输尿管动脉栓塞在难治性产后出血介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨输尿管动脉向子宫供血的特点及其在介入栓塞治疗难治性产后出血中的临床应用价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析3例难治性产后出血的盆腔侧支血管数字减影血管造影(DSA)表现及经动脉栓塞(TAE)止血情况.结果 3例患者均有输尿管动脉参与子宫供血,其中2例起源于髂外动脉,1例起源于子宫动脉和髂外动脉,将其栓塞后产后出血得到有效控制.结论 输尿管动脉是参与子宫供血的重要侧支血管;输尿管动脉参与子宫供血是单纯子宫动脉/髂内动脉栓塞后止血效果不佳的重要原因之一.     

产后大出血超选择性动脉插管栓塞治疗研究

产后大出血死亡率较高 ,传统保守治疗成功率低 ,手术治疗创伤大并发症多 ,而且永久丧失生育能力。经皮穿刺超选择动脉插管栓塞 ,为治疗产后大出血开辟了一条新途径。本组报道超选择性动脉栓塞治疗产后大出血 18例 ,并讨论其疗效、安全性及并发症。1　材料和方法本组 18例 ,年龄 2 1～ 2 6岁 ,平均 2 3岁。产道撕裂 6例 ,子宫收缩乏力 3例 ,胎盘碎片滞留 4例 ,剖宫产后子宫切口裂开 5例。出血量 2 0 0 0～ 40 0 0ml ,平均 3 2 0 0ml ,出血时间 4～ 16h。 6例处于休克状态。行改良Seldinger前壁穿刺经右股动脉插入5F -Cobra导管 ,插至左髂内…     

双侧子宫动脉栓塞术对预防和治疗产后出血的临床应用价值

目的：探究双侧子宫动脉栓塞术对预防和治疗产后出血的临床应用价值。方法54例出现难治性产后出血患者（治疗组）及40例具有产后出血高危因素的患者（预防组）均进行双侧子宫动脉栓塞术,观察疗效及出现的不良反应等。结果治疗组产妇治疗前已出现产后出血,出血量1100～4300 mL,平均2100 mL,辅助性背带缝合3例,宫腔填纱13例;预防组产妇出血量为210～490 mL,平均370 mL,所有患者均未发生产后出血;栓塞术后52例患者均有效,有效率96.3％,患者术后均未出现不良反应。结论双侧子宫动脉栓塞术是一种安全有效且不良反应小的治疗手段,对产后大出血高危因素患者有预防作用,是治疗难治性产后出血的有效方法。     

Risk Factors Associated with Clinical Failure of Uterine Artery Embolization for Postpartum Hemorrhage

PurposeTo identify risk factors for clinical failure of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), with particular attention to the uterine artery diameter.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included 47 patients who underwent UAE for PPH between January 1, 2010, and January 31, 2021. Technical success was defined as the completion of embolization of the arteries thought to be the cause of the bleeding. Clinical success was defined as no recurrent bleeding or need for additional therapeutic interventions. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the risk factors associated with clinical failure of UAE.ResultsOf the 47 patients, 6 had recurrent bleeding. Of the 6 patients, 4 underwent hysterectomy, and 2 underwent repeat embolization. The clinical success rate was 87.2% (41/47), with no major adverse events such as uterine infarction or death. In univariate analysis, there were slight differences in multiparity (P = .115) and placental abruption (P = .128) and a significant difference in the findings of a narrow uterine artery on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) (P = .005). In multivariate analysis, only a narrow uterine artery on DSA was a significant factor (odds ratio, 18.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.5–134.8; P = .004).ConclusionsA narrow uterine artery on DSA was a risk factor for clinically unsuccessful UAE for PPH. It may be prudent to conclude the procedure only after it is ensured that vasospasm has been relieved.     

Intractable Postpartum Hemorrhage Resulting from Uterine Artery Pseudoaneurysm: Superselective Arteriographic Embolization via the Collateral Route

We present a patient with intractable postpartum hemorrhage resulting from uterine artery pseudoaneurysm despite bilateral hypogastric artery ligation who was successfully treated by an endovascular approach via the collateral route. Although there is a good argument for postponing surgery until transcatheter embolization has been attempted, this case shows that embolization can still be successful even if the iliac vessels have been ligated.     

