反穿刺技术在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的应用

目的探讨反穿刺技术在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中应用的可行性、安全性及其临床效果。方法 2014年5月~2015年5月,对26例Ⅰ~Ⅲ期胃癌施行反穿刺腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术(近端胃癌根治术8例,全胃切除术16例,远端胃癌根治术2例),通过主操作孔将吻合器抵钉座放入腹腔,切开食管(或十二指肠)前壁3~4 cm,置入抵钉座,用腔内直线切割吻合器切割闭合食管(或十二指肠)残端,完成抵钉座放置。在腹腔内完成胃切除,在上腹正中3~5 cm小切口辅助下进一步完成食管-空肠吻合、食管-残胃吻合或十二指肠-残胃吻合。结果全组均顺利完成手术,抵钉座放置时间5~16 min,平均12 min,均在术后第2~3天肛门排气,无吻合口漏、吻合口狭窄及出血、腹腔感染等并发症,术后9~10 d出院。术后随访3~6个月,无复发。结论反穿刺技术安全、可行,临床效果较满意,可减小腹壁辅助切口,达到微创的目的。     

完全腹腔镜下根治性全胃切除术治疗近端胃癌30例

探讨完全腹腔镜下根治性全胃切除术治疗近端胃癌临床疗效。2014年3月—2016年2月对30例近端胃癌患者行完全腹腔镜下根治性全胃切除术,常规淋巴结清扫,直线切割闭合器离断胃食管、胃十二指肠并行食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合,手工缝合吻合口共同开口。30例手术均顺利完成,手术时间160～250 min,岀血200～400 mL,清扫淋巴结11～30枚。术后无出血、无吻合口狭窄及十二指肠残端漏,2例发生吻合口瘘,保守治疗痊愈。完全腹腔镜下根治性全胃切除术治疗近端胃癌,应用直线切割闭合器行消化道重建,手工缝合吻合口共同开口,可减小腹部辅助切口,减轻患者痛苦,安全可行,近期疗效满意。     

3D完全腹腔镜根治性全胃切除术消化道重建方式的选择

随着腹腔镜技术的进步和手术水平的提高,腹腔镜根治性全胃切除术得到越来越多的开展,但目前开展较多的是腹腔镜辅助下的全胃切除与消化道重建。与腹腔镜辅助的胃癌根治术相比较,完全腹腔镜胃癌根治术在全腹腔镜下行消化道重建,具有更小的切口、更佳的观察和操作视野,对于病灶较大、位置较高及肥胖患者仍然适用,但对手术技术有更高的要求。完全腹腔镜全胃切除术消化道重建首选食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合,其吻合方式主要有两种,即应用管型吻合器行食管空肠端侧吻合和应用直线切割闭合器行食管空肠侧侧吻合,但何种吻合方式为最佳仍有诸多争议。随着3D技术的发展与兴起,目前已有文献报道完全3D腹腔镜下全胃切除术,初步证实完全3D腹腔镜全胃切除术安全可行并较传统2D腹腔镜具有更清晰的术野及空间定位,更有助于完成高质量的完全腹腔镜下全胃切除及消化道重建。     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术消化道重建术式的选择技巧

腹腔镜胃癌根治术后消化道重建,应保证与开腹术式一样的重建效果和质量。由于肿瘤标本需要借助腹部切口取出,因此可充分利用腹部切口进行胃癌根治术后的消化道重建,如抵钉座置入、胃-空肠吻合、十二指肠残端加强、气腹重建等相关操作,均可通过腹部小切口顺利完成,从而大大降低手术难度,明显缩短手术时间和节省费用。为此,笔者就目前国内外文献报道的腹腔镜胃癌根治术后消化道重建术式的选择技巧与展望做一总结,结合笔者所在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院的腹腔镜全胃切除术后改良反穿刺抵钉座置入术、气腹再次重建、腹腔镜下食管空肠吻合等经验进行综述。     

腹腔镜全胃切除术后不同食管空肠吻合方法临床应用探讨

目的 介绍完全腹腔镜全胃切除术后7种食管空肠吻合方法。方法 回顾性分析2011年12月至2015年6月广东省中医院胃肠外科收治的胃癌病人93例临床资料,接受全胃切除后行完全腹腔镜食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合,其中圆形吻合器法包括反穿刺、侧方置入、直接置入、荷包缝合及经口钉砧座置入装置（OrVilTM）,直线切割闭合器法包括食管空肠顺蠕动侧侧吻合（Overlap）和食管空肠功能性端端吻合（FETE）。分析术中及术后结果。结果 手术时间（293.7±85.3）min,食管空肠吻合时间（23.0±5.8）min,直接置入法在食管空肠吻合时间上略显优势,平均时间（18.2±3.7）min。术中并发症4例,术后并发症3例,均处理成功,无手术相关死亡。结论 7种完全腹腔镜下全胃切除术后食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合均安全可行。     

