高血压左心室肥厚与心有原癌基因c—fos的表达

研究细胞核内原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ在高血压左室肥厚（ＬＶＨ）发生、发展过程中的作用。方法 采用两种高血压模型即自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）和两肾一夹型（２Ｋ１Ｃ）肾血管性高血压大鼠，观察在高血压所致ＬＶＨ的不同阶段，收缩压（ＳＢＰ）、左室重／体重比（ＬＶＷ／ＢＷ）及左心室ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因表达水平的变化。结果 ＳＨＲ在８－１０周龄时已有明显的高血压和ＬＶＨ，其ＳＢＰ与ＬＶＷ／ＢＷ均显著高于对照的ＷＫＹ大鼠，     

血管紧张素受体拮抗剂对SHR左室肥厚的影响

目的探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ受体（ＡＴＲ）拮抗剂在左室肥厚中的作用。方法自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）分别接受ＴＣＶ－１１６（血管紧张素Ⅱ－１受体拮抗剂）、德那脯利（Ｄｅｌａｐｒｉｌ）及ＰＤ１２３３１９（血管紧张素Ⅱ－２受体拮抗剂）治疗３周,ＷＫＹ大鼠分别接受ＴＣＶ－１１６、Ｄｅｌａｐｒｉｌ治疗３周,分别与对照组比较收缩压及左室重量与体重比（ＬＶＷ／ＢＷ）。结果ＳＨＲ实验组：口服ＴＣＶ－１１６和Ｄｅｌａｐｒｉｌ分别使收缩压下降１８．５％和１９．０％,使ＬＶＷ／ＢＷ下降７．６％和８．３％;皮下注射ＰＤ１２３３１９对收缩压及ＬＶＷ／ＢＷ均无影响。ＷＫＹ实验组：口服ＴＣＶ－１１６和Ｄｅｌａｐｒｉｌ分别使收缩压下降１１．８％和１１．１％,对ＬＶＷ／ＢＷ无影响。结论血管紧张素Ⅱ－１型受体拮抗剂ＴＣＶ－１１６能逆转ＳＨＲ左室肥厚;血管紧张素Ⅱ－２型受体拮抗剂ＰＤ１２３３１９对ＳＨＲ左室肥厚无逆转作用。     

尼群地平与卡托普利逆转高血压左心室肥厚与左心室小动脉结构和功能的效果比较

目的：比较尼群地平及卡托普利治疗对自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）左心室肥厚及左心室小动脉重构的疗效。方法：选用ＳＨＲ及Ｗｉｓｔａｒ－Ｋｙｏｔｏ大鼠（ＷＫＹ）７２只，随机分成１４周龄的ＳＨＲ１４组和ＷＫＹ１４组，２８周龄的ＳＨＲ尼群地平组（３０ｍｇｋｇ－１／ｄ）和卡托普利组（５０ｍｇｋｇ－１／ｄ），２８周龄的高血压对照组（ＳＨＲ２８组）和正常对照组（ＷＫＹ２８组）。每组１２只。观察指标包括左心室心肌重量与体重比值（ＬＶＭ／ＢＷ），冠状动脉血流量，心肌毛细血管密度（ＰＤ），两种不同管径小动脉管壁面积与腔径比值（Ａ／Ｒ），心肌胶原含量及心肌钙离子浓度。结果：１４周龄的ＳＨＲ已有左心室重构，除左心室肥厚外，心肌毛细血管密度减少（２６４±４２ｖｓ．３７２±７１μｍ／μｍ３，Ｐ＜０．０５），Ａ／Ｒ增加，心肌胶原含量（４．６２±０．８４ｖｓ．３．２７±０．９４ｍｇ／１００ｍｇ干重，Ｐ＜０．０５）及心肌钙离子浓度增加，尼群地平或卡托普利降压治疗１４周后，两组的左心室重构的异常表现均有消退或减轻。结论：尼群地平与卡托普利均能逆转ＳＨＲ左心室及心肌血管重构，在降压程度相同时其逆转效果相似。     

自发性高血压大鼠心肌乳酸盐转运障碍

目的在离体心脏灌流模型及分离的心肌肌膜囊泡上，比较自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）和对照（Ｗｉｓｔａｒ－ＫｙｏｔｏＷＫＹ）大鼠心肌Ｌ－１４Ｃ－乳酸盐的摄入，及心肌肌膜囊泡（ＳＬＶ）对乳酸盐转运的特征。方法应用１４Ｃ标记的乳酸盐，测定ＳＨＲ和ＷＫＹ大鼠心肌ＳＬＶ的乳酸盐的转运。结果ＳＨＲ心肌摄取乳酸盐的能力较ＷＫＹ大鼠明显降低（４．２１±０．３１ｖｓ５．７２±０．３３ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇＷＷ／２ｍｉｎ，Ｐ＜０．０１），ＳＬＶ的乳酸盐跨膜转运呈时间－浓度依赖性，ＳＨＲ较ＷＫＹ大鼠ＳＬＶ乳酸盐最大转运速率降低３６％（Ｐ＜０．０１），心肌乳酸盐的摄入和ＳＬＶ的转运速率与心肌肥大程度呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．６７，Ｐ＜０．０５，ｒ＝－０．７３，Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＳＨＲ大鼠存在心肌乳酸转运障碍     

