Stromal Clusterin Expression Predicts Therapeutic Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Background

Expression of clusterin correlates with tumor progression and therapeutic response in several human malignancies, including breast cancer. However, its predictive value in the neoadjuvant setting in breast cancer remains unexplored. The objective of this explorative study was to determine whether clusterin expression in breast cancer correlated with clinical pathologic characteristics and whether its expression was predictive of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

外周血生物标志物与PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗肺癌疗效的相关性

研究外周血生物标志物对接受PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗的肺癌患者疗效的预测及指导意义。方法 收集接受PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗的200例肺癌患者的资料,包括临床指标、外周血指标、疗效指标及生存指标等。结果 无肝转移、免疫联合化疗、NLR≤2.81、LDH≤202.5 u/L患者的疾病控制率（DCR）更高（P<0.05）。NLR联合LDH预测DCR的AUC值为0.698（P<0.05）。单因素分析示无肝转移、一线免疫治疗、免疫联合化疗、LDH≤202.5 u/L均与PFS有关（P<0.05）。多因素分析示无肝转移、LDH≤202.5 u/L患者的PFS更长（P<0.05）。探索性分析示两周期免疫治疗后NLR、LDH的明显下降提示免疫治疗的有效性（P<0.05）。结论 NLR≤2.81、LDH≤202.5 u/L、无肝转移、免疫联合化疗与免疫治疗疗效呈正相关,且无肝转移、LDH≤202.5 u/L是接受免疫治疗患者的独立预后因素。另外,外周血NLR、LDH的变化与PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的疗效相关。     

Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint during DC vaccination induces potent protective immunity against breast cancer in hu-SCID mice

Immune checkpoints, such as the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, negatively interfere in the efficiency of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we demonstrated that the blockade of PD-L1 signaling could promote DC maturation, proliferation, and IL-12 secretion, augment DC primed T cell response and reverse tumor cell dampened T cell impairment. Blockade of PD-L1 signaling during DC vaccination showed better therapeutic effects than classic DC vaccination by preventing tumor growth and prolonging survival times in a breast tumor-bearing hu-SCID model. Taken together, suppressing immune checkpoints during DC vaccination might be a more efficient strategy for cancer therapy.     

PD-1和PD-L1与胃癌患者预后相关性的Meta分析CSCD

目的系统评价PD-1和PD-L1的表达对胃癌患者预后的影响。方法对PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学数据库(CBM)、Embase、中国知网(CNKI)等数据库进行文献检索。纳入研究为PD-1/PD-L1表达与胃癌患者预后关系的队列研究。采用RevMan 5.3软件对总生存期(OS)进行Meta分析。结果共纳入10项(3 093例胃癌患者)符合条件的队列研究。单因素和多因素分析显示,PD-1和PD-L1的表达与胃癌患者预后无明显相关性,PD-1的高表达与淋巴结转移(N^+)有显著相关性,PD-L1的高表达与胃癌晚期(Ⅲ~Ⅳ)有显著相关性。结论 PD-1和PD-L1表达与胃癌患者预后无明显相关性。     

PD-L1/PD-1在三阴性乳腺癌中的研究进展

摘 要：程序性死亡受体1（PD-1）及其配体（PD-L1）的免疫检查点阻滞疗法在多种实体瘤的治疗中疗效显著。三阴性乳腺癌以侵袭力强、预后差、复发风险高为临床特点。由于基因组不稳定和较高的突变率,三阴性乳腺癌的新抗原和免疫原性增加较快,目前缺乏明确的治疗靶点。与其他亚型的乳腺癌相比,PD-L1在三阴性乳腺癌中的表达偏高,这也预示着PD-1、PD-L1可能是治疗三阴性乳腺癌的潜在靶点。全文总结三阴性乳腺癌中的PD-1/PD-L1的调控机制和相关抗癌药物的临床研究,以期为治疗三阴性乳腺癌提供新的方法与思路。     

PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗晚期或复发性宫颈癌的研究进展

摘 要：近年来,免疫治疗成为肿瘤治疗的新热点,在2020年美国国立综合癌症网络（National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN）指南中,Pembrolizumab被推荐可用于程序性死亡配体-1（programmed death-1 ligand 1,PD-L1）表达阳性或高微卫星不稳定性/错配修复缺陷的晚期宫颈癌的二线治疗。最近的几项研究也证明细胞程序性死亡受体-1及其配体(PD-1/PD-L1)抑制剂可提高晚期或复发性宫颈癌的生存率。全文总结近期关于PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗晚期或复发性宫颈癌的作用机制、临床应用、免疫相关不良事件及耐药等相关研究进展。     

PD-1 and PD-L1 Expression in Male Breast Cancer in Comparison with Female Breast Cancer

Background

Male breast cancer is rare, as it represents less than 1% of all breast cancer cases. In addition, male breast cancer appears to have a different biology than female breast cancer. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), seem to have prognostic and predictive values in a variety of cancers, including female breast cancer. However, the role of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in male breast cancer has not yet been studied.

Objectives

To compare PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in male breast cancer to female breast cancer and to evaluate prognostic values in both groups.

Patients and Methods

Tissue microarrays from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded resection material of 247 female and 164 male breast cancer patients were stained for PD-1 and PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry.

Results

PD-1 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was significantly less frequent in male than in female cancers (48.9 vs. 65.3%, p?=?0.002). In contrast, PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells did not differ between the two groups. In male breast cancer, PD-1 and tumor PD-L1 were associated with grade 3 tumors. In female breast cancer, PD-1 and PD-L1 were associated with comparably worse clinicopathological variables. In a survival analysis, no prognostic value was observed for PD-1 and PD-L1 in either male and female breast cancer. In a subgroup analysis, female patients with grade 3/tumor PD-L1-negative or ER-negative/immune PD-L1-negative tumors had worse overall survival.

Conclusions

PD-1 seems to be less often expressed in male breast cancer compared to female breast cancer. Although PD-1 and PD-L1 are not definite indicators for good or bad responses, male breast cancer patients may therefore respond differently to checkpoint immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors than female patients.

     

PD-L1 and p16 Expression in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma From an Endemic Region

BackgroundPenile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare malignancy with higher incidence in developing countries. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic chemotherapy. However, effective treatments for advanced disease are lacking. To understand the biology underlying PSCC may help the development of new therapeutic strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemical expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and p16 in PSCC and its association with clinicopathologic features and outcomes.Patients and MethodsA cohort of 40 patients with PSCC from an academic institution in Brazil was analyzed. Clinicopathologic features and outcomes were retrospectively collected. PD-L1 and p16 immunohistochemical expression were performed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens. PD-L1 was positive with any staining in more than 1% of tumor, and p16 was positive in more than 10%. Associations were performed using the Mann-Whitney and Fisher exact test. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate survival rates with log-rank.ResultsOf 35 patients, 5 were excluded, 4 owing to a lack of data and 1 owing to no tumor available; 18 (51.4%) patients were PD-L1-positive (PD-L1⁺). PD-L1⁺ was associated with larger tumors (P = .027). There was an association between PD-L1⁺ and p16 expression (P = .002). PD-L1⁺ was more frequent in grade II and III disease than grade I (77.8% vs. 22.2%) and was expressed in all patients with grade III disease. Lymph node involvement was associated with PD-L1 expression (69.2% PD-L1⁺ vs. 30.8% PD-L1-negative). The 5-year mortality was 37.1%.ConclusionPD-L1 expression appears to be associated with p16 expression, larger tumors, and worse clinical outcomes in PSCC and may provide clinical data for new studies to evaluate anti-PD-L1 immune therapies.     

JAK2 and PD-L1 Amplification Enhance the Dynamic Expression of PD-L1 in Triple-negative Breast Cancer

Background

Activation of the JAK/STAT pathway is common in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and affects the expression of genes controlling immune signaling. A subset of TNBC cases will have somatic amplification of chromosome 9p24.1, encoding PD-L1, PD-L2, and JAK2, which has been associated with decreased survival.

