共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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In the unaccommodated eye the retinal receptors are aligned towards a point near the center of the exit pupil of the eye. In this study it is shown that marked accommodation caused a small but significant transient change in foveal retinal receptor orientation. largely in the horizontal meridian. This shift was evidenced by comparison of S-C function peak locations (which indicate the photoreceptor's central orientational tendency) in the entrance pupil of three subjects in both unaccommodated and accommodated states. On the basis of previous studies, it is suggested that this orientational change is the result of the asymmetrical retinal elongation in the horizontal meridian associated with accommodation. Thus, there is some evidence for a transient shear effect between the retinal receptors and the underlying interdigitating microfibrils of the pigment epithelium with strong accommodation. This tends to shift the peak of the Stiles-Crawford function nasally. 相似文献
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Current follow-up information was obtained for 91 of 100 patients with tumors of the uveal tract for whom transscleral 32P tests had been performed and the eye had been enucleated because of malignant melanoma. The 32P uptake test was found to correlate better with outcome than either mitotic activity or invasion of the sclera. However, the correlation was not as good as that observed for tumor size and cell type. While most of the prognostic information in the 32P uptake value could be determined from the size of the tumor, none of the 13 tumors with 32P uptake less than 100% developed metastatic melanoma. The amount of necrosis within the tumor correlated with a bad prognosis and lower 32P uptake. There were three cases of spindle-cell nevi, all with positive 32P uptake values and none with metastasis. 相似文献
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Natalie H. Au Rookaya Mather Alison To Monali S. Malvankar-Mehta 《Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie》2019,54(2):180-189
Objective
To summarize and quantitatively evaluate sleep outcomes of dry eye disease (DED) patients.Design
A systematic review and meta-analysis.Participants
DED patients were individuals with dry eye symptoms or primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS). Controls were healthy, non-pSS, or non-DED patients.Methods
A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and grey literature was conducted. Studies were screened using Covidence software. Outcomes included sleep quality, duration, daytime sleepiness, prevalence/incidence/severity of sleep disorders, and sleep disturbances. Meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 13.0. The weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated as the effect size for continuous scale outcomes. Random-effects models were developed based on the presence of heterogeneity.Results
Seventeen full-text articles (16 370 subjects) and 2 conference abstracts (571 763 subjects) were included. Compared to controls, DED patients score higher on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (WMD = 1.69, 95% CI: 0.82, 2.56; I2 = 88.8%, p < 0.001) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (WMD = 2.26, 95% CI: 0.96, 3.56; I2 = 82.4%, p < 0.001). Additionally, DED patients spend less time asleep (WMD = ?0.59 hours, 95% CI: ?0.94, ?0.24; I2 = 85.1%, p < 0.001), experience more sleep disturbances, and may have increased prevalence, incidence, severity of sleep disorders.Conclusion
DED patients may have poorer sleep quality, greater daytime sleepiness, less sleep, more sleep disturbances, increased prevalence, incidence, and severity of sleep disorders compared to non-DED patients. Further research is needed to identify potential causes of these outcomes given the paucity and heterogeneity of included studies. It may be worthwhile to consider sleep in the clinical management of DED. 相似文献11.
