阴道子宫内膜异位症18例临床分析

目的:探讨阴道子宫内膜异位症(内异症)的临床特点和治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院2003年1月至2005年10月收治的18例经病理证实为阴道内异症患者的临床资料。结果:阴道内异症独立存在者13例(72.2%),合并盆腔内异症者5例(27.8%)。前组性交痛及合并妇科良、恶性肿瘤的比例高于后组,而合并不孕的比例较后组低。所有患者中8例行保守性手术治疗,其中4例术后加用GnRHa治疗3个月;其余10例均行根治性手术治疗。平均随访18.6月,共有2例复发(11.1%),均见于肿块直径≥3 cm、行阴道局部切除未用药物治疗者。总共半年累积复发率13.3%(2/15),保守性手术复发为25%(2/8),其半年累积复发率40.0%(2/5);保守性手术术后加用药物治疗者及行根治性手术者无复发。各种术式之间比较,无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:阴道子宫内膜异位症与常见的盆腔内异症相比较,有其特殊之处。其发生机制可能与盆腔内异症不同,尚有待进一步研究。     

应用GnRH—a治疗复发性卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿10例分析

子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )近年来发病率增高 ,且常常合并卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿 ,即使已行半根治性手术 ,仍有部分患者复发。我院应用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(ＧｎＲＨ -ａ)治疗术后复发的卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿 ,取得良好疗效 ,现报道如下。1　资料与方法1 1　一般资料　 1997年 4月至 1999年 12月我院因内异症行半根治性或保守性手术后复发、并经术后病理诊断的患者 10例 ,年龄 2 9～ 40岁 ,平均 (35 6± 3 2 )岁 ,其中行半根治性手术 7例 ,保守性手术 3例。按美国生育协会修改标准分期 :Ⅲ期 6例 ,Ⅳ期 4例。于术后 1～ 2年内复发 ,其中…     

单纯手术与手术联合米非司酮治疗宫内膜异位症的临床观察

本研究对行保留生育功能或保留卵巢功能手术治疗的子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )患者予小剂量米非司酮治疗 ,并与单纯手术和术后加用达那唑者进行比较 ,观察其临床疗效、副反应及应用可行性。一、资料与方法1.研究对象 :将 1998年 9月至 1999年 12月在我院经腹腔镜或开腹手术证实为内异症、行保留生育功能或保留卵巢功能手术治疗的患者 6 1例 ,分为米非司酮组 (31例 )和达那唑组 (30例 ) ,以我院 1996年 1月至 1997年 10月手术治疗并有严格随访记录的 15例内异症患者为对照组 ,3组年龄分别为 (33± 6 )、(32± 5 )和 (34± 6 )岁 ;不孕者分别为 …     

腹腔镜手术治疗输卵管憩室合并子宫内膜异位症患者的妊娠结局分析

目的探讨输卵管憩室与子宫内膜异位症(内异症)的关系及其治疗的效果。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年1月腹腔镜手术治疗的53例输卵管憩室患者的临床资料。术后随访12~18个月,统计妊娠率、流产率及持续妊娠率。结果 53例患者中,经腹腔镜诊断为内异症者84.9%(45/53),非内异症患者15.1%(8/53);术中荷包缝合输卵管憩室,同时去除盆腔内异症病灶及其他输卵管异常,术后自然妊娠率为83.0%(44/53),自然流产率为3.8%(2/53)。其中91.1%(41/45)合并内异症患者术后给予促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)治疗。GnRHa治疗者术后一年内自然妊娠率为90.2%(37/41)。4例未经GnRH-a治疗的内异症患者术后自然妊娠1例,8例无内异症患者,术后自然妊娠率6例。结论输卵管憩室可能与内异症和不孕症有关。经腹腔镜治疗及对合并内异症患者术后辅助GnRH-a治疗有利于提高妊娠率。     