Hyperprogressive Disease in Patients With Urothelial Carcinoma or Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors

BackgroundA rapid progression pattern called hyperprogressive disease (HPD) has been observed during early cycles of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor therapy. Data regarding HPD in patients with genitourinary cancer are limited.Patients and MethodsWe included 203 patients with genitourinary cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors between February 2015 and June 2018. HPD was defined as a greater than 50% increase in tumor burden, greater than 2-fold increase in tumor growth rate, or development of extensive (10 or more) new lesions.ResultsPatients (n = 102) with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and patients (n = 101) with urothelial carcinoma (UC) were included. HPD was observed in 13 (6.4%) patients. The median overall survival for patients with progressive disease and HPD was 7.3 months and 3.5 months, respectively. HPD occurred more frequently in patients with UC than in those with RCC (11.9% vs. 0.9%; P = .01). Multivariate analysis showed that UC and creatinine above 1.2 mg/dL were independent predictive factors for HPD. A 30% increase in lymphocyte number following PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment was a negative predictor of HPD. The incidence of HPD in patients with UC treated with paclitaxel-based chemotherapy was one-third of those treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.ConclusionHPD developed predominantly in patients with UC, and the incidence of HPD in patients with RCC was negligible. Treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors should be prescribed with caution in patients with UC and creatinine above 1.2 mg/dL.     

PD-1/PD-L1在三阴乳腺癌中的研究进展

三阴乳腺癌特指雌激素受体、孕激素受体及人表皮生长因子受体2均阴性的乳腺癌患者,由于其对内分泌治疗无效,使其临床预后极差,因此,探索新的治疗方法尤为重要.近年来,肿瘤的免疫治疗已成为继放疗、化疗和手术治疗之后的第4种有效的治疗方法.研究表明,大约20%的三阴乳腺癌表达PD-L1,在介导肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸中起重要作用.本文就PD-1及其配体PD-L1在三阴乳腺癌中的表达、表达机制及其运用作一综述.     

Increased CD8 Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment Supports an Adaptive Immune Resistance Mechanism of PD-L1 Expression

Background: Tumor cells express programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) through several biological processes, thereby having different clinical significance depending on the underlying mechanism of expression. Currently, mechanisms leading to PDL1 gene expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) are not fully understood. Methods: We investigated 98 Indonesia CRC patients to determine PD-L1 protein expressions and their correlations with PD-L1 gene copy number status, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor mutational profile, as well as clinicopathologic features. Results: Our investigation demonstrated that 18% of patients positively expressed PD-L1. Further analysis on PD-L1 copy number revealed that all PD-L1+ tumors had normal copy number, indicating that the expression of PD-L1 was not a consequence of genetic amplification of PD-L1. From TILs analysis, there was a significant increase of CD8 in all tumor cells expressing PD-L1 (P=0.0051), indicating that the inducible PD-L1 expression was the prominent mechanism occurred in CRC. Furthermore, the expression of PD-L1 in this CRC population was significantly associated with high frequency of MSI compared to the remainder PD-L1- tumors (P=0.0001), suggesting the natural immunogenicity of tumors via MSI status plays role in attracting immune response. On the other hand, p53 mutations which were frequently observed within Indonesian CRCs (76.5%), they were not associated with PD-L1 expression (p=0.1108), as well as KRAS gene (29.6%; p=0.5772) and BRAF gene mutations (5%; p=0.2171). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that PD-L1 expressions in CRC were predominantly found as a consequence of infiltrating CD8 T lymphocytes that in part arise in the setting of microsatellite instability. Taken together, our findings further support the role of adaptive immune resistance to drive PD-L1 induction in tumor microenvironment and may provide important rationale for strategy implementation of immunotherapy for CRC cases.     

PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂相关的内分泌紊乱及其治疗的研究进展

免疫检查点治疗是肿瘤治疗的新模式,目前国内外已有多种免疫检查点单抗药物即程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1（PD-1）及其配体（PD-L1）抑制剂获批进入临床,在恶性黑色素瘤、肺癌、膀胱癌、淋巴瘤等多种肿瘤中得到了广泛应用,但随着PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在临床上的逐步推广应用,其引起的各种免疫相关不良反应引起了广泛关注,特别是近年来国内外均有多个内分泌腺体受损的相关不良反应报道。本文对PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗引起的各内分泌腺体相关不良反应研究现状以及对应临床处理方法作一综述。     

PD-1/PD-L1在肝细胞癌治疗中的研究进展

肝细胞癌（简称肝癌）起病隐匿,进展迅速,容易复发和转移。较长一段时间以来,传统的治疗手段难以进一步提高肝癌病人的预后,而免疫治疗被认为是最有希望解决这一难题的新型疗法。免疫检查点是肿瘤免疫逃逸的主要机制之一。其中,PD-1/PD-L1是抗肿瘤免疫治疗的重要靶点。近年来,基于PD-1/PD-L1信号通路的免疫疗法在实体肿瘤或血液系统恶性肿瘤中显示出令人振奋的抗癌作用。本文对PD-1/PD-L1在肝癌治疗中的相关研究进行综述,探讨PD-1/PD-L1阻断在肝癌治疗中的应用前景。     

PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂致心脏毒性的研究进展

心脏毒性是抗肿瘤药物的严重不良反应,随着抗肿瘤药物的不断发展,免疫检查点抑制剂已被应用于多种癌症的治疗,特别是程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)或程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)免疫检查点抑制剂近年来受到广泛关注,本文将从PD-1及PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂概述、PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂致心脏毒性的表现及...     

PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在晚期非小细胞肺癌中的治疗进展

程序性死亡受体1(programmed death 1,PD-1)抑制剂Pembrolizumab进入一线正式标志着免疫检查点抑制剂在晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的治疗体系中占据了重要地位.临床试验结果证实PD-1/程序性死亡配体1(programmed death ligand 1,PD-L1)抑制剂在晚期NSCLC的一线、二线和多药耐药后治疗的疗效均要优于传统的化疗.一线使用Pembrolizumab联合化疗的客观有效率(objective response rate,ORR)最高可达80%;单药Pembrolizumab的无疾病进展时间(progression-free survival,PFS)接近1年(10.3个月),死亡风险比含铂双药化疗下降40%.单药Pembrolizumab、Nivolumab和Atezolizumab用于二线的疗效同样突出,总生存时间(overall survival,OS)可至1年左右.PD-L1的表达是PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂疗效的预测因子,在晚期NSCLC中阳性(≥1%)的比例约为60%左右,组织类型间差异不大,但是目前并无检测的金标准.     

DOG-1在胃肠道间质瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究DOG-1在胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测61例GIST中DOG-1的表达,并与CD117标记进行比较观察,分析DOG-1与GIST各临床病理特征的关系。结果CD117和DOG-1在极低度及低度危险性GIST组织中表达率分别为95.2%(20/21)和90.5%(19/21);在中度及高度危险性GIST中CD117和DOG-1阳性表达率分别为100.0%(40/40)和97.5%(39/40)。CD117表达与DOG-1无关;DOG-1表达与GIST发生部位、肿瘤大小、分级和年龄无关;DOG-1阴性与GIST复发及转移显著相关(P<0.01)。结论DOG-1可作为GIST诊断和预后判断的潜在参考指标。     

Prognostic Value of Testing PD-L1 Expression After Radical Cystectomy in High-risk Patients

Introduction

The use of cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after radical cystectomy (RC) is a highly controversial issue and has been infrequently used owing to the high rates of postoperative complications, cisplatin ineligibility, and lack of randomized trials. Checkpoint inhibitors such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab are currently being tested in phase III studies in the adjuvant setting owing to their more favorable safety profile compared with chemotherapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether compartmentalization of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in different locations of RC specimens influences recurrence-free survival (RFS) after RC.