Transcatheter Arterial Embolization in the Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage due to Genital Tract Injury after Vaginal Delivery

PurposeTo evaluate efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in managing postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to genital tract injury after vaginal delivery and to investigate factors associated with outcome of TAE.Materials and MethodsA retrospective review of 43 women (mean age, 32.6 years) who underwent TAE to manage PPH secondary to genital tract injury after vaginal delivery was performed at a single institution between January 2007 and December 2018. Clinical data and outcomes were obtained. Patients were classified into clinical success (n = 39) and failure (n = 4) groups, and comparisons between the groups were performed.ResultsThe clinical success rate of TAE for PPH due to genital tract injury was 90.7%. In the clinical failure group, transfusion volumes were higher (failure vs success: packed red blood cells, 14 pt ± 3.37 vs 6.26 pt ± 4.52, P = .003; platelets, 10.33 pt ± 4.04 vs 2.92 pt ± 6.15, P = .036); hemoglobin levels before the procedure were lower (failure vs success: 7.3 g/dL vs 10.7, P = .016). Periprocedural complications included pulmonary edema (25.6%), fever (23.3%), and pain (9.3%). Twenty-four patients were either followed for > 6 months or answered a telephone survey; 23 (95.8%) recovered regular menstruation, and pregnancy was confirmed in 11 (45.8%). Regarding fertility desires, 7 women attempted to conceive, 6 of whom (85.7%) became pregnant.ConclusionsTAE is an effective and safe method for managing PPH due to genital tract injury after vaginal delivery. Lower hemoglobin levels before the procedure and higher transfusion volumes were associated with clinical failure of TAE.     

脾动脉栓塞后上消化道出血分析

目的探讨脾动脉栓塞后上消化道出血的可能原因。方法对43例肝癌合并肝硬化门脉高压患者采用肝动脉化疗栓塞及脾动脉栓塞,脾实质栓塞面积为30%～60%左右。结果7例患者栓塞后在1～3d出现上消化道出血,均为轻度。结论脾动脉栓塞能有效的降低门脉压力,缓解脾功能亢进。但在少数情况下可能导致上消化道出血。     

Utilization and Comparative Effectiveness of Uterine Artery Embolization versus Hysterectomy for Severe Postpartum Hemorrhage: A National Inpatient Sample Study

PurposeTo identify differences in mortality or length of hospital stay for mothers treated with uterine artery embolization (UAE) or hysterectomy for severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), as well as to analyze whether geographic or clinical determinants affected the type of therapy received.Materials and MethodsThis National Inpatient Sample study from 2005 to 2017 included all patients with live-birth deliveries. Severe PPH was defined as PPH that required transfusion, hysterectomy, or UAE. Propensity score weighting–adjusted demographic, maternal, and delivery risk factors were used to assess mortality and prolonged hospital stay.ResultsOf 9.8 million identified live births, PPH occurred in 31.0 per 1,000 cases. The most common intervention for PPH was transfusion (116.4 per 1,000 cases of PPH). Hysterectomy was used more frequently than UAE (20.4 vs 12.9 per 1,000 cases). The following factors predicted that hysterectomy would be used more commonly than UAE: previous cesarean delivery, breech fetal position, placenta previa, transient hypertension during pregnancy without pre-eclampsia, pre-existing hypertension without pre-eclampsia, pre-existing hypertension with pre-eclampsia, unspecified maternal hypertension, and gestational diabetes (all P < .001). Delivery risk factors associated with greater utilization of hysterectomy over UAE included postterm pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, cervical laceration, forceps vaginal delivery, and shock (all P < .001). There was no difference in mortality between hysterectomy and UAE. After balancing demographic, maternal, and delivery risk factors, the odds of prolonged hospital stay were 0.38 times lower with UAE than hysterectomy (P < .001).ConclusionsDespite similar mortality and shorter hospital stays, UAE is used far less than hysterectomy in the management of severe PPH.     

Bronchial Artery Embolization in Pediatric Pulmonary Hemorrhage: A Single-Center Experience

PurposeTo explore the safety and effectiveness of bronchial artery (BA) embolization (BAE) in children with pulmonary hemorrhage.Materials and MethodsBetween February 2016 and February 2019, 41 patients (median age, 4 y; interquartile range, 2.3-8 y; median weight, 17.6 kg; interquartile range, 12.3–23.6 kg) underwent BAE. The indication of BAE included massive hemoptysis in 10 patients (24.4%), recurrent hemoptysis in 18 patients (43.9%), and refractory anemia in 13 patients (31.7%). The main etiology of pulmonary hemorrhage included pulmonary hemosiderosis (58.5%), congenital heart disease (17.1%), and infection (14.6%). A retrospective review was conducted of clinical outcomes of BAE.ResultsThere were 44 embolization sessions, with a total of 137 embolized vessels. Pulmonary hemorrhage was caused by BAs in 30 cases, nonbronchial systemic arteries plus BAs in 10, and nonbronchial systemic arteries in 1. Embolic particles were used in 30 cases (24 polyvinyl alcohol [PVA] and 6 microsphere), coils in 9 cases, and particles plus coils in 5 cases (4 PVA and 1 microsphere). Technical success (ability to embolize abnormal vessel) was achieved in 97.6% of patients (40 of 41), and clinical success (complete or partial resolution of hemoptysis within 30 days of embolization) was achieved in 90.2% (37 of 41). There was 1 procedure-related complication (2.4%) of cerebral infarction and 1 death from multiple-organ dysfunction (2.4%). Bleeding-free survival rates at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were 92.5%, 83.9%, 83.9%, and 70.8%, respectively.ConclusionsBAE is a safe and effective procedure in children with pulmonary hemorrhage.     