1983-2009年北京协和医院子宫内膜异位症手术治疗的特点及发展趋势

目的 探讨1983-2009年北京协和医院子宫内膜异位症(内异症)手术治疗的特点及发展趋势.方法 通过查阅1983年1月至2009年6月于本院就诊、经手术证实为内异症的病例,比较不同手术方式(开腹手术和腹腔镜手术)、不同手术类型(保守性手术、根治或半根治性手术)的例数及构成差异,分析手术方式及手术类型的变化趋势.结果 资料完整的内异症手术病例共13 972例,占同期所有妇科手术的24.974%(13 972/55 945).其中,腹腔镜手术占内异症手术的59.490%(8312/13 972),显著高于腹腔镜手术在其他疾病相关手术中所占比例[37.700%(15 824/41 973),P<0.01];2005-2009年,内异症腹腔镜手术所占比例上升至68.23%(947/1388),显著高于2000-2004年[56.04%(510/910),P<0.01].盆腔内异症手术中,保留子宫及卵巢的保守性手术占64.014%(8663/13 533);2005-2009年,保守性手术所占的比例上升至66.24%(4176/6304).在盆腔内异症保守性手术及根治或半根治性手术中,腹腔镜手术所占的比例存在显著差异[分别为81.10%(7026/8663)和26.30%(1281/4870),P<0.01].与1983-1999年及2000-2004年比较,2005-2009年内异症手术的年平均手术例数、腹腔镜手术的年平均手术例数及其在内异症手术中所占比例、保守性手术的年平均手术例数及其在盆腔内异症手术中所占比例均显著升高(P均<0.01).内异症相关手术的严重并发症发生率为0.351%(49/13 972).结论 内异症手术治疗是本院妇科手术的重要构成,保守性手术是内异症主要的手术类型,而腹腔镜是主要的手术方式.     

转化生长因子β/Smad信号传导系统在子宫内膜异位症盆腔粘连患者腹膜中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨转化生长因子(TGF)β/Smad信号传导系统在子宫内膜异位症(内异症)盆腔粘连患者腹膜中的表达变化及其意义.方法 选择2009年12月至2010年3月就诊于北京协和医院、由同一妇科医师行腹腔镜手术的育龄妇女20例,其中内异症患者11例[内异症组,其中3例曾经接受过促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)治疗...     

模拟二氧化碳气腹对离体子宫内膜细胞增殖的影响

子宫内膜异位症(内异症)是妇科常见病,在育龄期妇女中的发病率高达10%～15%,病因至今未明.虽然内异症是一种良性病变,但异位子宫内膜却表现出异常的种植、侵袭甚至转移等类似恶性肿瘤的生物学特性.腹腔镜手术切除病灶是目前治疗内异症最常用的手术方法,且有较好的近期疗效,但术后复发率仍较高.     

卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤54例临床及病理分析

目的 :探讨卵巢交界性肿瘤的临床特征和治疗方法。方法 :回顾性分析 5 4例卵巢交界性肿瘤的临床病理学资料。结果 :发病年龄平均 41.2岁 , 期 45例占 83.3% ,粘液性 30例 (5 5 .6 % ) ,浆液性 17例 (31.5 % ) ,混合性 7例(13.0 % )。治疗后仅 1例 (1.9% )复发。治疗以手术为主 ,31例术后辅以化疗。 2 3例 (4 2 .6 % )行保守性手术 ,其中 4例在随访期间正常妊娠及分娩。结论 :卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤预后良好 ,手术是其有效的治疗手段 ,对临床 期 ,尤其需保留生育功能者 ,保守性手术较安全有效 ,而对 期及以上患者 ,仍主张行根治性手术以减少复发机会     