全腹腔镜胃癌根治术消化道重建及相关并发症处理

全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术消化道重建方式主要为BillrothⅠ式三角吻合、BillrothⅡ式吻合和胃空肠Roux-enY吻合。BillrothⅠ式三角吻合的应用须严格把握适应证,而胃空肠Roux-en-Y吻合近年来有增多趋势,BillrothⅡ式+Braun吻合和非离断式Roux-en-Y吻合较Roux-en-Y吻合更简单易行,在全腹腔镜下操作时更易于掌握。全腹腔镜全胃切除术消化道重建可分为腔内直线切割闭合器吻合与圆形吻合器吻合两种方式,当前对各类应用直线切割闭合器进行重建的关注多于圆形吻合器。随着直线切割闭合器在全腹腔镜下的应用逐渐成熟,其各种优势开始逐渐显现,并且是真正意义上的全腹腔镜吻合方式。由于全腹腔镜下重建较小切口辅助手术视野更好,操作空间更大,吻合过程均在腹腔镜监视下完成,而且随着腹腔镜下切割吻合器械的研发与改进,其吻合更安全可靠,且并发症的发生率亦逐渐降低。     

全腹腔镜全胃切除＋D2淋巴结清扫＋Orvil辅助食管空肠Roux－en－Y吻合术

食管空肠吻合采用OrVil腔内行食管空肠Roux－en－Y吻合,巡回护士将OrVil装置经口放入,引导胃管缓慢送到食道下端并到达食道切缘,主刀用超声刀锐性切开食道切缘正中暴露OrVil的引导胃管,用肠钳将OrVil引导胃管从食道残端的小孔内拉出,直到食道切缘的小孔卡住钉砧头,然后剪断OrVil与引导胃管之间的连接线,确定屈氏韧带,远端25 cm处直线切割闭合器离断空肠,残端包埋,结肠前上提远端。取上腹正中切口,长约4 cm,放置切口保护器,外套装7号手套,于手套拇指剪切口进管状吻合器,重新建立气腹行腹腔镜下食管空场吻合。     

腹腔镜下胃十二指肠三角吻合技巧与应用

<正>全腹腔镜下胃癌根治术的消化道重建切口更小、创伤更少、恢复更快,是外科医师追求的一种更高层次的腹腔镜手术。然而,对行远端胃大部切除的胃癌患者,全腹腔镜下远端胃大部切除术后的胃十二指肠吻合在技术上存在一定难度。2002年Kanaya等[1]提出一种新型全腹腔镜下残胃十二指肠三角吻合技术,该技术完全在腹腔镜下应用直线切割闭合器完成残胃和十二指肠后壁的功能性端端吻合,吻合口内部的缝钉线呈三角形。其在腹腔镜下的操作具有     

腹腔镜胃肠手术中消化道重建方式的选择和技术难点

消化道重建是腹腔镜胃肠手术中的关键步骤．目前使用器械吻合多于手工吻合．但相比传统手术尚无明显优势。腹腔镜远端胃大部切除常用的消化道重建方法有胃十二指肠吻合（毕Ⅰ式）、胃空肠Roux-en-Y吻合和胃空肠吻合（毕Ⅱ式）;腹腔镜全胃切除术的重建术式很多．但目前认为最合理且成熟的方法首推无储袋的食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合．而采用经口底钉座置入装置（OrVilTM）进行吻合更容易掌握,并能进行更高位置的吻合;腹腔镜近端胃大部切除的重建方法主要是胃食管吻合。腹腔镜直肠手术的消化道重建。特别是低位、超低位直肠癌根治术的消化道重建目前较理想的是吻合器结肠直肠吻合和手工缝合的结肠肛管吻合：绝大多数结肠手术后的肠道重建均通过取标本的辅助小切口拖出体外进行。期待更新的理念与器械的出现．以进一步简化消化道重建的手术步骤．使之更趋快捷、安全和有效。     

腹腔镜胃癌手术的消化道重建

近年来。腹腔镜胃癌手术在中国发展迅速,手术步骤包含足够范围的胃切除、合理的淋巴清扫和消化道重建3部分．其中消化道重建是腹腔镜胃癌手术的关键。腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术常用的消化道重建方式有胃十二指肠吻合（毕Ⅰ式）、胃空肠吻合（毕Ⅱ式）和胃空肠Roux-en-Y吻合：腹腔镜根治性全胃切除术的消化道重建方式首推食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合：腹腔镜近端胃癌根治术的消化道重建方式主要是食管胃吻合．食管-管状胃吻合能有效降低反流性食管炎的发生率。小切口辅助下消化道重建费用较低、易于掌握、适合国情、值得推荐。     

Reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract by hemi-double stapling method for the esophagus and jejunum using EEA OrVil in laparoscopic total gastrectomy and proximal gastrectomy

We report the method of anastomosis based on a hemi-double stapling technique (hereinafter, HDST) using a trans-oral anvil delivery system (EEA OrVil) for reconstructing the esophagus and lifted jejunum following laparoscopic total gastrectomy or proximal gastric resection. As a basic technique, end-to-side anastomosis was used for the cut-off stump of the esophagus and lifted jejunum. After the gastric lymph node dissection, the esophagus was cut off obliquely to the long axis using an automated stapler. EEA OrVil was orally, and a small hole was created at the tip of the obliquely cut-off stump with scissors to let the valve tip pass through. When it was confirmed that the automated stapler and center rod were made completely linear, the anvil and the main unit were connected with each other and firing was carried out. Then, HDST-based anastomosis was completed. The method may safe laparoscopic anastomosis between the esophagus and reconstructed intestine.     

腹腔镜远端胃癌切除胃空肠Uncut Roux-en-Y吻合术

远端胃切除和淋巴结清扫结束后,进行腹腔镜消化道重建。首先提起横结肠,寻及Treiz韧带,提起距之约25 cm处的空肠,经系膜无血管区带线标记并待提出。沿观察孔切口绕脐向上延切口长约3~4 cm,自此切口取出标本。将标记小肠牵引线连同近端空肠自切口拖出,确认远近端后,距牵引线标记近端8 cm与远端40 cm处空肠行侧侧吻合,于标记线处用闭合器(无刀片)闭合肠管但不予以切断。最后将肠管还入腹腔,关闭腹部切口后,重新建立气腹。在闭合处远端2 cm使用直线切割缝合器行空肠残胃侧侧吻合,并关闭共同开口。     

Proximal gastrectomy and gastric tube reconstruction for early cancer of the gastric cardia

BACKGROUND: Advances in diagnostics and techniques have increased the number of detections of early cancer of the gastric cardia. The aim of this report is to describe a new technique of proximal gastrectomy and gastric tube reconstruction using an autosuture stapler. METHODS: At operation, the upper part of the stomach was fully mobilized, and the abdominal esophagus was transected. The stomach was cut between the points of the distal three fourths of the lesser curvature and a half of the greater curvature, and a gastric tube measuring 20 cm in length and 4 cm in width was made. A circular stapler was inserted through a stapled line, and direct anastomosis between the esophagus and gastric tube was completed. RESULTS: When compared with the patients who underwent proximal gastrectomy and jejunal interposition, those who underwent gastric tube reconstruction showed a significantly shorter operation time. All 3 patients who underwent proximal gastrectomy and gastric tube reconstruction recovered uneventfully and took foods satisfactorily. Good passage through the gastric tube was recognized on roentgenography, and reflux esophagitis or stomal ulcer was not found on fiberscopy. CONCLUSIONS: We believe the procedure is technically simple and safe, and provides good postoperative results in patients with early cancer of the gastric cardia.     

STEP-BY-STEP ESOPHAGOJEJUNAL ANASTOMOSIS AFTER INTRA-CORPOREAL TOTAL GASTRECTOMY FOR LAPAROSCOPIC GASTRIC CANCER TREATMENT: TECHNIQUE OF "REVERSE ANVIL"

Background

The laparoscopic gastrectomy is a relatively new procedure due mainly to the difficulties related to lymphadenectomy and reconstruction. Until the moment, technique or device to perform the esophagojejunal anastomosis by laparoscopy is still a challenge. So, a safe, cheap and quickly performing technique is desirable to be developed.

Aim

To present technique proposed by the authors with its technical details on reconstruction with "reverse anvil".

Method

After total gastrectomy completed intra-corporeally, the reconstruction starts with the preparation of the intra-abdominal esophagus cross-section next to the esophagogastric transition of 50%. A graduated device is prepared using Levine gastric tubes (nº. 14 and 10), 3 cm length, connected to the anvil of the circular stapler (nº. 25) with a wire thread (2-0 or 3-0) of 10 cm, which is connected to end of this device. The whole device is introduced in reverse esophagus. The esophagus is amputated and the wire is pulled after previous transfixation in the distal esophagus and the anvil positioned. The jejunal loop is sectioned 20-30 cm from duodenojejunal angle, and the anvil put in the jejunal loop and connect previously in the esophagus. Linear stapler (blue 60 mm) is used to close the opening of the jejunal loop.

