a mean survival from tumor diagnosis, of 5.3 months (range, 3 days to 33 months). CONCLUSION: A significantly higher incidence of lung tumors was observed among patients who underwent OLT for alcoholic cirrhosis, usually diagnosed in advanced stages of poor prognosis and low survival.     

Clinical Significance of De Novo Malignancy After Liver Transplant: A Single-Center Study

BackgroundSeveral studies have reported that solid organ transplant recipients have a high risk for malignant tumors because the suppressed immune system fails in preventing malignant transformations. De novo malignancy after transplantation is the most common cause of death in the late period after liver transplant (LT). This study investigated the clinical significance of de novo malignancy after LT, and it is the largest study based in Korea to report long-term follow-up results associated with de novo malignancy after LT.MethodsData of 1793 adults who underwent LT in Seoul National University Hospital were retrospectively collected, and medical charts and data from the Ministry of Public Administration and Security were reviewed to examine the causes of death and de novo malignancy status. The Fisher exact test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to analyze the data.ResultsOf the 1793 recipients, 27 died of de novo malignancies. Of 875 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, 12 died, and of 918 non-HCC patients, 15 died. De novo malignancy was the main cause of death at 5 years after LT but was not in the initial 5 years. In Korea the most common cancers that developed after LT were gastric cancer (21.4%) and lymphoma (14.3%). De novo HCC in non-HCC cases was found in 2 patients.ConclusionDe novo malignancy is a key factor affecting long-term survival after LT. Therefore, regular screening and education are important for improving long-term survival and quality of life in these patients after LT.     

De novo malignancies after liver transplantation: incidence comparison with the Korean cancer registry

Purpose

De novo malignancy is not uncommon after liver transplantation (OLT). We have compared the incidence of novo malignancy following OLT with those among the general Korean population.

Methods

Between January 1998 and December 2008, 1952 adult OLT were performed, including 1714 living donor and 238 deceased donor grafts whose medical records were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Among the 1952 patients, 44 (2.3%) showed de novo malignancies after a mean posttransplant period of 41 months. Among the 14 types of malignancy the most frequent was stomach cancer (n = 11; 25.0%), colorectal cancer (n = 9; 20.5%), breast cancer (n = 4; 9.1%), and thyroid cancer (n = 3; 6.8%). These patients underwent aggressive treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, except for one patient with an aggressive primary liver cancer. Over a mean follow-up of 45 months after diagnosis of de novo malignancy, 13 patients (29.5%) died; the overall 3-year patient survival rate was 67.5%. The relative risk of malignancy following OLT was 7.7-fold higher in men and 7.3-fold higher in women than the Korean general population.

Conclusions

OLT recipients must be checked periodically for de novo malignancy throughout their lives, especially for cancers common in the general population.     

Prevention of de novo hepatitis B infection in recipients of hepatic allografts from anti-HBc positive donors.

BACKGROUND: The shortage of donor organs occasionally mandates the use of hepatic allografts from anti-HBc+ donors in recipients who are susceptible to de novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin and lamivudine to prevent de novo HBV infection in anti-HBs negative recipients of allografts from anti-HBc+ donors has not been investigated. METHODS: After liver transplantation with an allograft from a donor positive for anti-HBc, recipients who were anti-HBs-, HbsAg- received hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) 10,000 IU i.v. daily for 7 days and monthly for 6 months. After 6 months, 1000 IU of HBIG was given IM. every 2 weeks for 18 months. Patients transplanted after 4/1/97 were given lamivudine 150 mg daily starting postoperative day 1. RESULTS: Between 8/14/96 and 6/10/98, 264 orthotopic liver transplants were performed and 16 anti-HBs-, HbsAg- patients received an hepatic allograft from a donor positive for anti-HBc. HBIG mono-therapy was administered to one patient. HBIG and lamivudine combination therapy was administered to 15 patients. Of the 16 patients, 8 were positive only for anti-HBc before transplant, and 8 were naive (anti-HBs-, anti-HBc-). The single patient who received HBIG monotherapy became HbsAg+ at 6 months. All patients receiving combination therapy with HBIG and lamivudine have remained HbsAg-. The average follow-up is 459 days (range 170-754). Two patients died from unrelated causes. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy with HBIG and lamivudine may prevent de novo HBV infection in anti-HBs-, HbsAg- recipients of hepatic allografts from anti-HBc+ donors.