绝经后子宫内膜异位症22例临床分析

目的 :探讨绝经后子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )的临床特点。方法 :回顾性分析我院自1993年 6月至 2 0 0 2年 6月手术证实的 2 2例绝经后内异症患者的临床资料。结果 :患者年龄 4 7～ 6 5岁 ,平均 5 5 .6± 4 .8岁。主要症状有盆腔包块 15例 ,绝经后阴道流血 9例 ,阴道分泌物增多2例 ,慢性盆腔疼痛 1例。 19例 (86 .4 % )术前误诊。 2 2例均行全子宫加双附件切除术。I、II期 3例 ,III、IV期 19例。术后病理证实合并子宫肌瘤 13例 ,子宫腺肌病 7例 ,子宫内膜癌 2例 ,卵巢癌 1例。随诊时间超过 6个月的有 12例 ,其中HRT者 7例均无复发。结论 :绝经后内异症很可能是绝经前就存在的。临床表现不典型 ,常常与其他激素依赖性疾病同时存在 ,易于漏诊。全子宫加双附件切除术是诊断及治疗的主要方法。     

65岁以上老年妇科急症45例临床分析

目的:探讨65岁以上的老年妇科急症的临床特征及治疗。方法:对本院近15年的45例老年妇科急症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:老年妇科急症以生殖器肿瘤(71.11%)和子宫脱垂(15.56%)最常见,术前21例(46.67%)有合并症,以糖尿病和高血压病为主;术后6例(13.33%)有并发症,在44例需手术治疗患者中有40例行手术治疗,手术治疗率为90.91%。结论:只要对合并症积极控制,术前充分准备,术中、术后严密监护,选择适当的手术时机与手术方式,老年妇科急症患者是可以安全渡过围手术期的,高龄不是手术的绝对禁忌证。     

Mucinous adenocarcinoma in an ovarian remnant

The ovarian remnant syndrome, a complication of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, is progressively receiving more attention in the gynecological surgery literature. The syndrome is manifested by pelvic pain and a palpable or sonographic finding of a pelvic mass. However, in rare cases, patients can present with large masses and radiographic suggestion of malignancy. We present the case of a 76-year-old white female, 23 months after bilateral salpino-oophorectomy at the same institution, complaining of 3.5 months of right flank and abdominal pain. Clinical and radiological evidence of a right ovarian remnant was discovered. Subsequent laparoscopic resection was consistent with a well-encapsulated mucinous adenocarcinoma in a right ovarian remnant. Curiously, this patient had no history of endometriosis, dense pelvic adhesions, pelvic inflammatory disease, or difficulty encountered during the original hysterectomy. This is the seventh published case report in the international literature about carcinoma developing in an ovarian remnant. However, this case differs in that the patient had no preexisting gynecologic conditions at the time of hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy to account for residual ovarian tissue. Additionally, the oophorectomy was performed vaginally, in contrast to multiple previous case reports.     

Primary ovarian adenocarcinoma developing in ovarian remnant tissue ten years after laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for endometriosis

Ovarian remnant syndrome is a rare but known complication of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy associated or not with hysterectomy. This complication is frequently related to a history of multiple surgery, pelvic inflammatory disease, or endometriosis. Here we report the eighth documented case of a primary ovarian adenocarcinoma developing in an ovarian remnant but, to our knowledge, the first case to occur after laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. We discuss the management of pelvic masses suspected of malignancy after bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and the possible role of endometriosis in the development of malignancy in ovarian remnant syndrome.     

Triple synchronous primary cervical,endometrial and ovarian cancer with four different histologic patterns

Background Double synchronous primary cancers of gynecological cancers is a common event. However, triple synchronous primary gynecological cancers is an extremely rare event. Case A 50-year-old woman, para 0-0-0-0 was admitted to the hospital with a complaint of menorrhagia for 2 months. The preoperative evaluation and diagnosis was myoma uteri with bilateral ovarian tumor. Subtotal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and omentectomy were performed. The postoperative and pathologic findings were adenosquamous carcinoma of the endocervix, adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, low malignant potential of the right ovary and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the left ovary. She received a complete course of whole pelvic radiation. Unfortunately, she died from pulmonary embolism. Conclusion The occurrence of triple synchronous gynecological cancers is a rare and unique event deserving further studies     