Conclusion

The "reverse anvil" technique used by the authors facilitated the transit reestablishment after total gastrectomy, contributing to obviate reconstruction problems after total gastrectomy.     

完全腹腔镜进展期远端胃癌根治术并改良Roux－en－Y吻合

常规5孔法操作,根据D2淋巴结清扫原则进行胃周淋巴结清扫并解剖离断相应血管。直线切割缝合器离断十二指肠,预切除线处离断胃体。标本装入自制标本保护套。距Treitz韧带15 cm处直线切割闭合器离断空肠,将远端小肠与残胃大弯侧行胃空肠侧侧吻合。沿脐旁做弧形绕脐切口约2～3 cm,将标本取出,并提起近端空肠与远端小肠体外完成端侧吻合。术中失血30 ml,手术时间150 min。     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic esophagojejunostomy using newly developed purse-string suture instrument "Endo-PSI"

Although there are several reports on the esophagojejunostomy during laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy, the procedures still remain to be established. We report hand-assisted laparoscopic esophagojejunostomy using circular stapler and newly developed instrument "Endo-PSI." Between April 2005 and April 2006, 13 patients received these products during laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy. The Endo-PSI was attached to the abdominal esophagus using hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery. The insertion of the straight needle with 2-0 polypropylene into the device and the cutting of the esophagus were also performed using hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery. The insertion of the anvil head into the esophagus and the ligation of the purse-string suture were performed laparoscopically. After the jejuno-jejunal anastomosis was performed extracorporeally, the combination of the circular stapler for esophagojejunostomy and the closure of the stump of the jejunum were performed laparoscopically. There were no complications attributable to this procedure and there were no cases that required conversion to conventional open procedure or required extension of median incision. This newly developed Endo-PSI was useful for laparoscopic purse-string suture.     

腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的应用体会

目的：探讨腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的可行性。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年6月间在河南大学淮河医院接受改良法腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的26例患者的临床资料。按全直肠系膜切除理念清扫淋巴结和游离结直肠后,在距肿瘤远侧2 cm处以直线切割闭合器切断闭合肠管,组织钳夹将游离的远端直肠经肛门外翻拖出后敞开,标本经保护套从肛门拖出,体外切除标本后在腹腔镜引导下完成吻合。结果26例患者手术均获成功。手术时间（126±35） min,术中出血（33±61） ml,清扫淋巴结（17.0±5．6）枚,术后排气时间（2．7±1．3） d,术后住院时间（7．9±2．6） d,术后发生吻合口出血1例。结论腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜直肠癌根治术安全可行。     

完全腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术25例临床分析

目的探讨完全腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术的技术可行性和应用安全性。方法回顾性分析2011年12月至2013年1月间在烟台毓璜顶医院接受完全腹腔镜下远端胃癌根治术的25例患者的临床资料,所有患者在胃癌切除后均通过直线切割缝合器于腹腔镜下完成Delta吻合重建或Roux．en．Y吻合重建。结果25例患者均在完全腹腔镜下成功完成远端胃切除和消化道重建,其中Delta吻合19例,Roux—en—Y吻合6例。Delta吻合时间（35．7±8．4）min,手术总耗时（256＋23．6）min;Roux—en—Y吻合时间（46．4±12．1）min,手术总耗时（287＋11．5）min。25例病例术中出血量（109．6±42．3）ml,术中应用腔内切割缝合器钉仓平均5．6枚／例。术后肛门排气时间（2．8±1．2）d,恢复流食时间（3．5±0．9）d。术后发生并发症3例（12．0％）,分别为腹腔内出血、腹腔内感染和短期胃瘫各1例。结论腹腔镜远端胃癌根治性切除后,采用直线切割缝合器完成腹腔镜下消化道重建安全可行。     

完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿

目的探讨完全腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的可行性。方法 2011年3～9月,对6例先天性胆总管囊肿行完全腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y吻合术。术中常规切除胆囊,游离囊肿壁,于正常肝总管交界处离断。距十二指肠悬韧带15～20 cm处切断空肠,于断端远端下方约50 cm处用腔镜直线切割吻合器行肠肠吻合,镜下用3-0可吸收线行肝总管-空肠端侧吻合。结果手术均获成功。术后随访3～9个月,平均5.5月,无出血、胆漏、吻合口狭窄、肠漏、腹腔脓肿、逆行感染等并发症发生。结论完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿是可行的,并且具有切口小、术后腹壁瘢痕小、创伤轻、美观等微创特点。