经导管髂内动脉栓塞术治疗盆腔大出血

目的　探讨经髂内动脉栓塞治疗盆腔大出血的栓塞技术、栓塞剂选择和并发症防治。方法　本组 11例 (膀胱癌 3例 ,宫颈癌 5例 ,绒癌 1例 ,产后大出血 2例 ) ,均接受了经导管双侧选择性髂内动脉栓塞术 ,并保留导管 2 4h。栓塞材料为明胶海绵。结果　全部病例 1次栓塞后均立即止血 ,1例 2 4h后再出血而行 2次治疗 ,随访观察 10～ 90d均无再出血。无并发症发生。结论　髂内动脉栓塞术治疗盆腔大出血简便、微创、安全、可靠 ,可作为首选方法     

经导管血管内栓塞治疗肝动脉假性动脉瘤的疗效观察

目的 评价血管内栓塞治疗肝动脉假性动脉瘤(HAPA)的疗效和对肝功能的影响.资料与方法 8例HAPA患者行选择性腹腔动脉造影明确动脉瘤的部位后,再超选择至载瘤动脉进行血管内栓塞治疗.栓塞术后随访3～60个月,观察临床和肝功能情况.结果 8例血管造影均明确诊断.其中肝外型4例,肝内型4例;7例用弹簧圈或微弹簧圈栓塞,1例单纯明胶海绵颗粒栓塞.栓塞术后造影复查8例HAPA均消失.动脉瘤破裂出血患者出血均停止.阻塞性黄疸的患者术后1周黄疸消褪.1例单纯明胶海绵颗粒栓塞者术后3天出血复发;7例钢圈栓塞者无出血和HAPA复发,影像学复查4例HAPA消失,3例HAPA缩小、机化.肝功能检查,2例转氨酶一过性轻度升高[谷-草转氨酶(AST)达286 U/L,谷-丙转氨酶(ALT)达103 U/L)],2例栓塞前肝功能异常栓塞后1周恢复正常;余4例肝功能无异常改变.结论 弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗HAPA疗效好、并发症少.选择性肝动脉弹簧圈栓塞,对肝功能无明显影响.     

支气管动脉栓塞术在大咯血治疗中的应用价值

大咯血病因较多,一旦发生常危及患者生命,内科治疗常难以很好控制且易复发,近年来支气管动脉栓塞术(BAE)作为一项能迅速控制支气管动脉破裂出血的介入性技术,已被较多报道[1,2]。我院采用BAE治疗大咯血15例,取得了满意疗效,现报道如下。1材料与方法本组15例患者,男12例,女3例,年龄30~69岁。其中肺癌2例,肺结核3例,支气管扩张10例。咯血量>300ml/d。均有影像学资料,且经内科治疗无效。急诊行BAE治疗。采用改良Seldinger技术,穿剌股动脉置入4F或5FCobra管至支气管动脉开口行DSA证实为病理血管后超选择插管,行支气管动脉栓塞。如有脊髓…     

产后大出血急诊栓塞治疗的不良反应及并发症探讨

目的:探讨动脉栓塞法治疗急诊产后大出血的不良反应及并发症及其防治。方法:对57例急诊产后大出血患者的双侧子宫动脉或和髂内动脉以及部分患者的卵巢动脉用明胶海绵颗粒进行栓塞。结果:所有病例均出现有栓塞术后综合征;1例患者出现血尿(1.8%);13例患者出现髋部及下肢疼痛、麻木(22.8%);19例患者出现臀部疼痛、红肿、硬结(33.3%);1例患者出现子宫性闭经(1.8%);全组病例未出现子宫坏死或卵巢功能减退等其它严重并发症。结论:产后大出血急诊栓塞治疗会出现一定的不良反应及并发症,在治疗过程中进行超选择性栓塞,不进行过度栓塞,严防栓塞剂返流,可避免大部分严重并发症的发生。