高血压大鼠心脏肌凝蛋白重链mRNA表达和卡托普利的作用

目的：观察自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）心肌肥厚时心脏α和β－肌凝蛋白重链（α－ＭＨＣ和β－ＭＨＣ）ｍＲＮＡ表达和卡托普利的保护作用。方法：１５周龄雄性ＳＨＲ口服卡托普利（１００ｍｇｋｇ－１／ｄ）１２周（ＣＡＰ组），同样年龄性别的ＳＨＲ（ＳＨＲ组）和Ｗｉｓｔａｒ－ｋｙｏｔｏ大鼠（ＷＫＹ组）不给药，在同样条件下喂养同样时间，通过称重法计算左室重量指数（ＬＶＩ），使用测微技术测量心肌细胞横径（ＴＤＭ），采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹技术检测左室α和β－ＭＨＣｍＲＮＡ水平。结果：（１）ＳＨＲ组ＬＶＩ和ＴＤＭ显著高于ＷＫＹ组；ＣＡＰ组上述指标显著低于ＳＨＲ组，而与ＷＫＹ组无显著差异；（２）ＳＨＲ组α－ＭＨＣｍＲＮＡ表达明显受抑，β－ＭＨＣｍＲＮＡ表达明显增加；卡托普利抑制α－ＭＨＣｍＲＮＡ水平降低，但不影响β－ＭＨＣｍＲＮＡ水平。结论：高血压肥厚心肌ＭＨＣ基因出现了异常表达，卡托普利可以防止这种现象的发生。     

卡托普利治疗自发性高血压大鼠对循环和局部肾素—血管紧张素系统的 …

目的 探讨卡托普利治疗自发高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）对循环和局部肾素－血管紧张素系统（ＲＡＳ）的长期影响，方法 雄性ＳＨＲ（ｎ＝４３）宫内期始，予卡托普利治疗（１００ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１．ｄ＾－１）到１６周，并分别在１６周（ｎ＝１９）和４０周（ｎ＝２４）处死，年龄，性别，数量配对的未治疗ＳＨＲ和Ｗｉｓｔａｒ－Ｋｙｏｔｏ（ＷＫＹ）大鼠作对照，测定收缩压（ＳＢＰ），左室重（ＬＶＭ）与体重（ＢＷ）比，左室心肌和血     

务管紧张素受体拮抗对SHR左室肥厚的影响

目的 探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ受体（ＡＴＲ）拮抗剂在左这马厚中的作用。方法 自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）分别接受ＴＣＶ－１１６（血管紧张素Ⅱ－１受体拮抗剂）、德那脯利及ＰＤ１２３３１９（血管紧张素Ⅱ－２受体拮抗剂）治疗３周,ＷＫＹ大鼠分别接受ＴＣＶ－１１６、Ｄｅｌａｐｒｉｌ治疗３周,分别与对照组比较收缩压及左室重量与体重经（ＬＶＷ／ＢＷ）。结果 ＳＨＲ实验组,口服ＴＣＶ－１１６和Ｄｅｌａｐｒｉｌ分别使收缩下     

依那普利逆转高血压性心血管改变的实验研究

目的：探讨依那普利逆转高血压性心血管改变的机理。方法：给１０周龄的自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）饮水中加入依那普利１０周,观察ＳＨＲ的收缩压（ＳＢＰ）、左心室肥厚和肠系膜小动脉的组织结构改变。结果：（１）收缩压：２０ 周龄时,ＳＨＲ 治疗组（ＳＨＲｅｎ）的ＳＢＰ：１２０ ±１２ ｍ ｍ Ｈｇ,较对照组ＳＨＲ（ＳＨＲｃ）的血压（１９６±１３ｍ ｍ Ｈｇ）显著回降（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;（２）ＬＶＨ的指标变化：１）左心室胶原含量：ＳＨＲｅｎ 为４．０６±０．０４ ｍ ｇ 和ＳＨＲｃ（５．８４±０．０３ｍ ｇ）比较明显下降（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;（２）左心室重／体重之比率（ＬＶ／ＢＷ）：ＳＨＲｅｎ 组为２．２２±０．０２ 比ＳＨＲｃ组（３．３２±０．０４）显著降低（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;（３）ＳＨＲｅｎ 肠系膜小动脉的病理性组织结构改变,基本恢复正常。结论：依那普利能逆转ＳＨＲ的高血压、左心室肥厚和肠系膜小动脉的病理性改变     

红细胞抗高血压因子对自发性高血压大鼠血管平滑肌细胞游离钙浓度的影响

观察从人红细胞中提取的抗高血压因子（ＡＨＦ）对自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）和正常血压ＷＫＹ大鼠培养的主动脉平滑肌细胞胞内游离Ｃａ２＋浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）的影响。结果ＳＨＲ和ＷＫＹ大鼠静息［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ无显著差别。ＫＣｌ（６０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对ＳＨＲ的激活显著大于ＷＫＹ大鼠，ＡＨＦ（１０－４ｇ／ｍｌ）可明显抑制由高钾诱导的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高，对ＳＨＲ的抑制程度明显高于ＷＫＹ大鼠；去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ，０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对两种大鼠的激活程度无显著差异。ＡＨＦ（１０－４ｇ／ｍＬ）也可明显抑制由ＮＥ（０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）所诱导的ＶＳＭＣ［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高，对两种大鼠的抑制程度无显著差异。结论ＡＨＦ的降压作用可能与抑制细胞内［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高有关。     

苯那普利对SHR大鼠左心室细胞外基质的影响

目的：探讨苯那普利（一种血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂）是否具有将自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）左心室肥厚（ＬＶＨ）时增生的胶原和其它细胞外基质成份恢复到正常水平的作用。方法：６周龄的性ＳＨＲ给予口服苯那普利（１０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１．ｄ＾－１）１６周,性别、年龄配对的ＳＨＲ和Ｗｉｓｔａｒ－Ｋｙｏｔｏ（ＷＫＹ）大鼠作为对照。测量血压、体重、左心室肥厚的指标,采用免疫组化方法作纤维粘连蛋白（ＦＮ）、层粘连蛋白（ＬＮ     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.