Recurrence of endometriosis in women with bilateral adnexectomy (with or without total hysterectomy) who received hormone replacement therapy

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of recurrence after administration of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among women who have had endometriosis and who underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO). DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial (115 women receiving HRT and 57 not receiving HRT). SETTING; Public university hospital. PATIENT(S): Women with a histologic diagnosis of endometriosis in whom BSO was performed; 91.8% had a total hysterectomy. INTERVENTION(S): Periodical clinical examination, vaginal ultrasound, and CA-125 levels; surgical evaluation and histologic study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Recurrence rate, prognostic factors, and a mean follow-up time of 45 months. RESULT(S): There was no recurrence among women who did not receive HRT, versus a 3.5% rate (4 out of 115), or 0.9% per year, in women who received HRT. Two recurrences required abdominal surgery. There was one additional patient who required surgery, but the relationship to the endometriosis recurrence was controversial. Among women receiving HRT, the following risk factors were detected: peritoneal involvement > 3 cm (2.4% recurrence per year vs. 0.3%) and incomplete surgery (22.2% per patient vs. 1.9%). CONCLUSION(S): Patients with a history of endometriosis in whom total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy have been performed have a low risk of recurrence when HRT is administered. In those patients, HRT is a reasonable option. However, in cases with peritoneal involvement > 3 cm, the recurrence rate makes HRT a controversial option; if HRT is indicated, it should be monitored closely.     

Malignant tumors of the female genital track in the elderly

OBJECTIVE: In senium the increase in the incidence of most malignant neoplasms, as well as gynecological cancers is found. In this period of life the vast number of women do not apply for the preventive and follow-up examinations, which increases the number of malignant diseases diagnosed at advanced clinical stages. The coexisting another diseases often limits the possibility of the operative treatment in those cases. DESIGN: To assess the profile of malignant tumors of the genital tract and their treatment in women above 70 year old. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 61 women aged from 71 yrs. to 88 yrs. treated operatively between 1997-2001 due to gynecological cancers were included into the study. The structure and detectability of the neoplasms, as well as the type of performed surgical procedures were analysed. RESULTS: 30 endometrial cancers (49.2%), 16 ovarian cancers (26.2%), 14 vulvar cancers (22.9%) and 1 cervical cancer were diagnosed and surgically treated. The endometrial cancer stage I was detected in 18 cases, stage II in 4 cases and stage III in 8 cases. In each case the radical operation was done (total hysterectomy, lymphadenectomy and appendectomy). The ovarian cancer stage I was detected in 3 cases, stage II in 2 cases, stage III in 5 cases, and stage IV in 6 cases. Only in 5 cases out of this group the radical surgery was performed (total hysterectomy, omentectomy and appendectomy). The vulvar cancer stage I was detected in 2 cases, stage II in 11 cases, and FIGO stage III in 4 cases. In each of these women the vulva and bilateral inguinal lymph nodes were resected, and in 2 cases additionally at the same time the Miles operation was performed. The cervical cancer clinical stage I was detected, and the Wertheim operation was performed. CONCLUSIONS: The most often diagnosed malignant neoplasm in women above 70 yrs. was the endometrial cancer. The worst first-time diagnosis structure was observed in the ovarian cancer, what significantly decreased the ability of surgical treatment in this group.     

Clinical analysis of synchronous primary neoplasms of the female reproductive tract

OBJECTIVES: In this study, a histopathologic review of synchronous primary neoplasms including gynecologic malignancies is presented, and the possible correlation among discrete tumor subsets, natural history, and survival is evaluated. METHODS: Between the years 2000 and 2005, 20 patients suffering from synchronous primary cancers of gynecologic malignancy were identified. Clinical and pathologic information was obtained from medical records. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Patients with synchronous primary malignancies constituted 0.63% of all genital malignancies. The most frequently observed synchronous neoplasm was ovarian cancer coexistent with endometrial cancer (40%). The mean age of patients suffering from synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancer was 45.2 years. All patients with synchronous primary genital malignancies underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and/or adjuvant therapy. The mean duration of survival was 57 months (S.E.: 10.0; 95% confidence interval: 37-77). CONCLUSION: Patients suffering from primary genital malignancies are sometimes co-afflicted with other primary cancers. Synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancer constitutes the most common of these cases, and is detected at a relatively early age, with generally favorable prognoses.     

