环氧化酶-2在表皮肿瘤中的表达

目的 探讨环氧化酶-2在不同表皮肿瘤中的表达及意义。方法 选择鳞状细胞癌8例、基底细胞上皮瘤10例、Bowen病8例和脂溢性角化病12例,运用免疫组化方法观察肿瘤细胞中环氧化酶-2的表达。结果 与正常表皮相比,环氧化酶-2在鳞状细胞癌、Bowen病、基底细胞上皮瘤中的表达明显上调,尤其以鳞状细胞癌中的表达最强。而环氧化酶-2在脂溢性角化病中的表达与正常人皮肤的表达近似。结论 环氧化酶-2表达的上调可能在表皮肿瘤的发生发展中发挥一定作用。     

Leprosy: a review of laboratory and therapeutic aspects - Part 2

Leprosy is a chronic infectious condition caused by Mycobacterium leprae(M. leprae). It is endemic in many regions of the world and a public health problem in Brazil. Additionally, it presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, which are dependent on the interaction between M. leprae and host, and are related to the degree of immunity to the bacillus. The diagnosis of this disease is a clinical one. However, in some situations laboratory exams are necessary to confirm the diagnosis of leprosy or classify its clinical form. This article aims to update dermatologists on leprosy, through a review of complementary laboratory techniques that can be employed for the diagnosis of leprosy, including Mitsuda intradermal reaction, skin smear microscopy, histopathology, serology, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, imaging tests, electromyography, and blood tests. It also aims to explain standard multidrug therapy regimens, the treatment of reactions and resistant cases, immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and chemoprophylaxis.     

白塞综合征患者抗血管内皮细胞抗体和抗心磷脂抗体的检测

目的 探讨血清抗血管内皮细胞抗体(AECA)及抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)在白塞综合征发病中的作用。方法 收集白塞综合征患者和正常人血清,用间接免疫荧光技术检测血清中AECA并分型,用酶联免疫吸附方法检测ACA。结果 白塞综合征组AECA阳性率为81.3%(32例中26例阳性),其中IgG-AECA阳性率为71.9%,IgM-AECA阳性率为53.1%,与正常人对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。同时AECA阳性组与阴性组比较在发生结节性红斑或结节性血管炎及血沉增快方面前者高于后者。ACA检测结果,白塞综合征组阳性率为53.1%,显著高于正常人对照组。ACA阳性组与阴性组比较,在口腔溃疡、皮肤、外生殖器及贫血等临床表现及血沉等方面差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 白塞综合征患者血清AECA水平对白塞综合征血管损害及病情活动具有一定意义。ACA对病情的影响尚需进一步研究。     

缓和性血清阴性对称性滑膜炎伴凹陷性水肿综合征一例并文献复习

目的了解缓和性血清阴性对称性滑膜炎伴凹陷性水肿综合征的临床表现。方法分析1例缓和性血清阴性对称性滑膜炎伴凹陷性水肿综合征患者临床表现、实验室检查及治疗反应。结果患者男,54岁,表现为对称性多关节炎及肢端水肿。血清类风湿因子、抗核抗体、抗ds—DNA抗体、抗合成循环瓜氨酸多肽抗体、免疫球蛋白、补体均正常。x线检查示双手掌指骨骨质破坏。糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂治疗效果好。结论缓和性血清阴性对称性滑膜炎伴凹陷性水肿综合征是一组异质性疾病。     

Update summarising the conclusions of the international consultation on male lower urinary tract symptoms

The International Consultation on Urological Disease have recently published comprehensive conclusions, based on evidence reviewed by eight committees, on aspects of male lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS). In this review, we summarise the conclusions from fourof the committees, namely, the evidence regarding the epidemiology of male LUTS, patient assessment, nocturia and medical management. It is indisputable that with an expanding and ageing global population the prevalence of male LUTS is likely to increase. Therefore symptom prevention and preservation of quality of life(Qo L) feature highly in the guidelines. There are now a number of different medical options, proven to lead to significant improvements in symptom scores, flow rate and Qo L available to men with LUTS. Metaanalyses have shown the benefits for alpha blockers, antimuscarinics, 5-α reductase and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. High level evidence also exists for combinations of all of the above with alpha blockers and so men with concomitant storage symptoms, prostate volume 30 mL, PSA 1.4 or erectile dysfunction may be considered for combination treatment of an alpha blocker with an antimuscarinic, 5-α reductase inhibitor or phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor respectively. In an era of personalised medicine, appropriate patient selection is likely to provide the key to the most effective clinical management strategy.     

线状和回旋状色素沉着症并发炎性线状表皮痣及寻常性鱼鳞病

报告1例线状和回旋状色素沉着症并发炎性线状表皮痣、寻常性鱼鳞病。患者女,17岁。2岁起胸背部出现线状和回旋状色素沉着,双下肢皮损覆鱼鳞状鳞屑,双手背关节和左侧膝部、踝部、足背关节处可见线状鳞屑性红斑。系统及实验室检查均正常。结合组织病理改变诊断为线状和回旋状色素沉着症并发炎性线状表皮痣、寻常性鱼鳞病。     

Sweet side of bladder cancer

The malignant transformation of cells is often accompanied by deranged expression of the sugar chains,i.e.,glycans,attached the cancer cell surfaces or attached to secreted proteins.The aberrant expression of specific glycans in bladder cancer has also been reported by several research groups.Similarly to other cancers,glycans such as the sialyl Tn antigens have been suggested as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of bladder cancer,and associated with disease progression and patient’s response to treatment.At present our understandings about the role of glycans in bladder cancer is still limited,but at the same time it is now assumed that this understanding urges and it will fuel the development of novel strategies of diagnostic and therapy.     