Hye-Young Shin Hae-Young Lopilly Park Chan Kee Park 《Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie》2019,54(4):489-494
ObjectiveTo compare the 24-2 and 10-2 visual fields (VFs) and investigate the degree of differences between the 2 tests in glaucomatous eyes with central VF defects.DesignRetrospective study.ParticipantsIn all, 99 eyes of 99 glaucoma patients who underwent both the 24-2 VF and 10-2 VF tests within 6 months were enrolled.MethodsGlaucomatous eyes with damage involving a central VF defect were divided into 3 groups based on the average total deviation (TD) of 12 central points in the 24-2 VF test. The TD difference was calculated by subtracting the average TD of the 10-2 VF test from the average TD of 12 central points in the 24-2 VF test. The absolute central TD difference in each quadrant was defined as the absolute value of the TD value obtained by subtracting the average TD of 4 central points in the 10-2 VF test from the innermost TD in the 24-2 VF test in each quadrant.ResultsThe TD differences differed significantly between the severe group and the early and moderate groups ( p < 0.001). In the superonasal quadrant, the absolute central TD difference was significantly greater in the moderate group than in the early group ( p < 0.05). In the superotemporal quadrant, the absolute central TD difference was significantly greater in the severe group than in the other 2 groups ( p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur results indicate that the results of VF tests for different VFs can be inconsistent, depending on the degree of central defects and the VF quadrant. 相似文献
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The operant preferential looking (OPL) procedure was used to obtain psychophysical estimates of visual acuity for square-wave gratings in 50 children between 5 months and 5 yr of age. Acuity developed systematically with age, from 6 min arc (5 c/deg) at 5 months to 0.75 min arc (40 c/deg) at 5 yr, a value close to adult acuity tested with the OPL stimuli. In addition, psychometric functions became steeper with age, suggesting that criterion for responding varies with age. OPL offers the possibility of using a single procedure to follow acuity development across a wide age range. 相似文献
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Timothy D. Ratzlaff Tara L. Diesbourg Megan J. McAllister Markus von Hacht Ashley R. Brissette Mark D. Bona 《Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie》2019,54(2):159-163
Objective
To characterize changes in body positioning while performing a standardized slit lamp examination after exposure to an educational module on ergonomics.Design
Prospective interventional pilot study.Participants
Ten ophthalmology residents.Methods
An educational module discussing ergonomic issues in ophthalmology was created. In a standardized examination lane, participants were recorded performing 3 trials of an indirect slit lamp examination of a volunteer patient, adjusting equipment as they saw fit. Participants were then sent the module and within 2 weeks repeated the trial process. Data were processed using biomechanical software to obtain the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) injury risk score, elbow and shoulder joint reaction moments, neck and trunk flexion angles, and spinal curvature magnitudes.Results
The RULA injury risk scores decreased after completion of the module (95% CI 2.10?2.77), indicating a lesser risk for injury to the resident. Shoulder flexion and elbow abduction moments also decreased (95% CI ?3.2 to ?1.5 and ?0.44 to ?0.04, respectively), suggesting a more neutral body posture. The trunk flexion angle increased after completion of the module (95% CI ?5.1 to ?1.6), signifying a more upright trunk posture; this was confirmed by the lumbar spine curvature, which flattened postmodule (95% CI 6.6?940).Conclusions
These results suggest a promising ability for an educational module to mitigate some injury risk in this population during indirect slit lamp examination. It also delineated some awkward postures that persisted despite the module. These results will be reintegrated into the module to optimize its educational utility. 相似文献14.
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It has been previously shown that H2O2 inhibits lens 86Rb influx and results in modification of Na+,K+-ATPase with respect to ATP hydrolysis. The effect of H2O2 on ATP hydrolysis was further investigated using [γ-32P]-ATP to examine the Na+,K+-ATPase phosphorylated intermediate. A Na+-dependent phosphorylated polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 100 000 was detected in all lens preparations, irrespective of H2O2 treatment. Similar results were observed for partially purified Na+,K+-ATPase from bovine kidney, porcine brain and canine kidney. 相似文献
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David S. Sands Stephanie C.Y. Chan Chloe C. Gottlieb 《Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie》2018,53(4):349-353
Objective
To assess corticosteroid-sparing and inflammation control in patients with noninfectious scleritis treated with methotrexate.Design
Retrospective review.Participants
Patients who received methotrexate treatment for noninfectious scleritis and who had 12 months of follow-up after treatment initiation were included in this review.Methods
The clinical records of noninfectious scleritis patients presenting at the University of Ottawa Eye Institute between September 1, 2010 and December 31, 2014 treated with methotrexate were retrospectively reviewed. Seventeen patients (21 eyes) were included in the study. Main outcome included inflammation control and corticosteroid-sparing success. Secondary outcomes were reduction of immunosuppression load and best-corrected visual acuity.Results
The proportion of eyes with corticosteroid-sparing success was 69.2% at 3 months and 92.3% at 12 months. The proportion of eyes that achieved inflammation control was 61.9% at 3 months and 90.5% at 12 months. The corticosteroid immunosuppression load at treatment start was 1.9 ± 2.07 and at 12 months was 0.48 ± 1.03 (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in best-corrected visual acuity.Conclusions
The treatment of noninfectious scleritis with methotrexate appears to be effective at both achieving steroid-sparing success and controlling inflammation during 12 months of therapy. Immunosuppression load decreased significantly over 12 months of therapy while best corrected visual acuity was stable. 相似文献19.
Kelsey A. Roelofs Chris J. Rudnisky 《Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie》2018,53(5):533-537