Ovarian endometriosis associated with ovarian carcinoma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the incidence, the histopathological characteristics, and the proliferation activity of endometriosis and atypical endometriosis associated with ovarian carcinoma. METHODS: Microscopic slides of primary lesions from 127 patients with primary ovarian carcinoma were reviewed. The presence or absence of endometriosis and the transitions from typical endometriosis to atypical endometriosis and from atypical endometriosis to carcinoma were also histologically evaluated. Ki-67 immunoreactivity of typical and atypical endometriosis and carcinoma was examined. In addition, endometrial metaplasias were also evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 127 patients, 37 had endometriosis: 70% (30/43) had clear cell adenocarcinoma, 43% (3/7) had endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 7% (4/60) had serous adenocarcinoma, and none (0/17) had mucinous adenocarcinoma. Thirty-three cases showed typical endometriosis and 29 cases had atypical endometriosis (25 cases had both). Tufting and the stratification of the lining epithelium were observed in 25 and 23 cases, respectively. The transition from typical endometriosis to atypical endometriosis was observed in 22 cases, and the transition from atypical endometriosis to carcinoma, in 23 cases. Only one case showed a direct transition from typical endometriosis to carcinoma. The mean Ki-67 indices were as follows: ovarian carcinoma, 23.1; atypical endometriosis, 9.9; typical endometriosis, 2.7. In 18 cases with metaplasia in endometriosis, eosinophilic metaplasia and ciliated metaplasia were the most common types. Five cases had two types of metaplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian carcinomas, especially clear cell and endometrioid adenocarcinomas, are highly associated with endometriosis. Atypical endometriosis shows proliferation activity intermediate to those of typical endometriosis and ovarian carcinoma, suggesting it is a precancerous status.     

An analysis of different approaches to ovarian cysts in Italy

The management of pelvic masses represent a rising problem due to the need to obtain an early diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to evaluate the clinical and surgical approach to ovarian cysts in Italy, we sent a multiple choice questionnaire to 214 members of the Italian Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SIOG) and to 230 members of the Italian Society of Gynecologic Endoscopy (SEGi). Ninety-six resulted evaluable. RESULTS: Transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound associated with CA125 determination represent the basis for the diagnosis, even if there is no univocal agreement on the ultrasound aspects that may define an ovarian cyst as doubtful. If an ovarian cyst, classified as suspicious, has been diagnosed in a postmenopausal woman, a wide range of therapeutic options have been reported: laparotomic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy represent the treatment of choice for 49% of SIOG members, whereas laparoscopic bilateral (45%) or monolateral (39%) salpingo-oophorectomy represents the standard for SEGi members. Ultrasound criteria to distinguish among benign or probably malignant or doubtful ovarian cysts, the treatment of an ovarian cyst during pregnancy, and the management of an unexpected intraoperative diagnosis of borderline ovarian neoplasia are discussed on the basis of answers received by SIOG and SEGi members.     

Ovarian ossification associated with endometriosis

BACKGROUND: Bone formation in the ovary, with the exception of developing in the setting of mature cystic teratoma, is exceedingly rare. CASE: A 46-year-old woman with a history of endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. A 3 cm solid heavily calcified mass with a stony hard consistency was detected within the right ovary. Microscopic examination revealed extensive calcification of the right ovarian stroma with formation of abundant mature bone, adjacent to small foci of endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS: Endometriosis can be associated with ovarian ossification, forming an extensively calcified adnexal mass. Conservative treatment with close follow-up may be adequate in patients with a history of endometriosis who present with a small heavily calcified ovarian mass and wish to preserve their fertility.