5-氨基酮戊酸乳膏光动力疗法治疗皮肤癌前病变和皮肤原位癌

目的 探讨5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法(ALA-PDT)治疗皮肤癌前病变和皮肤原位癌的疗效.方法 对15例光线性角化病、3例Queyrat增生性红斑和8例Bowen病患者进行ALA-PDT治疗.结果 15例光线性角化病患者的17个皮损获得完全缓解,2例复发,复发率13.33%;3例Queyrat增生性红斑除1例无效外,另2例患者的皮损获完全缓解,无复发;8例Bowen病除1例获得部分缓解外,其他7例完全缓解,1例复发.结论 ALA-PDT是一种疗效好、无明显痛苦、无瘢痕形成、复发率低、美容效果好的治疗皮肤癌前病变和皮肤原位癌的新疗法;特别适合于头面部及外生殖器部位的多发性、较大面积皮损.     

A prospective,open, comparative study of 5% potassium hydroxide solution versus cryotherapy in the treatment of genital warts in men

BACKGROUND

Genital warts are caused by human papillomavirus infection and represent one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Many infections are transient but the virus may recur, persist, or become latent. To date, there is no effective antiviral treatment to eliminate HPV infection and most therapies are aimed at the destruction of visible lesions. Potassium hydroxide is a strong alkali that has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of genital warts and molluscum contagiosum. Cryotherapy is considered one of the most established treatments for genital warts. No comparative trials have been reported to date on the use of potassium hydroxide for genital warts.

OBJECTIVE

A prospective, open-label, randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare topical potassium hydroxide versus cryotherapy in the treatment of genital warts affecting immunocompetent, sexually active men.

METHODS

Over a period of 10 months, 48 patients were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups and selected on an alternative basis for either potassium hydroxide therapy or cryotherapy. While response to therapy did not differ substantially between both treatment modalities, side effects such as local pain and post-treatment hypopigmentation were considerably more prevalent in the groups treated using cryotherapy.

RESULT

In our study, potassium hydroxide therapy proved to be at least as effective as cryotherapy and offered the benefit of a better safety profile.

CONCLUSION

Topical 5% potassium hydroxide presents an effective, safe, and low-cost treatment modality for genital warts in men and should be included in the spectrum of therapies for genital warts.     

Acute kidney injury due to bilateral ureteral obstruction in children

Bilateral ureteral obstruction in children is a rare condition arising from several medical or surgical pictures. It needs to be promptly suspected in order to attempt a quick renal function recovery. In this paper we concentrated on uncommon causes of obstruction, with the aim of giving a summary of such multiple, rare and heterogeneous conditions joint together by the common denominator of sudden bilateral ureteral obstruction, difficult to be suspected at times. Conversely, typical and well-known diseases have been just run over. We considered pediatric cases of ureteral obstruction presenting as bilateral, along with some cases which truly appeared as single-sided, because of their potential bilateral presentation. We performed a review of the literature by a search on PubMed, CrossRef Metadata Search, internet and reference lists of single articles updated to May 2014, with no time limits in the past. Given that we deal with rare conditions, we decided to include also papers in non-English languages, published with an English abstract. For the sake of clearness, we divided our research results into 8 categories: (1) urolithiasis; (2) congenital urinary tract malformations; (3) immuno-rheumatologic causes of ureteral obstruction; (4) ureteral localization of infections; (5) other systemic infective causes of ureteral obstructions; (6) neoplastic intrinsic ureteral obstructions; (7) extrinsic ureteral obstructions; and (8) iatrogenic trigonal obstruction or inflammation. Of course, different pathogenic mechanisms underlay those clinical pictures, partly well-known and partly not completely understood.     

播散性瘙痒性血管性皮炎

报告4例播散性瘙痒性血管性皮炎（瘙痒性紫癜）。4例患者均表现为突然发生的泛发性紫癜性皮损。形态类似于进行性色素性紫癜性皮病,伴有剧烈的瘙痒。血液学检查均正常。皮损组织病理检查均显示表皮局灶性海绵形成,并可见淋巴细胞和红细胞移人表皮。真皮浅中层小血管周围有单一核细胞浸润,并可见少量红细胞外渗。该病需与schamberg病、紫癜型药疹和蕈样肉芽肿等皮肤病鉴别。     

Condom use with steady and casual partners in inner city African-American communities

OBJECTIVES: This study examined rates of and factors associated with consistent condom use with steady partner and with casual partners in inner city African-American communities with high sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence. METHODS: Structured interviews were conducted using street intercept methods and venue based sampling with 997 African-American residents of inner city neighbourhoods in Houston and Dallas, Texas; of which data were analysed for the 736 that reported having sex in past 2 months. Condom use was measured as a proportion of use in last five sex acts with steady and casual partners. RESULTS: Reported rates of consistent condom use were high-31.4% with steady partner and 29.5% with casual partner. Multivariate logistic models differed by type of partner. Married people and those with history of STI were less likely to use condoms with the main partner, while older people were less likely and males, and those visiting a doctor more likely to use condoms with casual partners. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of condom use with both partner types was relatively high reflecting a general trend towards increased condom use in the United States. The finding of lower reported rates with casual partners has been discussed. Factors associated with condom use differ according to type of partner. Precise measurement of actual condom use continues to be an elusive task but is required for the design of appropriate messages and evaluation of STI programmes.